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A creature smaller than your fingernail just solved the hardest problem in evolutionary biology. This male peacock spider weighs less than a grain of rice. His brain contains roughly 100,000 neurons. For comparison, a honeybee has a million. Yet this tiny spider executes a courtship routine so intricate that...

341,832 views • 2 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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Paralyzed man moves robotic arm with his thoughts | University of California San Francisco Researchers at UC San Francisco have enabled a man who is paralyzed to control a robotic arm through a device that relays signals from his brain to a computer. He was able to grasp, move and drop objects just by imagining himself performing the actions. The device, known as a brain-computer interface (BCI), worked for a record 7 months without needing to be adjusted. Until now, such devices have only worked for a day or two. The BCI relies on an AI model that can adjust to the small changes that take place in the brain as a person repeats a movement -- or in this case, an imagined movement -- and learns to do it in a more refined way. "This blending of learning between humans and AI is the next phase for these brain-computer interfaces," said neurologist, Karunesh Ganguly, MD, PhD, a professor of neurology and a member of the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences. "It's what we need to achieve sophisticated, lifelike function." The study, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health, appears March 6 in Cell. The key was the discovery of how activity shifts in the brain day to day as a study participant repeatedly imagined making specific movements. Once the AI was programmed to account for those shifts, it worked for months at a time. Location, location, location Ganguly studied how patterns of brain activity in animals represent specific movements and saw that these representations changed day-to-day as the animal learned. He suspected the same thing was happening in humans, and that was why their BCIs so quickly lost the ability to recognize these patterns. Ganguly and neurology researcher Nikhilesh Natraj, PhD, worked with a study participant who had been paralyzed by a stroke years earlier. He could not speak or move. He had tiny sensors implanted on the surface of his brain that could pick up brain activity when he imagined moving. To see whether his brain patterns changed over time, Ganguly asked the participant to imagine moving different parts of his body, like his hands, feet or head. Although he couldn't actually move, the participant's brain could still produce the signals for a movement when he imagined himself doing it. The BCI recorded the brain's representations of these movements through the sensors on his brain. Ganguly's team found that the shape of representations in the brain stayed the same, but their locations shifted slightly from day to day. From virtual to reality Ganguly then asked the participant to imagine himself making simple movements with his fingers, hands or thumbs over the course of two weeks, while the sensors recorded his brain activity to train the AI. Then, the participant tried to control a robotic arm and hand. But the movements still weren't very precise. So, Ganguly had the participant practice on a virtual robot arm that gave him feedback on the accuracy of his visualizations. Eventually, he got the virtual arm to do what he wanted it to do. Once the participant began practicing with the real robot arm, it only took a few practice sessions for him to transfer his skills to the real world. He could make the robotic arm pick up blocks, turn them and move them to new locations. He was even able to open a cabinet, take out a cup and hold it up to a water dispenser. Months later, the participant was still able to control the robotic arm after a 15-minute "tune-up" to adjust for how his movement representations had drifted since he had begun using the device. Ganguly is now refining the AI models to make the robotic arm move faster and more smoothly, and planning to test the BCI in a home environment. For people with paralysis, the ability to feed themselves or get a drink of water would be life changing. Ganguly thinks this is within reach. "I'm very confident that we've learned how to build the system now, and that we can make this work," he said. Read more:

Owen Gregorian

38,092 views • 1 year ago

Your observations are almost correct, but your conclusions are not. What you see flying out, as what others thought was his ear piece, is not his ear piece. It is his chain he had around his neck, with, what I am pretty certain, a cross on it, which all Christians would wear, if they have a chain on their necks. So, what apparently happened, which seems so astronomically unlikely, is the bullet did not hit him in the neck first, but hit him in the chest, and to be more specific in that cross. So, after a hit into that cross, his chain snaps, and it is that which you see flying out backwards. When the chain snaps, and starts flying up and backwards, it also pulls up the front edge of is shirt, in less than 0.1 sec. So, that is how that anomaly is explained at the same time. What happens next, is his mic had a wire under his shirt. It kind of just laid in the back of his neck, going around his shoulder, and disappearing under his shirt on the front. That wire must have had some contact with this chain, or even being wrapped around it like may be just one turn. So, when that chain snaps and starts flying backwards, it starts pulling on his mic at the same time. Just the mic had a wire that was most certainly lose a little bit. So, that is why that responds with a few tens of a second delay. But still, the mic also, after jerking around for a few tens of a second disappears completely of his shirt. So, basically, the bullet hits his cross first, which is on his chain, would explain all of these anomalies at the same time, including the wire on the back of his neck being pulled around from the front, and thus bulging his shirt in the back a little bit. If you pay all of this is slow motion, you will see that it all gets seqeuenced correctly. And the last thing to note, is after hitting his cross, and getting deflected, the bullet now would start going up, instead of forward, and would go up into his neck from the bottom up, and disappear into his head. That would also explain at the same time why there is no exit wound. Because his skull would stop the bullet from exiting. One side note, not related to all of these anomalies, but still a necessary thing to keep in mind - that alleged high velocity bullet Mauser 30_06, could not have possibly be the weapon used, as that bullet would have taken one third of his neck out. For everything to be explained correctly, no Mauser, or any other kind of shotgun could have been used. Another, much smaller caliber weapon had to be used, like some kind of a hand gun, and from a much closer distance too, as a hand gun without the scope, from a far way roof would just not work. And so, that is how all of this happened. I know this was long. But this is one bizarre, super difficult to crack episode. So, I could not make it any shorter.

US_did_ 911

31,087 views • 9 months ago