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Based on the principles of physics, it is theoretically possible for a planet to have a donut-shaped structure. To maintain the stability of a donut-shaped Earth, it would need to rotate at extremely high speeds, resulting in shorter day durations. Consequently, the gravitational force at the poles would intensify,...

36,251,049 Aufrufe • vor 3 Jahren •via X (Twitter)

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When a spacecraft leaves Earth, it doesn’t just fire its engines and head straight to its destination. In many missions, especially those going beyond low Earth orbit, there’s a more subtle and elegant strategy at play, one that uses gravity itself as part of the navigation system. This is often called a gravity assist, or a slingshot maneuver. But in the case of missions like #Artemis II, what’s being used is a closely related idea known as a free-return trajectory. At first glance, it might sound simple: the spacecraft goes to the Moon, loops around it, and comes back. But the physics behind it is anything but simple. Instead of relying on continuous propulsion, the spacecraft follows a carefully calculated path through the gravitational field of the Earth–Moon system. It is launched with just the right speed and direction so that, as it approaches the Moon, the Moon’s gravity bends its trajectory. The spacecraft is effectively flung around the Moon, redirected onto a path that naturally brings it back toward Earth. No major engine burn is needed for the return. Small trajectory corrections may still be required, but gravity does the heavy lifting. That’s the key. This kind of trajectory is not just efficient, it’s also safe. If something goes wrong with the spacecraft’s engines or onboard systems, gravity itself ensures the return. It’s an inherent backup plan, built into the trajectory from the very beginning. The same fundamental idea appears in gravity assists used across the Solar System. When a spacecraft flies past a planet, it can gain or lose speed by exchanging momentum with that planet. From the spacecraft’s point of view, it’s as if it has been accelerated without using fuel. In reality, it has borrowed a tiny amount of orbital energy from the planet itself. That’s how missions like Voyager reached the outer planets, and how probes continue to explore regions far beyond what their onboard fuel alone would allow. But there’s an important distinction. An interplanetary gravity assist is typically used to change speed and direction, often increasing the spacecraft’s energy. A free-return trajectory, like the one used in Artemis II, is designed for something more specific: a path that naturally loops back to Earth without requiring additional propulsion. It’s less about gaining energy, and more about shaping a trajectory that guarantees a return. To understand why this works, it helps to stop thinking in straight lines. In space, motion follows curves defined by gravity. The spacecraft is constantly falling, first toward Earth, then toward the Moon, and then back toward Earth again. What looks like a loop is really a continuous free fall through a changing gravitational landscape. This way of navigating space reveals something deeper. We tend to think of engines as the drivers of motion, but once a spacecraft is on its way, gravity does most of the work. The art of spaceflight is not just about thrust. It’s about knowing when not to use it. #GoodLuck #Artemis NASA Artemis

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234,886 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

On April 26th, 2026, the Japan Meteorological Agency's Himawari-8 satellite captured a full day of Earth. Every ten minutes, for twenty-four hours, it photographed a complete hemisphere of the planet. One hundred forty-four individual photographs. No editing for content. No compositing. No CGI. No green screen. No hologram. No drawings. These are photographs, assembled into video. Himawari-8 is a geostationary weather satellite operated by Japan. It orbits at roughly twenty-two thousand miles above the equator, remaining fixed over one spot on the planet, orbiting at the same rate Earth rotates. It was launched in 2014. It takes photographs of Earth in visible light and infrared. It does this every ten minutes, every single day, year after year. These images are available to the public. Meteorologists worldwide use them for weather forecasting. News organizations use them. Scientists use them. You can access them yourself right now. What you're seeing over that twenty-four hour period is the terminator line moving -- the day-night boundary shifting as the planet's rotation carries different regions into and out of sunlight, all viewed from a fixed point in space. It is not a composite. It is not a trick. The curvature you see is not distortion. It is not perspective compression. It is the actual shape of the Earth as photographed by an independent satellite operated by a nation with no interest in perpetuating a NASA conspiracy. This is what Earth looks like from space. This is the globe holding atmosphere in place with gravity as you witness weather patterns moving across its surface. This is reality. (No fisheye lens was harmed in the making of this video.)

Alex Boge

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