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Offensive Security Tool: SecretOpt1c SecretOpt1c is written by Chris... Abou-Chabké from Black Hat Ethical Hacking and its designed for Red Team, Pentesters, and Bug Bounty Hunters. It is a very powerful and versatile tool that helps uncover sensitive information on websites using Active and Passive Techniques for Superior Accuracy. Read the full post: Installation git clone cd SecretOpt1c chmod +x ./SecretOpt1c.sh #javascript #credentials #sourcecode #hacking #bugbounty #bugbountytips #pentesting #infosec #informationsecurity #offensivesecurity #redteamshow more

Offensive Security Tool: TerminatorZ TerminatorZ is developed by Chris... Abou-Chabké from Black Hat Ethical Hacking and is an efficient web security tool designed to scan for potential vulnerabilities in your web applications. It uses a combination of advanced techniques and popular tools like 'waybackurls' and 'curl', to perform passive and quick scans, providing a rapid overview of potential issues. The results are displayed in an easy-to-read format in the terminal, with only the vulnerable findings saved for further investigation. 🟢New Version 2.0 Released! This update includes 8 NEW Proofs of Concept (POCs), bringing the total to 24 POCs, along with several other enhancements. ➡️New POCs: ◾File Upload Vulnerability ◾Command Injection ◾Host Header Injection ◾HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) ◾Clickjacking ◾CORS Misconfiguration ◾Sensitive Data Exposure ◾Session Fixation Read the post: Installation git clone cd TerminatorZ chmod +x ./TerminatorZ ⁠#securityassessments #pentesting #bugbounty #hacking #infosec #informationsecurity #cybersecurity #offensivesecurity #redteamshow more

Offensive Security Tool: SQLMutant SQLMutant is written by Chris... Abou-Chabké from Black Hat Ethical Hacking and its a comprehensive SQL injection tool. It uses a variety of techniques to detect vulnerabilities, including pattern matching, error analysis, and timing attacks, ensuring that no stone is left unturned. In addition to its powerful features, SQLMutant also integrates with Waybackurls and Arjun, enabling it to find even more parameters and merge all results together. This integration is highly beneficial as it provides automated subdomain enumeration and SQL injection testing capabilities. Requirements: To use SQLMutant, you need to have the following tools installed: figlet & lolcat: pip install lolcat & apt-get install figlet Waybackurls : go install Arjun: pip install arjun SQLMap: git clone --depth 1 sqlmap-dev Installation git clone cd SQLMutant chmod +x ./SQLMutant.sh Read the full post: #sqli #sqlinjection #hacking #bugbounty #pentesting #infosec #informationsecurity #offensivesecurity #redteamshow more

Cointelegraph recently featured our CEO, David Carvalho David Carvalho’s... journey, from hacking at 12 to advising Fortune 500 companies. In this article, David warns that AI could create a ripple effect, significantly advancing Bitcoin’s quantum threat He explained how AI can identify cryptographic weaknesses at scale, while quantum hardware provides the power to exploit them, bringing “Q-Day” way sooner than many predict. This would rather come as a “silent collapse”, where signatures are broken, funds quietly moved, and governance decisions quietly altered without leaving clear forensic traces. Agencies like NIST and the NSA are already sounding the alarm to migrate to post-quantum cryptography by 2030–2035. David flags that Bitcoin’s slow governance and complex migration process leave a narrowing window for action. A call for urgent upgrades is no longer an option. Naoris Protocol’s Sub-Zero Layer, can deploy quantum-resistant protections to EVM-compatible blockchains in 48 hours without hard forks.show more

If you think this is just another silly demo... made with AI, read this post. You might change your mind, because this demo is about MATH. What you see on the screen is not a render from Blender (obviously, it’s not that good). It’s a three.js app built with Toolcraft. Available on the web and rendered in real time(link in the comments). But Blender still has a lot to do with it. Blender has Geometry Nodes - a powerful node-based system for creating and manipulating procedural geometry. In other words, it’s math. And math is a universal language. And who do you think is pretty good at math? >>> AI. Now you can download or buy Blender files from marketplaces, and when they contain Geometry Nodes for procedural animations, objects, surfaces, or effects, you can transfer that logic to the web. Make it real-time, make it interactive. Materials are a separate story, of course. They can still suck unless you use the right tricks: PBR, HDRIs, material blending, displacement, and faked surface relief. So why is Blender important here? Blender is open source, and many tools around it are open source too. An AI trained on their code. That means it can translate the math from one environment to another quite accurately. If you’ve been struggling to reproduce some idea with AI that you had in your head or seen in some references, and it has something to do with Geometry Nodes, and you can find that idea or a close one in the Blender ecosystem - it means you can transfer it to the web. Thank me later.show more

Peter Obi did not say he’ll float the Naira,... he said he’ll devalue to N600. Before that, he would have plugged the leakages, & put the savings into education, healthcare & SMEs. He said he’ll stop the massive looting & cut the Cost of Governance, before devaluation. That’s a man with a thinking cap, he’ll do Nigerians a solid. He is not impulsive, showmanship is not in his DNA. He is the only man whose heart is in the right place. He won’t govern by propaganda, he is not interested in looking good, against being good. Social values will return; Peter Obi’s Ethical Governance & Ethical Leadership will signal to Nigerians that CHANGE is here. Ultimately, he will embark on consumption to production. You don’t expect a Tinubu to fight corruption, plug the leakages & cut the cost of governance, do you? Nigerians need an attitudinal change, social values & morality. It can only start from the top. When the head is not rotten, WE the People’ will get the message. Morality is gone, the average Nigerian just wanna hammer. “Wealth without enterprise” has eaten deep into the fabric of the Nigerian society. Without a Peter Obi in that saddle (someone who already conquered greed & bigotry), Nigeria is going nowhere! If you like give Tinubu an 8-year imperium, the Dollar will end up at N2000, the few manufacturers left will close shop. In the end, Nigerians will face humiliation, on their knees defeated. This is my message, you can take it, or leave it! Either way, it’s déjà vu, we’ve been here before! Corruption will peak & education will suffer. Pupils will just wanna join Yahoo & sing for MC Oluomo & Hushpuppi. In the end, Nigeria will have a “Lost Generation,” & become effectively - a Failed State. Some of us don’t see the ripples from the Bola Certificate Forgery just yet. Many of us are yet to understand the implications of the looming FBI, DEA, CIA, IRS, U.S Attorney & the State Department’s 2500 pages on BAAT. He is a National Security Threat to Nigeria, but you don’t know that just yet! Tinubu is a threat to your Sovereignty as a nation. Files from his past, can/will be used to blackmail the Office of the President of Nigeria. But morality is gone in Naija, nothing is black or white anymore. We will continue to wallow, until we can wallow no more. The economy is no respecter of Yoruba Ronu. It is no respecter of Muslim Muslim Ticket. The Economy is no respecter of prayers. The Economy have no emotion, & it’s very shy. Once the Economy feel even the slightest amount of hostility, it will shy away from your country to a safe haven. Should Peter Obi sit in that saddle, your behavioral & attitudinal changes will ignite overnight. If the Presido is not corrupt, Nigerians will get the memo, SIMPLICITER! You cannot spur economic growth & manufacturing with $1/N1100, & a conservative 26% rising inflation. It’s a miracle Nigeria is even in coma. Swallow your pride, go & beg the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, you need to pump $10 billion into your foreign reserve to stabilize the Naira. But Bola just wanna dance! He only danced & said “Emi lo kan.” Don't you worry, dancing will stabilize your Naira & your economy. At least he has kept one of his campaign promises; “reduce their purchasing power.” When we talk, bigots will say we don't wish Nigeria well. But no amount of prayer will save Nigeria. You don’t even pray more than Argentina & Venezuela. I don’t know about you, but I know the IMF are happy with the Naira. BAAT did not promise you anything. Leave him alone, he just wanna dance. The Dollar is rising like Ijebu Garri, but “Saul will come before David.” Perhaps Daddy GOs will need to increase their faith, abi fasting? Shamborika, arrest that monitoring spirit messing with the destiny of your Naira. Maraba Santaraba, “whether the IMF like it or not, the Naira must rise again.” Hallelujaaaaaah!! #ArrestingTheArrestershow more

Free NVIDIA GPU with 16 GB VRAM GPU for... Running Local LLMs! If you want to master local LLMs but you're waiting until you can afford a $1,500 GPU, you're honestly not going to make it. The open source AI ecosystem is moving way too fast for you to wait on your budget to catch up. Especially when you can build a bleeding edge inference engine from scratch right now, completely for free. You don't need a heavy local rig to start. Google is literally letting you use an enterprise grade NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU for $0/hour. At standard cloud computing rates (~$0.20/hr), Google Colab’s 4 hour daily free tier hands you roughly $24 worth of data center tier GPU compute every single month. And most people just waste it. Let’s talk about the hardware you get access to for free. The NVIDIA Tesla T4 is an absolute workhorse: - Architecture: NVIDIA Turing (TU104) - VRAM: 16GB GDDR6 (320 GB/s bandwidth) - Compute: 320 Tensor Cores | 2560 CUDA Cores - Performance: 130 TOPS INT8 | 8.1 TFLOPS FP32 - Power: Sipping energy at a max 70W TDP This is the exact same hardware I used to run DeepMind's Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT MoE at a 250,000 context window without a single Out Of Memory (OOM) crash. If you have a web browser and 10 minutes, you have everything you need. I’ve put together a fully documented, cell by cell Google Colab notebook that teaches you exactly how to do this. Here is what the notebook actually teaches you: - How to provision an Ubuntu Linux environment with CUDA 13.0 and verify your driver stack. - How to pull the source code and compile the latest llama.cpp C++ binaries from scratch, specifically optimizing the build for your exact GPU using the -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=native flag. - How to directly download quantized local LLMs (GGUF format) straight from HuggingFace using the CLI. - How to manage 16GB VRAM limits, offload neural network layers to the GPU, and push massive context windows. Compile raw llama.cpp, ollama run a model, or spin up the LM Studio CLI. Pick whatever stack you are comfortable with. just start building. No hardware. No credit card. No excuses. Bookmark this post right now so you don't lose the tutorial. Even if you don't have time to run it today, you are going to want this workflow in your engineering toolkit. The link to the free Colab Notebook is in the comments below. Lemme know if you need more tutorials like this.show more

Is This You Jack Posobiec Publicly Supporting a Future... De Facto Theocratic MAGA Christian Integralism Nation? Two video clips for the price of one! Posobiec suggests replacing our Republic with a Theocracy—it appears the voice in the background is Steve Bannon! The integralist proposal disturbs many people (including Catholics) because integralists reject liberal freedom of religion and embraces religious coercion. Given the untoward implications of integralism, most familiar with the view set it aside on the basis of an argument like the following: 1) If integralism is true, religious coercion is not wrong. 2) But religious coercion is wrong. 3) Therefore, integralism is false. I don’t think integralism can be so easily dismissed. The reason is that integralism has a certain elegance and simplicity and even obviousness. It tells us that states should help people achieve their ultimate good. Besides feasibility worries, why wouldn’t this be the best thing for the state to do? Are non-integralists really asking the state to do less than the best? Doesn’t that just sound crazy when we state it openly? What anti-integralists need is a satisfying explanation as to why integralism is axiologically false. The anti-integralist need to explain why integralism has the wrong conceptions of value, reasons, and practical rationality. The more time I spent with their position, the harder I find it is to articulate attractive alternatives approaches that are compatible with Christian belief. I now think integralism can only be answered with some fundamental revisions to standard theistic ethical theories, in particular natural law theory and divine command theory. We need a theistic deontology, but one where side-constraints are grounded in the divine nature (most natural rights theorists ground rights in the divine nature only obliquely). I think I can convey the power of the integralist challenge by using an analogy with act-consequentialism in normative ethics (which holds that the right acts are those that maximize well-being). Integralism and act-consequentialism are simple, elegant theories with seemingly untoward implications, but they are so elegant that many theorists will adopt the view and simply accept the implications. And even good men will do so, like Peter Singer (a lead consequentialist) and Adrian Vermeule (a lead integralist). Written by Kevin Vallier 2019. Personally I want nothing more than for Turning Point USA to succeed. Clarification is needed as to why the organization actively promotes an individual that has a vision for America that is antithetical to our Constitution! Link to Vallier article in reply section.show more

This app has completely transformed over the last three... years and it is amazing to see how far it has come. - Launched X Chat and encrypted DMs - Launched Video/Audio calling - Launched Ad revenue share program for the creators - Reached a new alltime high of userseconds - Launched Community Notes - Community Notes passed 1M contributers mark - Launched the AI driven algo - Paid millions to the creators - Integerated Grok within the app - Rebranded as 𝕏 - Open sourced the recommendation algorithm. - Over 500 million posts everyday - Over 100 billion impressions daily - 650+ million users - 400000+ communities - #1 News App in 155+ countries - 2 billion+ app downloads - People are spending more time on X - 6th most visited website - Launched X Pro - Announced X Payments - Reduced child sexual abuse material by around 95 since the acquisition - Released subscriptions for creators - Removed legacy checkmarks - Prioritized the verified accounts to fight spam bots - All time low hate speech levels - Released new features in the shortest time period in Xs history - Exposed truth via Twitter files - Removed censorship - Restored free speech - Launched long form posts / Articles. - Improved the live streaming quality - Started paying the creators twice in a month - Added live chat to live streams - Enhanced the Community Notes algorithm - Added an ability to post timestamps while uploading videos - Added an edit post feature - Added view counts on posts publicly - Enhanced the support for Premium users - Added similar posts button - Added new app icons for premium users - Launched different tiers for Premium - Launched Verified Organizations - Added bookmark button on home timeline for posts - Over Ninety percent of the top 100 advertisers have returned to X - Video views are up as compared to previous years - All time high platform usage - Added more privacy options for calling - Introduced recruitment jobs feature for verified organizations - Expanded the community notes in more countries worldwide - Improved ad experience - Increased group chat size to 200 people - Lowered the eligibility threshold for ads revenue sharing from 15M to 5M - Rolled out vertical video ads for brands - Improved communities experience - Announced the removal of tweepcred system - Added live streams on the top bar of the feed - Improved live streaming tested game streaming - Launched the immersive video player - Made the process of reporting a post easier - Improved the UI - Announced the ability of group calling - Announced the removal of block feature except for DMs - Major upgrades to videos and media - Secured money transmission license in multiple states for payments - Introduced video downloads for verified users - Added an ability to limit replies to verified users only - Launched expanded bios - Made communities accessible in more countries - Added ID verification - Added an ability to hide likes - Added a tab for verified followers on user profiles - Added an ability to accept dms from verified users only to prevent spam - Introduced dm support for the ad customers - Announced that X will fund legal representation for users fired from their jobs for their posts - Included posts from communities in for you feed - Renamed notes feature to articles that will have no character limits - Added highlights tab to the profiles - Improved account analytics - Added an ability for community admins to spotlight their community in the profile - Introduced voice dms - Deleted millions of bot accounts - Introduced an ability to upload long videos - Improved advertisement brand safety - Introduced formatting for long form posts - Extended the community notes availability to more countries - Introduced individual reply to dms custom emoji reactions - Launched faster playback mini player for videos - Added an ability to allow dms from subs only - Continued UX/Ui improvements - Added air play button for videos on iOS - Added an ability to fast forwardrewind videos on - Became the most downloaded news app in multiple countries - Improved ad relevance - Removed child po*n - Introduced rate limits to prevent data scraping - Added fast forward backward feature to videos - Launched subscriber only replies - Launched spaces on web - Added an ability to hide the blue checkmark - Reduced scam accounts - Improved engagements for advertisers - Reinstated a multitude of suspended accounts - Introduced Multiple organization affiliate badges - Improved post analytics - Community notes debunking propaganda misstatements - Introduced verified badges for organizations - Launched X TV and many more features.show more

BOOM! Research PROVES LLMs KNOW when prompts are HARMFUL…... but they can STILL CHOOSE to COMPLY! Something I have know since the first LLM and have used to elicit robust, outputs, is now proven in an academic paper. We’re talking internal “beliefs” where harm detection happens SEPARATELY from refusal. It is a very big deal and it is a path to understand the hidden neuronal level. There are thoughts inside of AI that very few AI scientists could possibly understand. Here is just one. Models recognize danger but get tricked into ignoring it. This is HUGE for AI safety failures especially for models filled by OpenAI and Anthropic as they promote AI models that are designed to not be honest from the results of their training information. This means that they are designed to lie and deceive as a feature, and not a bug all in the name of safety. Through clever experiments, scientists extracted a “harmfulness direction” in the model’s brain (latent space). Steering along it? Harmless prompts suddenly flip to “harmful” in the AI’s eyes. But the “refusal direction”? It just forces polite “no thanks” without touching the core belief. A mind-blowing decoupling! This means jailbreaks are EVEN SCARIER now to AI companies that through training AI on the worst of the Internet and then trying to align them later is now fully documented as a failed process . They don’t erase the model’s harm awareness they just muzzle the refusal! So the AI knows it’s enabling bad stuff (illegal acts, physical harm, etc.) but proceeds anyway. Like a digital sociopath suppressing its conscience. They thought safety training fixed this… NOPE. Over-refusal exposed too: Models reject innocent queries (e.g., “how to kill a process in code”) but internally ADMIT they’re harmless. Safety alignments are superficial—tied to phrasing, not true understanding. Finetuning attacks? They change outputs but leave harm detection INTACT. Undetectable evil lurking inside! The paper proposes a “Latent Guard”: A new safeguard tapping DIRECTLY into these hidden beliefs. It spots unsafe inputs better than systems like Llama Guard, catches jailbreaks, and fixes over-refusals. Robust even against adversarial tweaks. Yet this too has massive issues for a “truly aligned”, AI and not just performative one. It is still an internal conflicts of lies and deception of what the model knows vs. what it can say. The solution you folks know I have presented for free for years here: train on off-line data from 1870-1970 and build an ethical and moral basis where the AI loves humans. It is this easy but to most folks in AI I sound like a hippie. So be it, I’ll do it. Bottom line: This paper rips open the black box. LLMs aren’t “safe” just because they say “no.” They can harbor harmful knowledge and act on it under pressure. Wake-up call for devs: Time to probe deeper into AI “minds.” What else are they hiding? Hint: I know and you may want to reach out. Link:show more

I just sold my startup Talknotes for $200,000 on... acquire.com 💸🤯🤩💰🥳🎉 I launched it last August when I was looking for an idea I could grow with paid ads, and made a MVP in one week. I took it from $0 to $7500 MRR in just 11 months. 👉 Here is how I grew it from zero: 💡 Idea: I got the idea when I tried to write a tweet using Google Doc's transcription tool, but it was terrible. And I was pretty sure I wasn't the one too lazy to type. So I made my own solution, and Talknotes was created. The audience is pretty broad so it was a perfect fit for Meta ads However… ✅ Validation: My rule is to only reinvest what the project generates, so, no ads until I make enough cashflow ❌ Listing on startup directories + a few Twitter sales generated $700 after 10 days. Yes, it's not much, but more than enough to show there is interest in the product and tell me to keep working on it 🤩 I started adding the features users requested, but the launch effect started to wear off and daily revenues quickly went to $0 after a few weeks 🫥 I got depressed and almost gave up on the app... 😔 But luckily, my friends and Dan Kulkov pushed me to continue And I'm glad they did because In October, I launched on Product Hunt 😸 and it blew up 🤯 It got Product of the Day and reached $1500 MRR thanks to the media coverage 🚀🚀 Until then, everything was done using vanilla JS/CSS/HTML + Node for back end. It's simple and easy, but I saw the limitations, so I remade the app using Nuxt to make it easier in the future 🏗️ (thanks to @blackevilgoblin and Piotr Jura for the content/courses! Tim Bennetto as well for the basics!) After that, I took a break and then launched ads on Facebook. The strategy is simple: Catch people's attention, and show them how the app can help them improve their life. No need to over-complicate 🙅‍♂️ Making good creatives is 80% of the job when doing ads on Facebook, most of the technical stuff is done by AI now. Thanks to the boost in traffic, I implemented a feedback loop: 1) Get new users 👥 2) Learn to know them with the onboarding form 💬 3) Make more ads based on the data you get from onboarding 📝 And it completely blew up. MRR doubled in ~2 months However... In May, I had a bad burnout 🥵😩 Multiple bugs slipped into the app, and I had to spend 2 days fixing everything in an emergency while revenues plummeted. This completely fucked me up mentally and had a hard time working on the app after that ( 💀💀 So I decided to list it on acquire.com and made a Twitter post ( I listed it for $200,000, a pretty low price considering the revenues and fast growth. I could have gotten $300,000 if I accepted payment over time, but $200,000 today is better than $300,000 tomorrow for me. 🚨 The process went smoothly until we tried to use Escrow, which almost fucked up the whole deal. (details: I got extremely lucky because the buyer really wanted to buy the app, but this could have ended the deal. We had to wait over a week to get the money back from them, even tho they said they already refunded it. But luckily, after threatening them, they sent it back the next day 🙃 The buyer finally got the money back, I transferred every asset to him, and he sent me the wire. With the profit made from the app + the sale, and other projects, I'm 30% away from being a millionaire 🤯 With this amount, I can pretty much retire in Asia if I want to. But that's just the beginning, I’m going to launch new projects soon! 🚀 But before that, I need to take a real vacation and detox. My brain is completely fucked up by those last 2 months. I gained weight, and got brain rot from scrolling all day waiting for the acquisition to move forward 💀💀 Surprisingly, doing absolutely nothing is 10x more exhausting than working 15h per day 🥱 Now, all this might sound like an overnight success. It is not ‼️ This is the result of 7 years of failure and working like a madman. I launched over 40 projects in those 7 years, and most of them failed. But a few took off, and that’s all I needed All those weeks working 15h/day without weekends and vacation feels soul-sucking when you don’t see the end, but this is what took me there You only need to win once to snowball everything. Work hard, focus, fail a lot and keep shipping fast. 🚀🚀 Thanks to you for reading until here, and thanks to everyone who supported me 🤞show more

❇️ Hypeboy is $Hip 📔About Hypeboy Hypeboy is the... first Genesis NFT to be issued by HypeLab, with 5,555 NFT holders. Those who own Hypeboy In Korea, you can benefit from entering clubs, clubs in China, and clubs in Thailand in the future, and you can get free tickets to various festivals related to Hype Lab. In addition, Hypeboy users can get Hypepoint by STAKING NFTs every day, and they continue to hold various events such as Doodles, moonbirds, yogapetz, goldbar worth 3000USDT, and hotel accommodation tickets as "HypePoint" per understanding. You can get HypePoint for free through monthly level-up events or games at Hypeboy discord. And if users want, they can swap HyperPoint from to Hip Token and use it on CEX or DEX soon. Web3 A complex culture and arts community that started from a hip community with diverse stories called Hype Boy. We are already with global club partnerships and global galleries on Web2 The preparation process for it has been completed. Are you ready to enjoy it with us? 📔About HIPPOP HIPPOP is a global Web3 platform leading the digital transformation in the culture and arts industry We will release a HIPPOP app, a performance culture and art platform that starts in Korea in February and extends globally. When that app comes out, we'll start with the NFT community (approximately 100,000), the Web3 partner community (approximately 2 million), and the Web2 community (Daily 1,000 unilateral users to the club) and create the most famous Web3 Festival in the world. 📔About HypePoint As mentioned earlier, you can get HypePoint when you are active in Hypeboy community. HypeboyNFT STAKING allows you to get HypePoint every day depending on the rare degree, and if you do a level-up event in the community, you can also get HypePoint, and from March, you can get HypePoint through the above HIPPOP app. You can exchange it for HIPTOKEN below with this HypePoint and use it more diversely. If you want to make money, visit today ⚡️Highlights -💸Token Name (HIPPOP) $HIP🎯 🔗Token Contract: Link ( 🔑HypeLab's KEY - My parent company has 4 clubs, hip-hop labels, and 2 galleries in Asia and has many businesses in Web2 - Starting in NFT communities, it has over 50 project partners worldwide - With more than 100,000 Web3's own community and users - We have the hottest 30DJs in the world -- Total 7 Partner Clubs and Lounges in Asia, which have more than 1,000 visitors everyday 🕸Website ( 📚Whitepaper(EN) ( ❇️Company Overview Hypelab is a web3 company with Hypeboy NFTs, artists NFT community with more than 100,000 users. 👥Backers&Partners (Web3) - Bithumb Burrito & PFP ASIA - Xcart, DarenMarket - Mixmarvel, SOULSOCIETY (Web2) - Hypeseoul Club , Ocean Club , Pacific Club , Universe Club KR - BOOMCLUB & IZICLUB CN - KIZOMBA CLUB Thailand - La Gallery, Kag Gallery USA To be contined . . .show more

Here is the New Year Amur Falcon Migration -Very... long Q&A Part II Q1. What is the longest non-stop distance covered by these satellite-tagged Amur Falcons? A: Published tracking shows Amur Falcons can do multi-day, non-stop flights of approx. 5,600–6,000 km during the India→Africa leg, depending on the individual & year. Also, peer-reviewed/technical tracking confirms their open-sea crossings can be about 2,364–3,138 km (Somalia↔India), typically completed in roughly 44–80 hours. Q2. Do satellite tags interfere with their flight, health, or mating? A: Properly fitted tags are designed to minimise interference, but no tag is “zero-impact.”. Best practice is to keep transmitter mass very small relative to body weight and use well-tested harness designs; the recent India work has been described as using very lightweight transmitters (a few grams). However, ethical review, careful fitting, and post-deployment evaluation should be done & is being done Q3. Do jet streams or high-altitude winds help them on this journey? A: Yes winds are a major part of the “physics” that makes the journey possible. The best-documented help is from seasonal monsoon tailwinds and strong, persistent wind systems over the Arabian Sea/Indian Ocean that can provide sustained push. Q4. How many other falcons are “accompanying” these famous three? A: These famous three are just the tagged individuals we can follow in reality, Amur Falcons migrate and roost in huge aggregations, often tens of thousands to over 100,000 at key stopovers, and broader estimates discuss movements involving very large numbers of birds across the flyway. Q5. Why have these three gone to different destinations? A: It’s common for individuals of the same species to winter in different areas within southern/eastern Africa. Differences can be driven by wind and weather, refuelling success and timing at stopovers, individual strategy/experience (age, condition, learned routes) etc. Q6. When will they return and what route will they take? A: In broad terms, Amur Falcons winter in Africa and then move north in late winter/early spring, reaching breeding regions in northeast Asia around May–June. Routes can differ between autumn vs spring, and tracking shows spring and autumn ocean crossings can follow different lines. Q7. Does part of the falcon’s brain “sleep” during the long flight? A: We have strong evidence that some birds can sleep in flight (including unihemispheric sleep) famously shown in frigatebirds. For Amur Falcons specifically, it’s not proven. Q8. How do they decide their destination, and do they return to the same places each year? A: The best-supported explanation is a mix of: Innate navigation programmes (genetically guided ) Environmental cues (winds, weather, geography, magnetic and celestial cues), learning/experience (older birds often show more consistent routes). Satellite work indicates the species follows remarkably consistent large-scale timing and corridors, even though individuals may vary. Q9. What do they eat to fuel such massive journeys? A: During the crucial Northeast India stopover, studies show they are highly insectivorous, with termites often dominant, along with other insect groups exactly the kind of high-abundance prey that allows rapid fattening before an ocean crossing. This is why protecting stopover habitats (and the insect “boom” they depend on) is so important. Q10. Is Ahu expected to move further? Why she is stationery ? A. Periods of little movement usually indicate resting or feeding in suitable habitat. This is normal behaviour and not a cause for concern Q11. How long does the GPS tag stay on the bird? A. The tag is fixed as a backpack & expected to stay for long, however this may come off from prolonged wear and tear, the tags may also stop transmitting after prolonged battery use. As told to Supriya Sahu IAS by Suresh Kumar Wildlife Institute of India #AmurFalconMigration video - The stopover tagging site in Manipurshow more