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Andrew Côté

@Andercot • 131,169 subscribers

engineering physicist, writes about deep tech, physics, energy, sci fi and whatever. founder @hyperstition_x produces @deeptechweek

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First video of LK-99 Full Levitation, aka flux-pinning This video was just posted to the Chinese video-sharing site BiliBili and claims to be a highly pure synthesized sample of LK-99. What is the physical phenomenon behind this and what does it mean? Levitation of superconducting materials is a phenomenon unique to what is called Type-II superconductors, and is an effect whereby magnetic field lines becomes 'trapped' as it passes through the material, providing the force needed to levitate. These are the popular images and videos of cryogenically-cooled discs floating above a magnet frequently seen online and in the pinned post on my profile. You can think of this like strands of hair being caught in gum - the gum is suspended in mid-air by adhering strongly to the hair as the hair passes through it. The hair in this case is magnetic field lines and the gum is the Type-II superconductor. Just like hair comes in individual strands, or in other words hair is 'quantized' or 'discrete', so is the flux trapped at the 'pinning centers' quantized in what are called 'magnetic vortices' - the quantization of pinned flux lines is a key property and distinguishing characteristic of Type-II superconductors (although technically can occur in Type-I superconductors if the material thickness is smaller than the London penetration depth, which is indeed very small - specifics for the physics nerds out there). Flux-pinning is entirely unique to superconductors and is also wholly distinct from the Meissner effect. It is not a property of diamagnets or diamagnetism. At TRIUMF I contributed to flux-pinning studies in Niobium crystal superconducting radio-frequency cavities used for particle acceleration. In that application, trapped flux poses an issue by increasing the remnant surface resistivity of the cavity, which has the effect of decreasing its effective quality factor or Q-factor, which is a measurement of a resonators efficiency. SRF cavities typically have Q-factors of 10E10 and trapped flux at pinning centers reduces the maximum effective accelerating electric field used to drive charged particle bunches close to the speed of light. Flux pinning is thought to arise in some Type-II superconductors by small imperfections in the crystal, also called volume defects, that enable flux to penetrate the material. In SRF cavities an issue that arises is any magnetic field that is passing through the material, e.g. by the Earth's background field, can become pinned or trapped inside the cavity as it transitions into a superconducting state. See some attached plots in the comments from a study showing how the surface resistivity of SRF cavities increases the more there is a background field as the cavity transitions into superconducting state. This is the first video I am aware of that claims to show the flux-pinned levitation of a LK-99 sample. If this is in fact what is happening, then it is a very unique and promising finding of this new materials properties and potential for future study. If this is real then it is truly ground-breaking

7,592,359 просмотров

Intelligence is a system level description of emergent coordinated action in response to the environment, and it does not require any 'embodied self'

Intelligence is a system level description of emergent coordinated action in response to the environment, and it does not require any 'embodied self'

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Three more replications of diamagnetism in LK-99 A re-cap of who they are and where to find them: Andrew McCalip working out of the Varda Space Industries laboratories has replicated the apparent diamagnetic properties of LK-99 in the video attached. He did so following the recipe originally published by the Korean team using tools like a blowtorch and oven. Here you can see a fuller clip he has uploaded to youtube and also posted to his twitter / X account: Chrześcijańska Unia Jedności 🇳🇨🇯🇵🇮🇳🇬🇧🇬🇱 in Poland has also claimed replication of diamagnetic properties although a write-up is forthcoming, see photo in the comments. A team of Hao Wu, Li Yang, Bichen Xiao, Haixin Chang at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology have claimed successful replication of diamagnetism in a sample of LK-99 with a more extended write-up which is available on arxiv: with photos attached in comments below. This comes in addition to the first reported replication of diamagnetism which to the best of my knowledge belongs to Iris COMMS OPEN (2/3) Вы/ж. р. , in addition to now several others at Chinese research universities. ~~~~~~~~ An emerging interpretation of this physical phenomenon of partial levitation is that the superconducting pathways inside the material are one-dimensional, and so do not fully support levitation in all three dimensions. Normally in a Type-II superconductor current can flow and be conducted internally in different directions however the magnetic field might induce it, as well as trap or pin magnetic flux lines internally, thus the Meissner effect might be considered the combination of several phenomenon and properties at once. Notably, replications of this partial levitation / diamagnetism have been accompanied with photos of it NOT being attracted to a magnet, showing that this is not simply a magnetized flake of material. The speed and ease of replicating the diamagnetism of LK-99 is profound - normally in preparing these materials there is an extensive amount of artisinal expertise and practical know-how required to get the recipe just right. Things are definitely getting interesting here folks

Three more replications of diamagnetism in LK-99 A re-cap of who they are and where to find them: Andrew McCalip working out of the Varda Space Industries laboratories has replicated the apparent diamagnetic properties of LK-99 in the video attached. He did so following the recipe originally published by the Korean team using tools like a blowtorch and oven. Here you can see a fuller clip he has uploaded to youtube and also posted to his twitter / X account: Chrześcijańska Unia Jedności 🇳🇨🇯🇵🇮🇳🇬🇧🇬🇱 in Poland has also claimed replication of diamagnetic properties although a write-up is forthcoming, see photo in the comments. A team of Hao Wu, Li Yang, Bichen Xiao, Haixin Chang at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology have claimed successful replication of diamagnetism in a sample of LK-99 with a more extended write-up which is available on arxiv: with photos attached in comments below. This comes in addition to the first reported replication of diamagnetism which to the best of my knowledge belongs to Iris COMMS OPEN (2/3) Вы/ж. р. , in addition to now several others at Chinese research universities. ~~~~~~~~ An emerging interpretation of this physical phenomenon of partial levitation is that the superconducting pathways inside the material are one-dimensional, and so do not fully support levitation in all three dimensions. Normally in a Type-II superconductor current can flow and be conducted internally in different directions however the magnetic field might induce it, as well as trap or pin magnetic flux lines internally, thus the Meissner effect might be considered the combination of several phenomenon and properties at once. Notably, replications of this partial levitation / diamagnetism have been accompanied with photos of it NOT being attracted to a magnet, showing that this is not simply a magnetized flake of material. The speed and ease of replicating the diamagnetism of LK-99 is profound - normally in preparing these materials there is an extensive amount of artisinal expertise and practical know-how required to get the recipe just right. Things are definitely getting interesting here folks

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The future is gonna be so damn cool

The future is gonna be so damn cool

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The Future is Here

The Future is Here

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First claimed successful replication of LK-99 Accomplished by a team at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and posted 30 minutes ago. Why this is evidence: The LK-99 flake slightly levitates for both orientations of the magnetic field, meaning it is not simply a magnetized piece of iron or similar 'magnetic material'. A simple magnetic flake would be attracted to one polarity of the strong magnet, and repelled by the other. A diamagnet would be repelled under either orientation, since it resists and expels all fields regardless of the polarity. Caveats There is no way to verify the orientation of the strong magnet in this video, also, there are yet to be published experimental measured values of this sample. Diamagnetism is a property of superconductors but without measured and verified data, this is just suggestive of a result. Take-away If this synthesis was indeed successful, then this material is easy enough to be made by labs other than the original research team. I would watch carefully for results out of Argonne National Lab, who are reported to be working on their own synthesis of a sample. This overall corroborates two independent simulation studies that investigated the original Korean authors claim about material and crystal structure, and both studies supported the claims. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab: Shenyang National Lab: The attached video shows a small flake of their sample responding to an external magnetic field. I scroll through the video to skip to the relevant part. original video credit to: Alex Volkov

First claimed successful replication of LK-99 Accomplished by a team at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and posted 30 minutes ago. Why this is evidence: The LK-99 flake slightly levitates for both orientations of the magnetic field, meaning it is not simply a magnetized piece of iron or similar 'magnetic material'. A simple magnetic flake would be attracted to one polarity of the strong magnet, and repelled by the other. A diamagnet would be repelled under either orientation, since it resists and expels all fields regardless of the polarity. Caveats There is no way to verify the orientation of the strong magnet in this video, also, there are yet to be published experimental measured values of this sample. Diamagnetism is a property of superconductors but without measured and verified data, this is just suggestive of a result. Take-away If this synthesis was indeed successful, then this material is easy enough to be made by labs other than the original research team. I would watch carefully for results out of Argonne National Lab, who are reported to be working on their own synthesis of a sample. This overall corroborates two independent simulation studies that investigated the original Korean authors claim about material and crystal structure, and both studies supported the claims. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab: Shenyang National Lab: The attached video shows a small flake of their sample responding to an external magnetic field. I scroll through the video to skip to the relevant part. original video credit to: Alex Volkov

7,228,814 просмотров • 2 лет назад

This is alien nanotechnology You are made of alien nanotechnology You are the most advanced technology in the known galaxy by far

This is alien nanotechnology You are made of alien nanotechnology You are the most advanced technology in the known galaxy by far

159,821 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

First independent measurement of zero resistance in LK-99 A team of scientists from the Physics Department of Southeast University, a top university in Nanjing, China, have reported measuring 0 resistance in a sample of LK-99 they synthesized from scratch. Here is the video: - They measure 0 resistance at 110K (-163C) using the four-point probe method. 0 resistance at this high of a temperature at ambient pressure is a new discovery in materials science - They also claim a transition in and out of zero resistance state depending on a strongly applied magnetic field - a classic characteristic of superconductivity. - The sample they synthesized is reported to have much higher purity than the original Korean team of LKK - They note an interesting and abrupt drop in resistance, by several orders of magnitude, between ~300 and 220K (approx values from the graph). This is currently unexplained, but is in rough agreement with LKK - i.e., LKK may have been measuring this higher-temperature 'drop' which was two orders of magnitude. - They retain the claim that this is not absolute conclusive proof of superconductivity, but it is suggestive of very interesting electronic properties in this material. These results compare nicely with recent simulations out of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of Boulder Colorado, Shenyang National Laboratory, and TU Wien, all performed by high profile and established materials scientists. Those simulations have converged on LK-99 having the potential for superconductivity at high temperatures and ambient pressures due to the formation of flat energy bands when lead-apatite crystal is doped with copper. Notably, other doping metals may also achieve similar or better performance. Here is a summary of those simulations:

2,765,446 просмотров • 2 лет назад

Biological systems at the molecular level are impossibly advanced nanotech that we are hopelessly far from engineering ourselves from scratch.

Biological systems at the molecular level are impossibly advanced nanotech that we are hopelessly far from engineering ourselves from scratch.

738,782 просмотров • 1 год назад

Space Based Data Center breakaway civilization returning to socialist feudal Earth to turn everyone into training data

Space Based Data Center breakaway civilization returning to socialist feudal Earth to turn everyone into training data

163,674 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

Biology is by far the most advanced technology on the planet, self-assembling nanobots that can unpack a single cell into a space-faring civilization in a few billion years.

Biology is by far the most advanced technology on the planet, self-assembling nanobots that can unpack a single cell into a space-faring civilization in a few billion years.

323,138 просмотров • 1 год назад

This is a real-time video of extremely precise deposition of 1 nanoliter to 1 microliter droplets inside of 96 well plates. Equivalent to developing photolithography but for life sciences. Absolutely incredible tech tree unlock. We live in an age of miracles. M2-Automation GmbH

This is a real-time video of extremely precise deposition of 1 nanoliter to 1 microliter droplets inside of 96 well plates. Equivalent to developing photolithography but for life sciences. Absolutely incredible tech tree unlock. We live in an age of miracles. M2-Automation GmbH

410,581 просмотров • 1 год назад

Video Essay: Space Based Data Centers, OpenAI + Disney, Bureaucracy as a Civilizational Threat, Tech Bubbles, Geopolitics of Manufacturing, Nancy Pelosi is the Blight, Biotech as Nanotech and other hot takes

Video Essay: Space Based Data Centers, OpenAI + Disney, Bureaucracy as a Civilizational Threat, Tech Bubbles, Geopolitics of Manufacturing, Nancy Pelosi is the Blight, Biotech as Nanotech and other hot takes

46,029 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

Drones are difficult to shoot down with a rifle. So why not just install an AI controlled turret on the back of a cybertruck? That's what Cameron Rowe did

Drones are difficult to shoot down with a rifle. So why not just install an AI controlled turret on the back of a cybertruck? That's what Cameron Rowe did

81,423 просмотров • 1 год назад

Someone had to do it.

Someone had to do it.

64,665 просмотров • 1 год назад

Our universe is a model with twenty or so carefully fine-tuned parameters that generate all the content inside. Using these parameters and a reduced-scale model you can simulate the history of the cosmos. With the full-scale model, you get to be part of the simulation.

Our universe is a model with twenty or so carefully fine-tuned parameters that generate all the content inside. Using these parameters and a reduced-scale model you can simulate the history of the cosmos. With the full-scale model, you get to be part of the simulation.

90,707 просмотров • 2 лет назад

I used to think Life maximized Entropy in the sense of randomness, but its actually maximizing Gibbs Entropy which has the same mathematical form as Shannon Entropy. Now I see Life as bootstrapping information complexity from any energy gradient. This is beautiful.

I used to think Life maximized Entropy in the sense of randomness, but its actually maximizing Gibbs Entropy which has the same mathematical form as Shannon Entropy. Now I see Life as bootstrapping information complexity from any energy gradient. This is beautiful.

51,568 просмотров • 1 год назад

"When he has mastered all time and space, still Man will be beginning"

"When he has mastered all time and space, still Man will be beginning"

10,526 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

Energy is the most important resource for civilizational abundance. Fusion: Clean Energy, for Everyone. Forever. Tens of billions have been spent to make it real. Yet <1% of funding has gone to the one approach which could change everything. This is Avalanche Energy 🧵

Energy is the most important resource for civilizational abundance. Fusion: Clean Energy, for Everyone. Forever. Tens of billions have been spent to make it real. Yet <1% of funding has gone to the one approach which could change everything. This is Avalanche Energy 🧵

20,943 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

It's been 50 years since the world developed a commercial supersonic jet. Blake Scholl 🛫 is making history with XB-1 - here's a never-before-seen video of its first flight. We can end the great stagnation, and together build a science fiction future for all mankind.

It's been 50 years since the world developed a commercial supersonic jet. Blake Scholl 🛫 is making history with XB-1 - here's a never-before-seen video of its first flight. We can end the great stagnation, and together build a science fiction future for all mankind.

22,096 просмотров • 1 год назад

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