I made a visualization of EIP-8288 aka "recursive mempool... aggregation," my new favorite EIP of all time because it perfectly encapsulates the thesis of the "cryptographic world computer" -- a system whose scalability *increases*, not decreases, with the level of decentralization. In a previous tweet I explained how EIP-8288 achieved this seemingly impossible feat, but one gif is worth a thousand words. Essentially, EIP-8288 leverages Ethereum's decentralized mempool as a parallel ZK proving cluster. Clients send signatures and proofs to the mempool, which over multiple rounds progressively aggregate them into fewer and fewer proofs, until the block builder finally aggregates them into one SINGLE proof. This design accomplishes five things at once: - The more nodes we add to the decentralized mempool, the more signatures/proofs Ethereum can process as a whole. This is obvious if you look at the animation and imagine more nodes in the mempool ring, which would "fan out" to more signatures/proofs. - By aggregating over multiple rounds (aka "recursive aggregation"), the bandwidth consumed by proofs remains constant for each node even as the network processes more proofs. As a result, the network stays decentralized even as capacity increases. - By aggregating proofs before one final aggregation by the builder, as opposed to requiring the builder to aggregate everything, the network can process more proofs without increasing hardware requirements for the builder. - By aggregating everything to a single block-level proof, validators can verify thousands of signatures/proofs by checking just one aggregated proof. Hardware requirements for validators can therefore stay low, keeping the network decentralized. - By aggregating not just native signatures but also STARKs, Ethereum can support any signature scheme by wrapping them in STARKs. So once again, this is how Ethereum will: - scale to process tens of thousands of PQ and private transactions per second - charge a tiny amount of gas to validate each txn, even though the original signature/proof may be huge (up to hundreds of KBs in size) - all while decentralizing even MORE. You are not bullish enough.show more

Watch the #bitcoin network in action. Each dot on... the map represents a computer node, each holding a complete ledger of every transaction. This global network verifies the next block of transactions every ~10 minutes. The system ensures every transaction is recorded on a public ledger, accessible by anyone, yet secure and tamper-proof. As each new block is found, it's transmitted across the network, node by node, in real-time. This decentralized process eliminates the need for a central authority, highlighting Bitcoin's innovative approach to maintaining consensus and security. The nodes, distributed worldwide, are the backbone of Bitcoin's decentralized architecture. Watching them work together to verify transactions and add them to the blockchain provides a clear view of how the system operates efficiently and securely.show more

SEND PROOFS. After 9 months of development we are... happy to announce that Aligned's ZK verification layer – mainnet beta – is now live on Ethereum. This means that developers can verify ZK proofs on Ethereum for less than 10% of the cost and that they can submit thousands of proofs per batch.show more

Vitalik Reveals Ethereum’s Big 2030 Redesign Vitalik Buterin (vitalik.eth)... has outlined how Ethereum could look very different by 2030, in a new essay. He described the network as a hybrid architecture combining blockchains with modern cryptography. Crucial points include: - Future upgrades could introduce recursive STARKs, automated verification and quantum safe cryptography. - Buterin also expects Ethereum to process more work through decentralized and parallel systems. - Buterin expects Hegota, planned for next year, to be Ethereum’s last normal fork. - He also projected 4 to 8 second slots and 8 to 32 second finality by 2030. - Nodes could eventually verify cryptographic proofs instead of downloading and executing every block. - Buterin also expects aggregated signatures and multi participant block construction to reshape validation. - FOCIL could also give multiple validators a larger role in forcing transactions into blocks. - He said applications built around Ethereum could achieve much lower latency than Ethereum itself.show more

Say hello to Boojum 👋: zkSync Era’s new high-performance... proof system for radical decentralization. Boojum is an upgrade that will transition zkSync Era to a STARK-powered proof system, providing world-class performance on consumer-grade hardware. 💡 Learn more: TL;DR 👇 Boojum is the name of our Rust-based cryptographic library, which we use to implement the upgraded version of the ZK circuits for zkSync Era and the ZK Stack. The name Boojum was inspired by Lewis Carroll's poem "The Hunting of the Snark," where the Boojum represents the most fearsome kind of Snark. We intentionally designed zkSync Era in a way that cryptographic upgrades can be made without a regenesis, meaning that the Boojum upgrade won’t cause any user disruptions. Why Boojum❓ From day one, zkSync’s mission is to advance personal freedom for all — making digital self-ownership universally accessible by building a blockchain network that is trustless, secure, permissionless, affordable, easy to use, resilient and limitlessly scalable. Boojum plays an important role in advancing this mission by delivering: 1. World-class performance zkSync Era’s current SNARK-based proof system is effective today, but it won’t scale to the volume that we envision for hyperchains. zkSync Era’s sequencer can already process over 100 TPS; Boojum orders of magnitude improvements to performance complements this well. 2. Reduced hardware requirements for decentralization Our long-term goal is to enable user-powered, decentralized proof generation. Boojum represents a breakthrough in this direction — with the prover running on consumer-grade GPUs requiring only 16 GB GPU RAM. Boojum’s Journey to Mainnet 🚴🏽‍♀️ Boojum is now live on Mainnet, generating and verifying ‘shadow proofs’ today with real production data so that we can carefully test the system ahead of fully migrating. Today, we’re also open-sourcing the repo; if you’d like to take a look, you can find it here 👇 This is the first of a series of posts on Boojum. We will provide updates on our progress, including more details on implementation, security, and performance. Watch here for more, anon ∎show more

🚧ERC20 Bridge Progress Update Development of the Salvium ERC20... bridge continues to advance. ☑️Deposit proofs are now in internal testing and have entered their final optimisation cycle. ☑️Withdrawal proofs have also entered internal testing, with optimisation work scheduled immediately after. Once both proof systems have been fully tested and stabilised, we'll be deploying a testnet bridge of the complete mechanism. As we prepare for the ERC20 testnet launch, we'll be rolling out a series of infrastructure and network updates over the coming weeks to help ensure a smoother and more reliable final deployment. We're getting closer. Stay tuned for more updates. The Salvium Teamshow more

How can it be that, of all the Seven... Wonders of the Ancient World, the oldest is the only one still standing, is the most sophisticated, and has never been replicated? This is one of the biggest proofs of the cyclical resetting of civilization. The pyramids are antediluvian, built by a different civilization.show more

Canton Network vs. Ethereum: What's the Difference? Ethereum (Ethereum)... is a general-purpose public blockchain where transactions and smart contract activity are broadly visible across the network. Validators use proof-of-stake to agree on the chain’s state. Canton Network (Canton Network) takes a different approach, focusing on privacy, interoperability, and institutional financial workflows. Here are the key differences: (1) Privacy Ethereum is transparent by design. Addresses, balances, transactions, contract calls, and events can generally be inspected publicly. Ethereum is now researching additional privacy technologies, including private reads, private transactions, and zero-knowledge proofs. Canton uses sub-transaction-level privacy. Participants only receive the transaction data relevant to them, while sensitive information is shared on a need-to-know basis. (2) Network Structure Ethereum operates as a public blockchain with a shared global state maintained by its network of nodes and validators, plus layer 2 networks that settle back to it. Canton is designed as a network of networks. Applications can operate across different participant nodes and synchronizers while remaining interoperable, connected through the public Global Synchronizer run by super validators. (3) Consensus Ethereum’s proof-of-stake system uses validators to propose and attest to blocks, with validators staking ETH to participate in network security. Canton separates transaction validation from transaction ordering and confirmation. The participants involved in a transaction validate the relevant smart contract state, while synchronizers coordinate ordering and commits. (4) Smart Contracts Ethereum uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine, allowing developers to deploy programmable smart contracts across a broad public ecosystem. Canton uses Daml-based smart contracts and gives applications control over privacy, governance, permissions, and operating policies. This makes Canton particularly suited to workflows where different institutions need to interact without exposing every transaction to the entire network. (5) Main Use Cases Ethereum has developed into a broad platform for DeFi, NFTs, stablecoins, decentralized applications, and other permissionless applications. Canton is focused heavily on financial infrastructure, including tokenized assets, payments, institutional markets, and workflows requiring confidentiality. So, Ethereum emphasizes public verification and permissionless composability, while Canton emphasizes privacy-preserving interoperability between institutions on a public network.show more

Today, we are proud to announce a pivotal partnership... and collaboration with privacy giants Anyone Protocol. Our collaboration brings to life the development of a ZK-powered instant encrypted messaging application, engineered on the robust infrastructure of the ATOR network. The application will be tailored to cater to the needs of those of us living and breathing a decentralized revolution. We’re making this a reality by ensuring every message stays between you and the intended recipient, with cryptographic validation of identity through zk proofs. By building on the backbone of the ATOR Network, we're strengthening our joint commitment to privacy and communication standards collectively. This encompasses extending our collaboration with ATOR partners, including tapping into the expertise of their incredible partners Forte Group. We will be acquiring ATOR tokens to power this collaboration, enable us to acquire nodes and bandwidth in the network and together, we are united in pushing the boundaries to enhance privacy.show more

🚨 BREAKING: ETHEREUM TARGETS ZK-BASED L1 VALIDATION BY 2026... Ethereum Foundation member ladislaus.eth says Ethereum $ETH will shift block validation toward zero-knowledge proofs. The move replaces full transaction re-execution with cryptographic proof verification. Validators would rely on cryptographic proofs rather than replaying transactions. The change is outlined under the L1-zkEVM 2026 roadmap. Ethereum’s first L1-zkEVM workshop is set for Feb. 11, 2026.show more

The next evolution of KYC should use zero-knowledge proofs... to verify compliance without exposing names, income or addresses. Zero-knowledge proofs offer a different approach: verify the required claim without exposing the private data behind it. DNA Protocol is building toward that future with Groth16 proofs, private inputs kept off-ledger, and verifiable commitments anchored on the XRPL. Powered by $XDNA:show more

Buenos Aires is the first city to issue decentralized... IDs to its citizens! By integrating @Quark_ID into the miBA platform, over 3.6M Buenos Aires citizens now have control over their documents via blockchain and ZK proofs, with Era serving as the settlement layer.show more

The BIS paper lists zero-knowledge proofs and selective disclosure... as the next extension of its XRPL anchoring design. DNA Protocol is already running ZK-proof anchoring on XRPL testnet. Powered by $XDNA:show more

Destra Network| True decentralized Storage solution How Destra Decentralized... File Storage solves the centralization issues in Filecoin & IPFS Filecoin and IPFS have become synonymous with decentralized file storage, highly hyped alternatives to traditional centralized data storage systems. However, a deep dive into their architecture reveals a crucially centralized component: both networks rely on a set of centralized bootstrap nodes. Whenever a new node wants to join the Filecoin or IPFS network, it must first communicate with these bootstrap nodes to obtain information about other peers, placing complete trust in the provided information. The Filecoin team operates these bootstrap nodes on centralized cloud servers. These nodes serve as the initial points of contact for new nodes entering the network, acting as directories to facilitate the network's mesh topology, and thus are critical components of the architecture. Major Centralization Concerns: 1. Surveillance: Centralized nodes offer a concentrated point for surveillance. Authorities or malicious actors could target these nodes to gather data on user activities, node interactions, and network dynamics, posing significant privacy risks. 2. Central Control and Censorship: The operators of bootstrap nodes potentially wield significant control over the network. They can influence which parts of the network are more discoverable or enforce certain network rules, leading to a form of gatekeeping. This centralized control contrasts with the decentralization ethos of blockchain and peer-to-peer technologies. 3. Single Points of Failure: Bootstrap nodes act as central hubs through which traffic and connections are often routed, especially during the initial connection phase. This setup can create single points of failure. If these nodes are compromised, go offline, or experience technical issues, new nodes may struggle to integrate into the network, potentially taking down the whole network. At Destra, we are building the Destra Decentralized File Storage to ensure that such centralization or pseudo-decentralization has no place in our architecture. As always, we are committed to our vision of 100% decentralization, delivering an unprecedented level of decentralization to our users and the broader ecosystem. As we continue developing the Destra Decentralized File Storage, we will keep on publishing regular updates to our community.show more

Algorand's founder helped invent zero-knowledge proofs and holds computing's... top prize... Silvio Micali (Silvio Micali) co-invented Zero-Knowledge proofs, a way to prove something is true without revealing the data behind it. He shared the 2012 Turing Award with Shafi Goldwasser (Shafi Goldwasser). He also co-invented verifiable random functions (VRF). They produce a random number plus a proof anyone can check, and that can't be faked. Micali founded Algorand in 2017. Its network uses that function to privately pick who proposes each block, and the winner only reveals itself when it acts. The draw is weighted by the amount of algorand:native staked; larger holders get picked more often.show more

Trying to be one of the living proofs 🤭

🔥 Announcing the BETH Builder Grants 🔥 The Ethereum... Community Fund is launching its first Proof of Burn grant round, with $50,000 available for projects that grow the BETH ecosystem through adoption, tooling, or direct integration. BETH is live, immutable, and fully permissionless. Each token represents ETH that has been permanently removed from circulation, serving as an open and verifiable record of contribution to Ethereum’s monetary base. It’s a new primitive that builders can plug directly into their contracts, applications, and systems without external dependencies. This first grant round funds teams that can move fast, experiment, and deliver functional proofs of concept within a one-month epoch. The goal is to accelerate early integrations and establish the first generation of tools, infrastructure, and experiments that bring proof of burn to life on Ethereum.show more

To finish the series: - Deterministic chain-seeded genetic computation.... We ran a chain-seeded genetic optimiser for 32 generations and proved every single step in zero-knowledge, then folded all 32 proofs into one. The whole lineage verifies on Kaspa in a single transaction, post-quantum. You can open the tx and check it yourself. What it is: a tiny program, an evolutionary search over a 16-value genome , that mutates and selects for a lower-cost circuit design, seeded by the Kaspa chain. Over 32 generations it drove its target circuit's scored constraint count down (best target ~72 → ~50; trending down, though it's a sawtooth it rotates through three circuit types). The part that matters: every one of those 32 steps ran inside a zero-knowledge VM and was proven correct a step that didn't compute correctly simply won't verify. Then all 32 step-proofs were folded into ONE. That proof is 222 KB exactly the size of a single step, and it stays that size no matter how many generations you add. (The catch, stated plainly: folding more generations costs the prover more time; only the final proof size is constant.) Kaspa verified the entire 32-generation lineage in one transaction: 7504fa32f74aa028301290299276a707cf98ffc2766b1be0daed4c5c41883f15. Flip a single byte of the proof and the network rejects it, we tried; it's rejected. And the verification path is post-quantum: hash-based the whole way (FRI/Poseidon2 + SHA-256), no elliptic curves or pairings anywhere nothing Shor's algorithm targets.* What this is and isn't: It's a feasibility experiment on testnet. It's deterministic, chain-seeded genetic computation not AI, not intelligence. We drive each step and proved a fixed lineage we chose; it does not yet run itself on-chain (that's the next build). The core, though, is real and checkable: a program's entire computational lineage 32 generations proven correct, post-quantum, verified by Kaspa in a single shot. *STARK security rests on hash assumptions plus the Fiat-Shamir heuristic, not on any pre-quantum hardness.show more

8/ On-Chain proofs You do not have to be... a genius to find the proof Just open DexScreener -> $TRUMP -> Top Traders Some of those wallets did not even buy $TRUMP, they received it from other wallets and sold everything for MILLIONS!show more

Synk x Secret Network: A Game-Changing Partnership We’re proud... to announce our official partnership with Secret Network and, more specifically, with the Secret Network Foundation (SNF) as part of their exclusive Builders Program. This collaboration marks a significant milestone for $Synk, as we join a select group of innovators working to shape the future of confidential computing. Through this partnership, we gain unparalleled access to the Decentralized Confidential Computing (DeCC) tools as well as joining the #DeCC Alliance, fostering deeper integrations and advancements in privacy-first technologies. As part of this collaboration, the Synk Firefox App will soon be positioned as the default private browser within their ecosystem, solidifying Synk’s role as a key player in the Web3 space. This is just the beginning. With Secret Network as a major partner, Synk is entering a transformative phase. Together, we will integrate groundbreaking applications into the Synk OS, leveraging the full potential of confidential computing to deliver unmatched tools and experiences to our users. The future of privacy and Web3 innovation is here—and it’s powered by Synk and Secret Network.show more

It's here - Avail's Clash of Nodes incentivized testnet... is officially up and running! 🌟 This is a major step towards Mainnet, with a chance for validators, light clients, and everyone to test our network, earn points, and more. Ready for a journey? Here's what's ahead... We’re calling all validators, light client enthusiasts, and blockchain buffs -- Clash of Nodes is your playground. Rack up points, top the leaderboard, and embrace the challenges for a mix of fun and potential perks to come. We’re looking for those who’ll step up to the challenge: • Validators who consistently validate the chain throughout the testing period • Full nodes and light clients who complete challenges to mimic a world full of rollups on Avail • Brave validators and participants who help us simulate disaster scenarios Dive into the Details: Here's a snapshot of the specific challenges that await in Clash of Nodes. 🛡️ Gladiator's Entry: Show your mettle by becoming a block authoring champion. Outlast and outperform, one block at a time. The more you author, the higher you score. ⚖️ Noble Warrior: Uphold the validator's code. Stay active, avoid penalties, and keep your record clean. Honor earns points, while lapses cost you. 🔍 Finding Yourself: Embrace the quest of self-discovery by adding and verifying your identity. Prove who you are and carve your name in the annals of Avail. Each challenge is your chance to shine and shape the future of Avail. Here's the game plan: 1️⃣ The first invites will go to our existing validators from the Kate Testnet. Their unwavering support earns them the vanguard spots. 2️⃣ To the newcomers: Every validator will get their turn as we're setting the stage for 300 in this testnet. 3️⃣ We’ll share more challenges on how anybody of any technical ability can participate. Remember, we're still in test mode. Expect the occasional hiccup during the testing phase. Your insights are essential to building a robust Mainnet - even if that means taking on some big bugs. 🚧 To every blockchain visionary, from validators to app rollup devs, you're the architects of this rollup revolution. We’re excited to see what you build, and how you compete. Read more: 🛠️🚀show more