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Beginner and advanced philosophy: which one do you most frequently practice? This meme is, of course, an obviously ironical polemic. In fact, private contemplation and public conversation are two modes of cognition separate sui generis. We can neither expect the axioms of Kepler nor the postulates of Kant to...

16,400 次观看 • 18 天前 •via TikTok

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Philosophy slideshow #philosophy #petergriffin #familyguy #griffin #edit #fyp #viral Philosophy (from Ancient Greek philosophía, lit. 'love of wisdom') is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, knowledge, mind, reason, language, and value. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy. However, they are considered separate academic disciplines in the modern sense of the term. Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western, Arabic–Persian, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece and covers a wide area of philosophical subfields. A central topic in Arabic–Persian philosophy is the relation between reason and revelation. Indian philosophy combines the spiritual problem of how to reach enlightenment with the exploration of the nature of reality and the ways of arriving at knowledge. Chinese philosophy focuses principally on practical issues about right social conduct, government, and self-cultivation. Major branches of philosophy are epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Epistemology studies what knowledge is and how to acquire it. Ethics investigates moral principles and what constitutes right conduct. Logic is the study of correct reasoning and explores how good arguments can be distinguished from bad ones. Metaphysics examines the most general features of reality, existence, objects, and properties. Other subfields are aesthetics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, philosophy of history, and political philosophy. Within each branch, there are competing schools of philosophy that promote different principles, theories, or methods. Philosophers use a great variety of methods to arrive at philosophical knowledge. They include conceptual analysis, reliance on common sense and intuitions, use of thought experiments, analysis of ordinary language, description of experience, and critical questioning. Many scientific academic disciplines have associated philosophical subfields, like philosophy of physics and philosophy of biology, examining their fundamental concepts, methods, assumptions and implications. Philosophy is related to and informs many other fields, such as law, business, and journalism, providing an interdisciplinary perspective and addressing their ethical questions.

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950,500 次观看 • 3 个月前

Nietzsche wrote halfway between metaphor and fact. And if you don't understand that, you'll misread everything he ever said. Most philosophers write in one of two modes: they deal in pure concepts, or they traffic in images and stories. Nietzsche did neither. He operated in the charged territory between them. And according to J. P. Stern, that is the key to understanding him. Stern uses one of Nietzsche's most famous themes as his example: the 19th century's loss of religious faith. What Nietzsche called, with characteristic drama, the death of God. Here is how Nietzsche described what would follow: "Rather than cope with the unbearable loneliness of their condition, men will continue to seek their shattered God and for his sake they will love the very serpents that dwell among his ruins." Stern's point is that this passage is doing two things at once. Words like loneliness and condition are abstract, the vocabulary of philosophy and argument. But serpents in the ruins of a shattered God is pure image, vivid and almost mythological. Neither mode cancels out the other. They coexist in the same sentence, doing different work. It is a deliberate style. One that Stern argues is unique to Nietzsche and easy to misread if you come to him expecting conventional philosophy. If you take the metaphors literally, you get mysticism. If you strip them away and read only the concepts, you lose the emotional truth the images are carrying. The method only works if you hold both registers in mind simultaneously.

Big Brain Philosophy

15,210 次观看 • 7 个月前