iJEP Studio
@ijep.studio • 65,500 subscribers
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The tiniest engine on Earth#learnontiktok #atpsynthase #flagellum #biotok #funfacts #biology #nanomachine #learning #molecularbiology #coolscience #scienceanimation #molecularmotor #stem Powered by a natural outboard engine, a bacterium relies on flowing protons to spin its flagellum hundreds of times a second through water. Inside, thousands of nanomachines operate in a dense labyrinth of DNA that spans a thousand times the cell's length. As food grows scarce, surface receptors trigger a messenger that reverses the motor. The cell tumbles, recalibrates, and races off in a new direction. By repeating this cycle, these invisible organisms successfully hunt for food and navigate their environment.
iJEP Studio980,700 次观看 • 4 天前
40 Ways Light Can Bend, Bounce and Break ✨ How does a lens focus light? Why does a diamond sparkle? Where do rainbows come from? 🌈 40 optical elements, one beam of light at a time 🔦 Every ray path follows real optics: Snell’s law, reflection, total internal reflection and dispersion. 🔍 Lenses: convex, concave, meniscus, aspheric, Fresnel, GRIN 🪞 Mirrors: plane, concave, parabolic, elliptical, Mangin 🔺 Prisms: right-angle, Dove, penta, rhomboid, beam splitter 💎 Light in nature: water droplets, diamonds, hot-air mirages 🌈 Splitting white light: Newton’s prisms, diffraction grating Which one surprised you most? Comment below 👇#learnontiktok #learning #funfacts #physics #optics #light #science #STEM #lens #prism #rainbow #satisfying #oddlysatisfying #scienceexplained #ijepstudio#stem #coolscience #simulation
iJEP Studio2,000,000 次观看 • 25 天前
DNA relication machinery #learnontiktok #atpsynthase #flagellum #biotok #funfacts #biology #nanomachine #learning #molecularbiology #coolscience #scienceanimation #molecularmotor #biochemistry #stem Every time a bacterium divides, it must copy more than four million letters of DNA with astonishing accuracy. Behind this feat is a molecular assembly line called the replisome. At the front is the helicase, a ring-shaped motor made of six subunits. Fueled by ATP, it races along the DNA, pulling apart the double helix and exposing two single strands. But exposed DNA is unstable. Single-strand binding proteins quickly coat the strands, keeping them separated and protecting them until they can be copied. Now comes the copying machinery: two DNA polymerases, one for each strand. Each polymerase grips the DNA through a sliding clamp, a molecular ring that keeps it attached while it adds thousands of new DNA letters. But there's a problem. DNA polymerases can only build in one direction: from 5′ to 3′. At the replication fork, that creates two very different jobs. The leading strand runs in the right direction, allowing its polymerase to follow the helicase and copy DNA continuously. The lagging strand faces the opposite direction. It must be copied in short, separate pieces called Okazaki fragments. First, primase lays down a short RNA primer, creating a starting point for DNA synthesis. Then comes the clamp loader. Powered by ATP, it opens a sliding clamp, positions it around the primer, and snaps it shut, ready for the next round of copying. The lagging-strand polymerase then grabs the new clamp and starts building an Okazaki fragment. As synthesis continues, the DNA template loops out, forming a remarkable trombone-like structure. Once the polymerase reaches the previous fragment, it releases the DNA and jumps to a freshly loaded clamp to start again. Flexible tau proteins connect both polymerases and the helicase to the clamp loader, coordinating the entire machine into one synchronized molecular factory. Together, they can copy roughly a thousand DNA letters every second. And accuracy is just as remarkable as speed. A proofreading subunit catches many incorrectly paired letters and removes them before they become permanent mistakes. Finally, the RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA, and DNA ligase seals the remaining gaps, joining all the fragments into one continuous strand. Two complete DNA molecules, copied from one, ready for the next generation.
iJEP Studio82,100 次观看 • 4 天前
DNA replication machinery #dna#satisfying #oddlysatisfying #learnontiktok #sciencetok #biotok#atp #polymerase ##simulation #coolscience #biochemistry By understanding the structure of DNA, scientists proposed—and later proved—that DNA serves as the template for copying genetic information. Using computer animation based on molecular research, we can now visualize how DNA replication takes place inside living cells. You’re looking at an assembly line of tiny molecular machines working together to duplicate DNA. The DNA double helix enters from the bottom left, where a molecular machine called helicase unwinds it into two separate strands. One strand is copied continuously, extending toward the right. The other strand is more complicated: because DNA can only be synthesized in one direction, it must be copied in short, separate segments. The strand forms loops that allow the replication machinery to coordinate the copying process. By the end, the original DNA molecule has been duplicated into two DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
iJEP Studio596,600 次观看 • 1 个月前
One tiny gene decided your sex.Every embryo starts with the same equipment: two sets of plumbing, and a gonad that could become a testis or an ovary. Around week six, one gene on the Y chromosome, SRY (Sex-determining Region Y), makes a protein that grabs the DNA and bends it. That kink switches on SOX9, which keeps itself on, and the gonad becomes a testis. Testosterone keeps one set of plumbing, and anti-Müllerian hormone dissolves the other. No SRY, and the ovary program wins. Copy SRY onto an X and you get an XX male; break the testosterone receptor and you get an XY female. It was never the Y. It’s one gene, one switch. #learnontiktok #learning #coolscience #biology #genetics #embryology #SRY #science #sciencetok #learnontiktok #chromosomes #DNA #protein #molecularbiology #stem #biotok #biochemistry
iJEP Studio44,200 次观看 • 16 天前
Watch hemoglobin grab oxygen, one at a time#learnontiktok #scienceanimation #coolscience Your blood is never blue 🩸 Veins only look blue because skin bounces blue light back while dark blood soaks up the red. The red is hemoglobin: 4 protein chains (2 α, 2 β), each holding a heme with an iron atom at its heart. When the first O₂ lands, the iron pulls on a histidine, a helix shifts… and the whole molecule rocks from the tense T state to the relaxed R state. Each oxygen makes the next one easier: that’s cooperativity. Fully loaded in the lungs, it lets go in your tissues. Carbon monoxide is deadly because it grabs those same irons and won’t let go.#biochemistry #learning #nanomachine #biology #science #molecularbiology #biochemistry #blood #oxygen #learnontiktok #scitok #animation #blender3d #protein #structuralbiology
iJEP Studio21,000 次观看 • 22 天前
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