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David George and Gavin Baker on why AI demand is just getting started, and the numbers they're seeing across power users: David: "If you actually look at the power law of the actual engineers in those companies, the highest-spending engineers are spending 10 or sometimes 100x more than the...

35,026 Aufrufe • vor 2 Tagen •via X (Twitter)

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The last time Gavin Baker and I sat down to record a podcast, it was almost exactly a year ago and we started with the immediate question: is AI a bubble? Gavin's answer focused on utilization and returns (and perhaps unsurprisingly, his answer was: No). Unlike the dark fiber of 2000, there were, and still are, no idle GPUs. The largest buyers of compute were funding the buildout from some of the strongest balance sheets in the world, and their AI investment was already producing real returns. I sat down with Gavin again last week, and to chart just exactly where we are in the cycle. He has spent the summer asking operators for one quantitative measure in their business that is getting worse and has yet to find one. At the same time, public AI stocks have gone through meaningful drawdowns. Still, if you look at the way people are using AI today, there’s a good chance that demand diffusion has barely begun. AI revenue rests on fewer than 10m heavy users, against roughly 1.5b knowledge workers. At the most AI-native startups, token spend is approaching or exceeding 10% of human compensation, which suggests that there’s a long way to go before even the earliest adopters fully integrate agentic capabilities. Within Atreides, Gavin said token consumption rose 100x from March through August, and even further once the team started using products like GrokBot. As Gavin put it, once people begin approving automations, token consumption starts to feel “sort of endless.” This dynamic would be reason enough alone to believe that we’re massively undersupplied at the moment. But there are other reasons on the supply side too, namely that there are a near-unbounded number of potential winners in the space: - Frontier labs can keep winning because on the highest-value tasks, marginal improvements in intelligence are worth far more than marginal differences in price. - Open models illustrate that most work doesn’t require frontier performance, creating a much larger market for intelligence that is cheaper and customizable. - Nvidia, hyperscalers, neoclouds, and inference providers can simultaneously win because every additional token still requires physical compute, even if models become more efficient. - Enterprises can win as proprietary data, workflows, and institutional knowledge become more valuable. - Application companies can win by capturing services budgets and owning the customer relationship. This doesn’t suggest everyone will be successful, but it does mean the market itself is positive-sum and we will look back on zero-sum thinking as far too limiting. Better models create better products, better products create more users, more users create more token demand, and more demand supports continued investment in models and infrastructure. Check out the whole conversation below: a16z

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Gavin Baker and a16z's David George on the state of the AI boom: The future doesn't have to be winner-take-all. Labs, open-source, applications, and the clouds can all capture value. Demand for intelligence is still dramatically underestimated. Today's power users number in the millions and will grow to hundreds of millions. Gavin and David argue a compute shortage is a more real risk than an AI bubble, and building through it is an opportunity to reindustrialize America. In this episode, they get into why compute investments pay back so fast, what the data center backlash gets wrong, the case for putting compute in orbit, why enterprises will run several models at once, and how Nvidia ended up at the center of the entire supply chain. 00:00 Intro 01:06 The bear case Gavin couldn't find 05:50 Why a lab would cut its own revenue 75% 08:05 What LPs get wrong about a crash 10:50 Microsoft slowed its capex and regrets it 14:33 The engineers spending 100x the median 17:35 Why 23-year-olds use AI better than Gavin 21:45 How much copper 500M AI users need 23:00 Stop promising to cure cancer 26:00 America's richest county is full of data centers 30:48 Who gets priced out of compute 33:05 The age of Elon and Jensen 34:25 Orbital data centers 44:40 Asteroid mining 48:12 Why Microsoft doesn't need a frontier model 54:02 Who becomes the abstraction layer 55:40 Everyone wanted a deity, Cursor wanted a product 1:00:25 Never take shots at Jensen 1:07:40 What happens when the chip doesn't work 1:12:10 What chip deals reveal about customer demand YouTube: Gavin Baker David George

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David Friedberg: Government Spending is Making Everything More Expensive… and Driving America Toward Socialism david friedberg: “California's got tens of billions of dollars it spent on this stupid f**king railway that goes nowhere, where there's no f**king tracks…” David Sacks: “And there's no political will to even stop that. It'd be the easiest cut in the world.” Friedberg: “Just think about the idiocy. Like, no one is saying we shouldn't do this. Why is no one saying we shouldn't do this? A quarter trillion dollars for a train from San Francisco to Fresno that costs more than an airline ticket is so idiotic. It's like the movie ‘Don't Look Up’. Like, look up. It tells you everything you need to know. Across the board, these government programs cause more harm than good. When the government intervenes in underwriting student loans, and gives everyone a loan, administrative costs went up by 6x and tuition skyrocketed 8% a year, compounding for 30 years, because the government said, ‘We'll underwrite any student loan.’ The same with housing, and now no young people can afford a house. The same with healthcare, where they said, ‘We'll pay people to stay home and not work to take care of people, and we won't check on whether or not they're actually taking care of people,’ and the cost of healthcare skyrocketed. You go across every one of these government programs, and every one of them has the adverse effect of driving up costs and inflating everything. And the core root of inflation in this country is government spending. And the reason we are going to end up becoming a socialist country is because we aren't reining in government spending and looking it in the mirror and saying, ‘Guys, this is idiotic. What are we doing?’”

The All-In Podcast

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Gavin Baker just posed the trillion dollar question, who's actually going to pay for all this AI spending? Baker frames the whole AI capex debate around one question, since even if hyperscalers are under earning today and compute pricing normalizes, someone has to pay for that recovered cash flow and that money comes from only two places, faster economic growth or labor substitution. The scale of the number itself is what makes the debate matter. There's roughly $25 trillion in global knowledge work spending and even a conservative 20% token spend ratio against that total comp base implies $5 trillion in potential AI spend, an amount that has to be funded by either productivity gains or replaced headcount. Real company data shows token spend already climbing toward that range. Ramp's own economist reported AI adoption crossing 50% of US businesses by March 2026, up from 35% a year earlier, and average monthly AI token spend across Ramp's customer base has grown 13 times since January 2025. Among the most aggressive adopters, that spend is becoming a serious share of total labor cost rather than a rounding error. SemiAnalysis reportedly runs AI token spend at 30% of total compensation spend and some companies have pushed that ratio as high as 50%, putting them well ahead of the 20-25% range typical even among heavily AI-pilled firms. The labor substitution side of Gavin Baker framework is already visible in company financials. Gross profit dollars per full-time employee at AI native companies tracked by a16z and Carta are running meaningfully higher than prior startup generations, showing these companies are staying lean rather than scaling headcount alongside revenue. Founder led companies are sending a different signal than the substitution story alone would suggest. Rather than replacing existing staff, most founder controlled companies aren't running large-scale layoffs even as they adopt AI heavily, which points toward AI spend layering on top of existing headcount to chase new growth rather than simply cutting costs. That distinction matters because it's exactly the bull case Baker is describing. Ramp's Spring 2026 report found companies investing the most in AI more than doubled their revenue since ChatGPT launched, while companies with zero AI spend grew only 15% and Ramp separately found heavy AI spenders growing revenue roughly twice as fast as low spend peers. Put together, the evidence leans toward growth rather than pure substitution funding this spend.

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David Friedberg: The AI Jobs Panic Is a Crock of Sh*t Why? The revenue potential outweighs the cost savings by 100x. “There is no job loss with AI. I've said it a thousand times, and I will say it again, and again, and again. What I see on the ground, and what I've seen at dozens of companies, including my company that I run, there are two sides to a business. There is revenue and there’s costs. On the cost side of the equation, AI can be used to reduce humans doing things that cost money, to some extent. The effect there, I would argue, is nominal. The real opportunity with AI is on the revenue side, where suddenly one engineer can do 100x or 1000x what they used to be able to do, meaning you can make more products at your company, whether those are agricultural seed products, or boats and ships, or software for companies, or clothing, or what have you. Because of AI, everyone has the ability to expand their revenue base to create more products, and that is the foundation of good economic prosperity. It is called productivity. We can grow productivity in this country with AI. So where I see AI being used is on the revenue side 100x more than the cost side. And in that equation, people are hiring like crazy. We cannot hire enough people. I just had a review meeting with my product and engineering team two days ago, and they're like, ‘We want to add an extra 15 headcount to our engineering squads because we have all this opportunity to do stuff that we couldn't otherwise do.’ So we are going to hire more people. And to Sacks' point, we are seeing that show up in the jobs numbers. The idea that AI is going to destroy jobs is a Luddite idea that is being disproven every single day, and I see it on the ground. It is only a matter of time before people wake up to this and they realize that this narrative that they've all been sold is a crock of sh*t.”

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