Carlos Creus Moreira

The difference between SEALSQ silicon-based spin-qubit QPUs and quantum processors built on superconducting circuits or trapped ions comes down to physics, manufacturability, and long-term industrial scalability. SEALSQ’s approach uses electron spins confined in silicon semiconductor structures—essentially quantum dots fabricated with CMOS-compatible processes—where the qubit is the spin state of an electron rather than a macroscopic electrical current or a free ion. This makes spin qubits orders of magnitude smaller, potentially allowing millions of qubits on a single silicon wafer, and critically aligns the technology with existing semiconductor fabs, supply chains, and design tools. In contrast, superconducting qubits rely on exotic materials and microwave resonators that are physically large, wiring-heavy, and difficult to scale beyond a few thousand qubits without massive cryogenic and control overhead. Trapped-ion systems achieve excellent qubit coherence but depend on ultra-high vacuum chambers, precision lasers, and optical alignment, making them closer to scientific instruments than manufacturable chips. Silicon spin qubits also benefit from long intrinsic coherence times (especially in isotopically purified silicon), low power dissipation, and a natural path to tight integration with classical control, cryogenic electronics, and security primitives—an area where SEALSQ’s semiconductor and hardware-security DNA becomes a strategic advantage. The trade-off is that spin qubits are technically harder to control at the single-qubit level and are earlier in large-scale deployment than superconducting systems, but if solved, they offer the most credible route to industrial-scale, cost-effective, secure quantum processors, rather than lab-scale demonstrations.

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