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For 300 years mathematicians solved polynomials of degree 1, 2, 3, and 4 with increasingly complex formulas. Then they hit degree 5 and the formula simply doesn't exist - not undiscovered, provably impossible. The reason is group theory. The 5 solutions of a quintic can be scrambled in ways...

34,543 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat •via X (Twitter)

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EXTREMELY CONCERNING 🚨 Today: Moms Across America just got back their toxic metals testing results for baby formula They tested 20 brands including organic, “All of them, a 100% of the 40 samples tested positive for toxic aluminum and lead. All of them. 80% of the samples had lead levels that were higher than what the EPA allows in drinking water. This is very disturbing. Lead is super toxic and harmful for brain development. At 41,000 parts per billion of aluminum in one of the goat's milk baby formulas, that level was 4,000 to 40,000 times higher than the other heavy metals that were found in the, in baby formulas. And that level, when consumed on a daily basis at a normal rate, the way babies normally do, will exceed what the FDA allows in drinking water, or for consumption for of aluminum for a preemie baby. So these babies are getting toxic levels of aluminum in this goat's milk baby formula. It's called, Cabrida. The highest aluminum levels detected was 200 times higher than what the EPA allows in drinking water. That's in that goat's milk formula. The 57% of the samples tested positive for arsenic, 55% for mercury, and 35% for cadmium. Levels of mercury in 4 of the samples were detected above the amounts allowed by the FDA in drinking water, that's 10%. And levels of cadmium in, both samples of one formula were nearly twice the level allowed in drinking water. So the cadmium can cause cancer. Mercury is very toxic as well, can cause all kinds of sicknesses. 6 of the 20 formulas were positive for all 5 toxic metals in both samples.” “We had hoped at least some of them, perhaps maybe the organic ones or the goat milk formulas, would not have toxic heavy metals, but we were wrong.” HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN??

Wall Street Apes

662,172 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

I think one of the roles we play as mathematicians in society is to help people become acquainted with the underlying secret patterns. I have been working for several years on projects in crystallography, where we study crystal structures. But few people know that such periodic patterns come with severe constraints on their symmetry. In the plane, there are 17 different symmetry types, a fact well known even to the designers of the mesmerizing patterns of the Alhambra. Here you can find and experiment with such tilings in the plane, gaining insight into the intrinsic beauty of the so-called wallpaper groups, the crystal symmetries in dimension 2. The app interactively helps you design symmetric patterns with colors and shows how changes in the structure of the unit cell propagate via symmetry. In dimension 3, if you look into International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. 1, you will find a theorem due to Schoenflies and Fedorov stating that there are 230 such symmetry types, a cornerstone of modern chemistry. Beyond that, in dimensions 4 and higher, a count can be made, but it requires a proof of the general theorem due to Frobenius and Bieberbach. This was an answer to the first part of Hilbert’s famous eighteenth problem. One of the fun consequences of such a classification is that in dimensions 2 and 3, 5-fold symmetry is forbidden in regular periodic arrangements. Intrinsically, this fact is related to the existence of matrices with a fifth-root-of-unity eigenvalue. For integral matrices, this is possible only in dimensions 4 and higher. If you generalize the square and cube tilings to dimensions 4 and 5, obtaining hypercubic tilings, the 5-fold symmetry pattern emerges. Skew projections of the 5D hypercubic tiling onto a 2-dimensional plane give rise to a quasicrystalline tiling known as the Penrose tiling. You can find such patterns in front of the Andrew Wiles Building at the Oxford Mathematical Institute. In later posts this summer, I will take a deep dive into group homology, a modern tool for studying the geometry of crystals. There are still many open questions, for example, how many symmetry types exist exactly in dimensions beyond 6. This is still largely unknown; at present, we only have asymptotic lower bounds.

Bartosz Naskręcki

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Etherealize

102,150 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten