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Bubble cavitation is wild because collapsing bubbles briefly create extreme heat, pressure, light, and microjets strong enough to erode metal turning “nothing” (a void in liquid) into a violent energy event. Empty space suddenly becomes explosive physics. Collapse = power.

77,654 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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This looks like a simple transparent shock absorber filled with oil. But what you are seeing is one of the most destructive phenomena in fluid engineering. This is cavitation in its true form. The white cloud forming beneath the piston is not foam and it is not air. The oil is literally changing from liquid to vapour at room temperature. When the piston moves rapidly, the oil is forced through tiny passages inside the damper. The fluid velocity increases, the local pressure drops, and if it falls below the oil's vapour pressure, the liquid begins to boil without any increase in temperature. The moment the pressure recovers, those microscopic vapour bubbles collapse almost instantly. And that is where the real damage begins. The destructive forces of cavitation is really not understood well by most. A collapsing cavitation bubble creates shockwaves and high-speed microjets that strike nearby surfaces with enormous local forces. Repeated millions of times, these tiny implosions can slowly eat away hardened metals, destroy precision components and reduce the lifespan of expensive machinery across industries. This same invisible phenomenon is one of the biggest challenges in naval engineering. Ship propellers operating under enormous loads can suffer cavitation erosion, losing efficiency while creating underwater noise. For advanced stealth submarines, that noise can become a major problem because cavitation can reveal their position. Decades of research have gone into specialised propeller designs, pump-jets, surface finishes and hydrodynamic optimisation to delay its formation. The same issues affects hydroelectric turbines that convert the energy of entire rivers into electricity, and industrial pumps that move oil, chemicals and water through critical infrastructure around the world. Perhaps the most remarkable part is that after 4-5 decades of advances in metallurgy, coatings and manufacturing, engineers still cannot simply build a material that is immune to cavitation. The solution is not to make stronger metals forever. It is to understand the fluid dynamics so precisely that cavitation is prevented before in those destructive bubbles ever form.

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This is cavitation inside a piston diaphragm pump. Most engineers spend their entire careers hearing this destructive phenomenon. Almost none ever get to see it with their own eyes. When pressure drops below a critical threshold, liquid instantly flashes into vapor, creating thousands of microscopic bubbles throughout the system. It happens in milliseconds, invisible to the naked eye in standard metal pumps. But when pressure rises again, those bubbles don't just disappear quietly. They collapse violently, sending shockwaves rippling through the metal components. The result is catastrophic. Valves get destroyed. Seals get shredded. Pump chambers get hollowed out from the inside, one microscopic implosion at a time. Cavitation is one of the most destructive forces in industrial fluid systems, responsible for equipment failures that cost thousands of dollars per incident. Engineers have studied it for decades through sensors, pressure readings, and the telltale sounds it makes. But they've never been able to watch it happen in real time. Until now. The clear plexiglass head on this LEWA pump changes everything. For the first time, pump engineers can observe cavitation as it occurs, watching the bubble formation and violent collapse that destroys their equipment. It's like finally seeing the invisible enemy that's been wreaking havoc on industrial systems. This is what happens when engineering innovation meets visualization technology. Sometimes the most powerful breakthroughs come from simply making the invisible visible.

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🚨 CHINA IS RACING TO BUILD A SPACE SOLAR POWER PLANT THAT COULD BEAM ELECTRICITY FROM ORBIT TO EARTH. Scientists at Xidian University have successfully tested a ground-based system that can wirelessly transmit kilowatt-level power over 100 meters using microwaves. Their ultimate goal is far more ambitious: placing large solar power stations in geostationary orbit (36,000 km up), where sunlight is available 24/7 with no weather or atmosphere blocking it. The project, called Zhuri (“chasing the sun”), uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto solar panels, converts the electricity into microwaves, and beams it down to a receiving antenna (rectenna) on Earth. Why this matters: • In space, solar energy is up to 6 times more efficient than on Earth because there’s no night, clouds, or atmospheric filtering • A single large space solar station could theoretically generate gigawatts of continuous clean power enough for millions of homes • The team has already proven the system can beam power to multiple moving targets at once • China is now among the world leaders in this technology, alongside the US and Japan The deeper implication: Space-based solar power has been a dream for decades because it could provide truly baseload renewable energy. While the technical and financial challenges are enormous (building massive structures in orbit, precise microwave beaming, and safety), steady progress like this brings the concept closer to reality. If successful, it could fundamentally change how humanity generates and distributes energy moving power collection off the planet entirely. Near-term applications could include wirelessly charging satellites or powering future lunar bases. Do you think space-based solar power will become a major energy source in the coming decades, or will it stay too expensive and complex? Follow for more frontier energy and space technology developments.

TheNewPhysics

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🚨 PHYSICISTS JUST SPLIT A SINGLE PHOTON AND IT TURNED INTO AN IMPROBABLE SWARM OF PARTICLES. In a striking experiment, researchers have shown that a photon can be split apart in such a way that it produces a large number of particles, creating what they describe as a “mixture from zero to infinity.” Instead of the usual clean splitting into two photons (as seen in spontaneous parametric down-conversion), this process generated a complex, broad swarm of particles. The result challenges conventional intuition about how photons behave when pushed into extreme nonlinear regimes. Why this matters: • It demonstrates a rare and complex form of photon splitting that was previously very difficult to observe cleanly • Such processes could help simulate high-energy particle physics in table-top experiments • It opens new possibilities for generating exotic quantum states of light • It provides deeper insight into nonlinear quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong fields The deeper implication: Photons are usually thought of as indivisible quanta of light. But under the right extreme conditions, a single photon can effectively “break apart” into many particles. This isn’t just a curiosity it touches on fundamental questions about the nature of light and matter, and could eventually lead to new tools for quantum technologies and for studying physics that normally requires particle accelerators. We’re seeing light behave in ways that blur the line between a single quantum and a many-particle system. How do you think being able to controllably split photons into swarms of particles could impact quantum optics or fundamental physics research? Follow for more frontier quantum physics and breakthroughs in light-matter interaction.

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"But where's the flash?" Watch this CNN demonstration of 6g of PETN being ignited by open flame. What happens? The PETN burns with a visible flame for several seconds. Then it detonates. The detonation happens so fast there is no visible flash — the camera goes straight from fire to debris field. And here's the key: the fire that WAS there is blown OUT by the blast wave. This is not a shaped charge. This is unconfined PETN in open air. No flash. No fireball. The blast wave actually extinguishes the existing flame. Why? Three reasons: PETN's reaction zone is measured in microns and completes in nanoseconds (Anderson et al., Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, 2022). At gram scale, the entire detonation event is over in single-digit microseconds. A 30fps camera captures 33,000 μs per frame. The event occupies <0.03% of one frame. The visible "flash" people expect from explosions comes from compression-heating of surrounding air — not the explosive itself. At gram scale there simply isn't enough gas volume being heated to produce visible light that registers on a standard camera. In a shaped charge, it's even less visible because the energy is directed INTO the target as a hydrodynamic metal jet (Munroe effect), not radiated outward as heat and light. The Hezbollah pager attacks (Sept 2024) used 3-6g PETN per device. Watch the CCTV footage — no fireballs. Just a pop and casualties. Sandia National Labs detonates ~32mg PETN and researchers stand next to the chamber in safety glasses. No flash. No fire. "No flash = no explosive" is a Hollywood education, not a physics one. Joe Rogan shaw

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Satya Nadella: Microsoft’s latest Wisconsin AI data center keeps yearly water consumption no higher than that of 1 local restaurant. "The cooling loop is filled once and the data centre can operate effectively with zero water consumption. Daily water usage across a year is roughly equivalent to what a single restaurant would use" The mechanism is mainly about replacing evaporative cooling with closed-loop direct-to-chip liquid cooling, so water moves like coolant inside a sealed machine rather than being boiled off into the air. Hot GB200-class AI racks produce too much heat for normal air cooling, so cold liquid is pushed through pipes into the servers and across metal cold plates touching the hottest chips. The liquid enters the rack cool, absorbs heat from the chips through cold plates, then exits the rack at a higher temperature and carries that heat through pipes to a huge cooling system outside the compute floor. Microsoft says Fairwater sends that hot water to cooling “fins” beside the datacenter, where 172 20-foot fans blow air across the fins and dump the heat into the outside air. The important detail is that the air cools the water through metal surfaces, so the water does not need to evaporate the way many older datacenters use cooling towers. The cooled liquid then returns to the servers, repeats the loop, and keeps absorbing heat from the chips. In older data centers, heat is often removed partly through cooling towers. Hot water meets moving air, some water evaporates, and that phase change carries heat away. Effective, but it consumes fresh water continuously. But Firwater is a closed loop because the same coolant keeps circulating through sealed pipes: it absorbs heat from the chips, releases that heat through radiator-like fins, then flows back to the chips again. For Wisconsin Fairwater, Microsoft says more than 90% of the facility uses closed-loop liquid cooling, while the remaining portion uses outside air and switches to water only on the hottest days. ---- From "Microsoft" YouTube channel, (link in comment)

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