Παππάς Α. Σπυρίδων
@spappasa • 5,825 subscribers
PhD Astrophysicist. Ret. Colonel 🇬🇷 🇨🇾 🇮🇱 🇫🇷 🇺🇸 🇮🇳 🇯🇵 #Christian #Family #Country. «Μη μου τους κύκλους τάραττε»
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#HumanRightsViolation #Erdogan #Europe #USA After the 1999 İzmit / Marmara earthquake, which killed more than 17,000 people, Turkey received major international financial support aimed at rebuilding housing, infrastructure, and improving earthquake resistance standards. The Turkish people know it. They effectively hold Erdogan politically hostage — aware of the corruption, yet trapped by it. Billions in aid poured in from the USA and Europe, funds specifically earmarked for rebuilding homes and restoring infrastructure. So where did it go? No accountability. No transparency. No refunds. Some of the main funding sources were: The World Bank and other international institutions helped finance more than $1.5 billion in earthquake mitigation, reconstruction, and safer building projects over the following years. Much of this funding went into retrofitting schools, hospitals, public buildings, and enforcing stricter building codes. The World Bank immediately reallocated about $267 million from existing loans for housing, health, education, and infrastructure recovery in the Marmara region. It later added a $252 million emergency recovery loan and financed about $505 million of a reconstruction project worth roughly $737 million. The #European Investment Bank provided emergency grants and later supported a €600 million loan facility for reconstruction after the 1999 earthquake. It had already invested more than €1.3 billion in Turkish infrastructure projects by that time. The International Monetary Fund offered Turkey a $3.5 billion loan after the 1999 disaster, in addition to an earlier $500 million already granted. According to later economic studies, Turkey secured around $3 billion in “exceptional external financing” after the 1999 earthquake from international donors and lenders. International aid also funded specific projects such as earthquake-resistant housing, the creation of the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool, stronger building regulations, emergency logistics hubs, and public disaster preparation programs. Turkey also created its own so-called “earthquake tax” after 1999, officially the special communications tax, intended to strengthen buildings and disaster preparedness. Estimates suggest it raised between roughly $4.5 billion and $37 billion over time depending on exchange-rate calculations. However, there has been major criticism inside Turkey that not enough of that money was actually used to make buildings earthquake-resistant. Real receivers? Secretary Marco Rubio Laura Loomer United Nations
Παππάς Α. Σπυρίδων15,326 次观看 • 3 个月前
#Satirical #Amateur #Funny #StarWars #OttomanEmpire #Erdogan in the role of Kylo Ren. Hypothetically has expanded his #Ottoman Empire in year 9031. Joining The #Starkiller Base, he goes #undercover to check if the crew is working as he ordered. Original Saturday Night Live Undercover Boss Main Cast: Adam Driver as: Cris Collinsworth, Kylo Ren, Aladdin, Finn Raynal-Beads, Dr. Rockhard Darrell Hammond as: Self - Announcer, Donald Trump Michael Che as: Weekend Update Anchor Chris Stapleton as: Self - Musical Guest
Παππάς Α. Σπυρίδων15,600 次观看 • 1 年前
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