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Big Pharma’s worst nightmare: Lion’s Mane. This medicinal mushroom supercharges memory, repairs nerves, and improves long-term memory. Here’s how to take it the right way (and avoid fake, harmful versions): 🧵

132,733 views • 10 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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New short course: Long-Term Agentic Memory with LangGraph. Learn to build an agent with long-term memory in this course developed in collaboration with taught by its Co-Founder and CEO, Harrison Chase! Personal assistance and productivity tasks have become important use cases for agents. An important feature of an AI assistant, such as a coding or calendar assistant, is its ability to keep improving over time from its experience. Agent memory is the key capability that enables this. To add memory to an agent, you must first figure out what to store and what to retrieve when it is time to use the information. Additionally, you’ll have to decide when to update the stored information. For example, you might update in each iteration loop of the agent or perform updates in the background, with a helper agent. In this course, you will learn a mental framework to build agents with long-term memory. You'll create a useful email assistant that can respond, ignore, and notify using writing, scheduling, and memory-management tools. You’ll develop your agent's memory by adding facts to its memory store, provide examples to learn the user's preferences, and optimize system prompts to evolve instructions based on previous responses. In detail, you’ll: - Learn how the three types of memory--semantic, episodic, and procedural–and the two update mechanisms–via hot path and in the background–apply to your agents. - Build an email agent with writing, scheduling, and availability tools, along with a router that triages incoming email and handles it accordingly by ignoring, responding, or notifying the user. - Add tools to your email agent that allow it to operate on semantic memory by learning facts about the user, storing them in a long-term memory store, and searching over them in future interactions. - Incorporate episodic memory, in the form of few-shot examples, in the triage step of your agents to help them learn and update user preferences. - Add procedural memory as system prompts, optimized with feedback to improve the instructions the agent follows. Learn how to approach memory in agents, and start building agents with long-term memory with LangGraph! Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

131,845 views • 1 year ago

researchers gave a tiny local model human-style memory and its context limit basically stopped existing a team from MBZUAI, Princeton and Weizmann took a 1B model and rebuilt how it reads. instead of attending to everything at once, the model reads in 1,024 token chunks and passes the important stuff forward through an associative memory, the same way you carry the plot of a book between chapters without rereading them. the design mirrors human memory on purpose. full attention inside a chunk works as short-term memory. the module that carries information between chunks works as long-term memory. they even trained it like a person, starting with short easy texts and raising the difficulty gradually, because memory thrown into the deep end learns nothing. the numbers back it up. the normal model burns 40GB of GPU memory on a long document and collapses hard past its limit, dropping from 0.86 to 0.32 accuracy. the memory version holds 0.71 at double that length while using a flat 12GB no matter how long the input gets. it also needs about 30% fewer FLOPs. the part i keep thinking about is that nobody scaled anything here. they didn't build a bigger model, didn't stretch the window, didn't add compute. they looked at how a brain handles a long day and copied the architecture. a model small enough to run on a consumer gpu now survives documents its own architecture used to choke on. we keep treating intelligence as a compute problem. sometimes it's a memory problem.

Alex Veremeyenko

16,147 views • 6 days ago

New short course: LLMs as Operating Systems: Agent Memory, created with Letta, and taught by its founders Charles Packer and Sarah Wooders. An LLM's input context window has limited space. Using a longer input context also costs more and results in slower processing. So, managing what's stored in this context window is important. In the innovative paper MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems, its authors (which include the instructors) proposed using an LLM agent to manage this context window. Their system uses a large persistent memory that stores everything that could be included in the input context, and an agent decides what is actually included. Take the example of building a chatbot that needs to remember what's been said earlier in a conversation (perhaps over many days of interaction with a user). As the conversation's length grows, the memory management agent will move information from the input context to a persistent searchable database; summarize information to keep relevant facts in the input context; and restore relevant conversation elements from further back in time. This allows a chatbot to keep what's currently most relevant in its input context memory to generate the next response. When I read the original MemGPT paper, I thought it was an innovative technique for handling memory for LLMs. The open-source Letta framework, which we'll use in this course, makes MemGPT easy to implement. It adds memory to your LLM agents and gives them transparent long-term memory. In detail, you’ll learn: - How to build an agent that can edit its own limited input context memory, using tools and multi-step reasoning - What is a memory hierarchy (an idea from computer operating systems, which use a cache to speed up memory access), and how these ideas apply to managing the LLM input context (where the input context window is a "cache" storing the most relevant information; and an agent decides what to move in and out of this to/from a larger persistent storage system) - How to implement multi-agent collaboration by letting different agents share blocks of memory This course will give you a sophisticated understanding of memory management for LLMs, which is important for chatbots having long conversations, and for complex agentic workflows. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

200,788 views • 1 year ago