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A mathematician solved a problem that stood open for over 100 years, then explained it in an Italian lecture hall to a few dozen people. This is Hong Wang, professor at NYU's Courant Institute and at IHES in Paris, delivering the Colloquium Patavinum on Kakeya sets in 3 dimensions....

13,485 просмотров • 1 месяц назад •via X (Twitter)

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An MIT mathematician spent the last decade building one equation that assigns every chart pattern on Wall Street a precise probability of having been drawn by pure random noise. She filmed the entire framework in a 110-minute lecture and put it on YouTube for nothing. Millions of traders draw trendlines every day. Almost none have watched it. Her name is Yilin Wang. She is a mathematician at MIT, previously at ETH Zurich, and winner of the 2023 Salem Prize, the highest recognition for a young mathematician working in analysis. The 110-minute video in this post is one of her seminars on Schramm-Loewner Evolution and Loewner energy, filmed at a chalkboard in a small university lecture hall. MIT charges $85,000 a year to sit in a room like that. She posted the entire talk to YouTube for free. Wang covers the mathematical foundation of "how random is this pattern" in one afternoon. Schramm-Loewner Evolution. A family of random curves that turned out to be the scaling limit of almost every 2D random system physicists ever studied: percolation, the Ising model, self-avoiding walks. Driving function. Every SLE curve is encoded by one 1D signal, a Brownian motion that steers it. Extract that signal from a price chart and you can measure exactly how far the chart is from pure noise. Loewner energy. The number Wang built her career on. It assigns to every smooth curve on the plane a single real value between zero and infinity. A perfect circle gets zero. Every other shape costs energy. Large deviation principle. The probability that a random SLE curve looks approximately like a given shape decays like exp of minus its Loewner energy divided by kappa. Low energy shapes are almost indistinguishable from noise. High energy shapes noise would essentially never draw. Every quant fund on Wall Street pays PhD statisticians $500,000 a year to formalize exactly this question: is the pattern on the screen a signal, or is it something pure randomness would have drawn anyway. Wang wrote the closed-form answer at a chalkboard, in one lecture, for nothing. "The most surprising fact about a random curve is not how random it looks. It is how much of what humans call a pattern is exactly what pure randomness would have drawn." That is a paraphrase of the framing she returns to across the seminar. The lecture is free on YouTube. The paper introducing Loewner energy is free on arXiv. The full framework fits in under forty pages. The formula is free. The willingness to measure the energy of a chart before betting a mortgage on the pattern is a much rarer commodity than the confidence to draw the trendline without it.

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David Simon on the barriers "The Wire" (2002-2008) faced: "Interviewer: Do you think the fact you're telling stories in different ways than is traditional, and it has this darkness to it, was that the big barrier to the show becoming more popular than it was? Would you say it was the racial makeup of the cast? Simon: There were a lot of barriers. The racial makeup of the cast was problematic and we knew that going in. The complexity of the serial itself -- the fact that you couldn't miss a couple of episodes and feel comfortable watching it. Though I think that HBO was a wonderful vehicle for that with the multiple viewings, the DVDs and ultimately with On Demand. It was less of a problem as the show went on. It was also less of a problem as people who watched the show got used to its rhythms. The first season was on some level training the audience to watch television a little bit differently, and reducing the expectations in terms of pacing, in terms of cliffhangers, in terms of the requirement to absorb detail or even to look for symbolism. Those were problems. The other problem is, no easy gratifications, other than some real effort at careful characterization and humor. That was it. Without the humor, it would have been unbearable. Without an acknowledgement of the humanity of the characters, despite all their flaws, their vanities, their absurdities -- if on some level, you can't make people care about the characters, you've got a problem no matter what you're doing. We had some obligations to people if they wanted to watch, but a happy ending was not among the list of obligations." (David Simon's interview with Alan Sepinwall, 2008) P.S: On this day, 24 years ago, the first episode of "The Wire" was aired worldwide.

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