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Got continuous batching working with SSMs in mlx-lm. Here's four OpenCode agents simultaneously running Nvidia's Nemotron Nano on 64GB M4 Max. This is a nice model for smaller machines since it's MoE + hybrid attention (small cache).

35,231 次观看 • 8 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Day 11/90 of Inference Engineering How does vLLM work and how is it used in production? Before we discuss how vLLM works internally, it helps to understand what vLLM is. At a high level, vLLM is an inference engine that is designed to serve LLMs to thousands of concurrent users efficiently while managing scarce compute and memory. The goal for vLLM is to maximize throughput and minimize latency; optimizing for the best inference economics and experience for end users. With every request from the end user, it eventually ends up in the engine core, gets scheduled alongside other requests from other concurrent users, executes on the GPU, and updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and streams the tokens back to the user. The Scheduler decides what requests should execute next while continuously batching requests together to maximize GPU utilization. Continuous batching is an inference optimization that allows new requests to join a running batch as other requests finish generating tokens. This helps with keeping the GPU utilization high instead of letting it sit idle waiting for an entire batch to complete generating. After the scheduler dispatches the selected batch to the Model Executor, the Model Executor prepares the tensors and metadata required for inference, retrieves each request’s block table from KV Cache Manager, launches the optimized transformer forward pass on the GPU, computes the logits, updates the KV cache with the new key and value vectors, and finally returns the results for sampling and streaming. The KV Cache Manager uses the PagedAttention memory layout to allocate fixed-size cache blocks on demand and maintains a Free Block Queue on the CPU that tracks which blocks in the GPU’s Paged KV Cache are currently free. When a request needs additional KV cache space, the KV Cache manager takes a free block from the queue and assigns it to that request, thus avoiding an expensive search through GPU memory for available cache blocks. All of these components form the core of vLLM’s inference engine. The Scheduler determines what requests are executed, the Model Executor determines how those requests are executed, the KV Cache Manager determines where each request’s KV cache lives using the PagedAttention Memory Layout. This architecture enables vLLM to serve thousands of concurrent requests with high throughput, low latency, and efficient GPU memory utilization. Heres a little animation that visualizes everything! - I've also completed the forward pass for my mnist.c project. I had a nice chat with shrey birmiwal, such a knowledgeable guy. Excited to learn more about vLLM and implement a tiny-vLLM one day.

max fu

70,797 次观看 • 1 个月前

Before the week ends, let's acknowledge one of the most INSANE week ever for open AI, with 25+ notable open-weight drops across every modality: 🧠 LLMs → NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Ultra: 550B hybrid Mamba-MoE, only 55B active, 1M context, MMLU 89.1. NVFP4 variant claims ~5x throughput on Blackwell. First openly-weighted 550B hybrid Mamba-Transformer, closing the gap with frontier closed models. → Google Gemma 4 12B: fully open dense any-to-any (text/image/audio/video), 256k context, encoder-free, 140+ languages, AIME 2026 at 77.5. Shipped with a 23-checkpoint QAT wave (mobile ONNX + MLX). Most deployable model of the week. → StepFun Step-3.7-Flash: 198B sparse MoE VLM, ~11B active, SWE-Bench PRO 56.3. Apache 2.0. → Liquid AI LFM2.5-8B-A1B: edge MoE, just 1.5B active, 128k ctx, MATH500 88.8, MLX-ready. Best on-device option this week. → JetBrains Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Thinking: their first open MoE, near-Qwen3-14B coding at 2.5B active. Apache 2.0. 🎨 Image gen (the surprise of the week) → Ideogram 4: their FIRST-EVER open weights. 9.3B flow-matching DiT trained from scratch. #2 overall behind GPT Image 2, top open-weight model on Design Arena + LMArena. Strongest open checkpoint for text-rich images, full stop. It has taste. Still can't believe this is open weights. 🔊 Audio & Speech (a breakout week for open TTS, 4 labs shipped) → Boson Higgs Audio v3 4B: 102 languages, 21 emotions, singing/whispering/shouting, sub-second TTFA. → RedNote dots.tts: the only fully continuous (no codec) open TTS pipeline, Apache 2.0. → Google Magenta RealTime 2: real-time music gen, <200ms latency, text+audio+MIDI. multimodalart ported it to PyTorch within hours with live ZeroGPU demos. → NVIDIA Nemotron-3.5 ASR: 600M streaming, 17x more concurrent streams vs Parakeet RNNT 1.1B. 👁️ Vision & VLMs → PaddleOCR-VL-1.6: SOTA document parsing at 1B params, Apache 2.0. → Baidu NAVA: 6.3B joint audio-video gen, best-in-class A/V sync, Apache 2.0. 🎬 Video, 3D & World Models → NVIDIA Cosmos3-Super: 64B omnimodal world model coupling action trajectories with video+audio gen, for Physical AI. → JD JoyAI-Echo: up to 5-min multi-shot text-to-video on LTX-2.3. → ByteDance Bernini-R + VAST TripoSplat (single-image-to-3D Gaussian splats, MIT).

Victor M

541,790 次观看 • 3 个月前

Run Gemma 4 26B MoE on 8GB VRAM with 250k context at 20+ tokens/sec If you own any 8GB VRAM graphics card, stop what you are doing. Local AI just had its absolute "Holy Shit" moment for budget hardware. Yesterday, I benchmarked Unsloth Gemma 4 12B Q4_K_XL on an 8GB card. The community went wild but immediately demanded more: "Can we run a 25B+ model on budget GPUs?" Today, I’m delivering exactly that. I am running a massive 26B parameter Mixture of Experts (MoE) model locally on a standard 8GB VRAM setup with 250k full native context!. If you own an RTX 3060, 3070, 4060, or any budget GPU with 8GB of VRAM, the local AI paradigm has completely changed. The performance metrics are astonishing: - 20 tokens/sec flat decode throughput. - Stable, flat decode speed even with massive prompts. - I threw a 60k token prompt at it, and it still clocked in at 20 TPS without dropping a single frame. # What about prefill? Yes, Time To First Token (TTFT) is slightly high when swallowing massive contexts. But with a solid 200 tokens/sec prefill speed, the wait is barely noticeable and highly usable. And this is running completely without Multi Token Prediction (MTP) active. How is this possible? It’s the magic of Google's new QAT (Quantization Aware Training) quants for Gemma 4. The model weight file (unsloth gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf) is only 13.2 GB, making it the ultimate local powerhouse. # The Test Setup: CPU: Intel Core i7 RAM: 16GB System RAM GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Laptop GPU (8GB VRAM) # The Secret Sauce (The -cmoe Flag) To make this work properly on any 8GB card, you must use the -cmoe (CPU MoE) flag in llama.cpp. This flag isolates the heavy MoE expert weights directly to system memory (CPU/RAM) while letting your GPU focus strictly on the Attention layers and the KV Cache. It prevents VRAM spillage and holds the throughput rock solid. # The flags: -m "gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf" -cmoe -c 248000 -v Once running, just open the UI on localhost and toggle the new reasoning lightbulb icon in the text input box to watch the model perform multi step thinking. Are you still running smaller models, or are you ready to scale up your budget local setups? Let's discuss in the replies

Alok

292,770 次观看 • 3 个月前

We are in an insane run of open-weight drops. Every modality, open source is winning. This is what an open source AI summer ☀️ looks like: 🧠 LLMs & Reasoning → DeepSeek-V4-Flash-0731 (my king 👑): 304B MoE refresh, Terminal-Bench 2.1 jumps 61.8→82.7 over the preview, DeepSWE 7.3→54.4. Closes in on Opus-4.8 on Agents' Last Exam (25.2 vs 25.7). MIT. → Muse-Glimmer-30B, from Meta (they are back!!): their first open agentic model. ~29.6B dense + perception encoder, 131k+ context, built to run fully local, no cloud. Apache 2.0. → Liquid AI LFM2.5-2.6B: 2.69B params, 131k context, 220 tok/s on an M5 Max in under 2.5GB RAM. Competitive with models 4x larger on agentic tasks. → inclusionAI Ling-3.0-flash: 124B total, only 5.1B active, ~12% the size of their old 1T flagship Ring-2.6, matches it on key benchmarks. MIT. → inclusionAI Ling-3.0-tiny: 7.9B total, 1.3B active, 86-90 tok/s on an M4 Pro MacBook at ~8GB peak memory. MIT. → NVIDIA Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B: hybrid Mamba-2+MoE+Attention, up to 1M context, runs on a single H100 or DGX Spark, SWE-bench Verified 52.8. → deepgrove maple-preview: 20B-A1B ternary-weight reasoner, 218 tok/s on a Mac mini M4, 5.3GB checkpoint. MIT. → BigBang-v1 (endless-frontier): fine-tuned from Qwen3.6-35B-A3B via a self-evolving generator/critic synthetic-data loop. Lands aggregate performance between DeepSeek V4 Flash (284B) and V4 Pro (1.6T), at 35B. Apache 2.0. 🎬 Video → MiniMax-H3: 33B dense omni model, native stereo audio, up to 2K/15s. 3.6k+ likes already. → Minimax-H3-Turbo (lightx2v): Apache-2.0 turbo distillation of H3 for fast inference. → Lightricks LTX-2.5: image-to-video update, custom Gemma-4-12B text encoder, a markedly stronger distilled model. 🔊 Voice → NVIDIA NemotronLabs VoiceChat-11B: full-duplex speech-to-speech, ~450ms turn-taking, #2 on open VoiceBench, and the first open full-duplex model with live tool-calling mid-conversation. 🛡️ Safety → Mistral Shieldstral-1.0-3B: 3B multimodal guardrail that takes your safety policy as plain text instead of fixed categories. Beats LlamaGuard-4-12B and ShieldGemma-9B on HarmBench (99.4) and ToxicChat (84.1) at a fraction of the size. Apache 2.0.

Victor M

55,281 次观看 • 27 天前

you're paying $20/mo for something your $500 GPU can already do. Gemma 4 26B A4B QAT MoE + Hermes Agent running on a single RTX 4060 (8GB VRAM). Built a vision capable, 100% free, 100% local, private AI assistant that lives in my Chrome browser. No API keys. No cloud. No subscriptions. 100% vibe coded. 0% handholding. It has full context of whatever's on my screen can answer questions, summarize pages, extract data, and see images. Same local model handles everything, no external calls, ever. keep reading for the model and hermes agent tips i learnt while building this locally. Here's the exact setup for anyone running local LLMs on 6-8 GB VRAM: llama.cpp server flags (on my NVIDIA RTX 4060 8gb VRAM): -m gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf --cache-type-k q8_0 --cache-type-v q8_0 -c 150000 --port 8080 Throughput with quantization: Prefill: 200-250 tokens/sec Decode: 20-25 tokens/sec reduce context if oom on 6 gb vram card. Key learnings: - Quantize KV cache to q8 for faster prefill/decode. Prefill goes from 100-150 (unquantized) to 200-250 tok/s (q8). - But watch out, once actual context grows past ~50k tokens on high entropy workloads, q8 KV quantization can cause hallucinations. Low entropy workloads are mostly unaffected. If you see it happening, drop the quantization. This is common across all local models. - In Hermes Agent settings -> Memory & Context, bump compression threshold from default 0.5 to 0.7. Default triggers way too frequent context compression and eats time. Up next: add persistent memory, web search, tool calling, streaming output and whatever you suggest. Running a 26B MoE with vision + 150k context window on 8GB VRAM would've sounded impossible 6 months ago. Works the same on the NVIDIA RTX 3060 Ti, 3070, 4060 Ti, 5060, 2080, or any 8GB card. VRAM is the only requirement. Local AI agents are closer than people think. You just need to know where the knobs are. Model's Unsloth quant hugging face link in the comments. Have you tried Hermes agent by Nous Research yet? What are you building with local LLMs? Drop it below, let's see what this community is shipping.

Alok

36,691 次观看 • 2 个月前

New open-source agent harness just landed! I got early access to TrueForge by TrueFoundry and have been running it locally for the past few days. The harness layer deserves as much attention as the model, and open source matters here because you can inspect the loop, run it on your own infrastructure, and swap to the latest or cheaper models. TrueForge handles the runtime work that makes an agent reliable. It drives the tool-calling loop, manages context, coordinates subagents, and executes code in a sandbox, with any model you choose. Every tool call re-sends the growing context to the model, so in practice the harness controls most of what an agent costs to run. A few things stood out from my testing and their published benchmarks. Vendor-Neutral by design. It runs OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google models alongside open-weight models like Kimi, GLM, and DeepSeek. Model routing is a setting, and you can send each task to the model that fits it. On a 14-task enterprise agent benchmark, it matched the accuracy of Claude Managed Agents running the same Opus 4.8 model at roughly 30% lower cost per run (3.8M tokens vs 10M for the same answers). Routing the same tasks to GLM-5.2 held accuracy and brought cost down by about 75%, around $3 per run instead of $12. Fully self-hosted and Open Source (MIT License). I had it running locally with one command, with sandboxed code execution working out of the box. It's time to own your agent harness. Thanks to TrueFoundry for partnering on this post.

elvis

11,303 次观看 • 20 天前

🚨 Anthropic committed up to 1M TPU chips for Claude. Openai is leasing TPUs for chatgpt inference. Here's How kernels work on TPUs (deep dive 2/6 by emi) pallas is Google's answer to kernel writing. a python kernel SDK built on JAX. still very experimental (jax.experimental.pallas). on TPU it compiles through mosaic; on GPU it lowers to triton. if you know CUDA, the syntax will feel familiar but the execution model is completely different. in CUDA, grid=(4,4) launches 16 blocks running simultaneously across SMs. in pallas, those 16 iterations run one after another in lexicographic order. no threads. no warps. no blocks. no occupancy tuning. a TPU is a sequential machine with a very wide vector register — more like a CPU than a GPU. performance comes from width: a 128x128 systolic array doing matmul and an 8x128 SIMD vector unit doing everything else. maximum parallelism on chip: 2, one per TensorCore in megacore mode. three concepts replace CUDA's thread/block/grid hierarchy. Refs are mutable memory references. because execution is sequential, each iteration safely accumulates without atomics. in CUDA you'd need atomics or a separate reduction pass. the memory model is also very different from NVIDIA's. zero hardware caches. VMEM is 32-128 MiB of software-managed scratchpad — 500-1000x larger than GPU shared memory per SM. all data must be explicitly DMA'd from HBM to VMEM before any computation touches it. four levels: HBM → VMEM → VREGs → MXU/VPU, plus SMEM for scalar control data. every byte of data movement is your responsibility. this is like CUDA shared memory except it's 500x bigger and there's no cache fallback. pipelining is mandatory. without double-buffering HBM→VMEM transfers, the MXU just stalls waiting for data. this is the single most important optimization on TPU. and because grid execution is sequential and deterministic, consecutive iterations that need the same input block skip the redundant HBM transfer automatically, impossible on GPU where block execution order is undefined. the compilation pipeline is unlike anything in this series: python → jaxpr → stableHLO → XLA HLO (71+ optimization passes) → LLO (78+ passes) → 322-bit VLIW bundles. the compiler packs instructions for scalar, vector, matrix, and DMA units into a single 322-bit word. everything in that bundle executes in parallel, with no runtime scheduling.

wafer

33,134 次观看 • 2 个月前

I told you to claim your free 16GB NVIDIA GPU for learning Local LLMs. Now I’m going to show you how to double its inference speed without touching the hardware. Google Colab gives you an enterprise grade NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU for free, roughly 4 hours every single day. It is the absolute perfect sandbox for learning AI engineering, testing inference flags, and pushing massive context windows. The local AI timeline is moving way too fast. If you aren't using Multi Token Prediction (MTP) yet, you are leaving massive performance on the table. I just pushed DeepMind’s Gemma 4 26B to 64.9 t/s on this exact free tier. Let's look at the raw benchmark data running on an Ubuntu Linux environment with the latest compiled llama.cpp binaries and quantized GGUFs from Unsloth via HuggingFace: # Qwen 3.5 9B (Dense): Base: [ Prompt: 626.7 t/s | Generation: 21.0 t/s ] With MTP: [ Prompt: 539.1 t/s | Generation: 24.8 t/s ] # Gemma 4 26B QAT (MoE): Base: [ Prompt: 634.2 t/s | Generation: 48.3 t/s ] With MTP: [ Prompt: 572.1 t/s | Generation: 64.9 t/s ] If you are paying attention, this single Colab notebook reveals 3 massive observations about the current state of local LLMs: # 1. The MTP Speedup (Software Overclocking) Standard autoregressive decoding guesses one token at a time. MTP acts like a highly optimized, built in speculative decoder. It predicts multiple future tokens at once and the main model verifies them in parallel. The result? Zero accuracy loss and a massive throughput increase. Gemma jumped from 48 to 65 t/s just by flipping a flag. # 2. The MoE Paradox (Bigger is Faster) How does a 26B parameter model absolutely destroy a 9B model in raw speed on the exact same hardware? Architecture. Qwen 3.5 9B is a dense model. it activates all 9 billion parameters for every single token. Gemma 4 26B is a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model. It routes data efficiently, activating only 4B parameters per token. You get the reasoning capabilities of a 26B model with the compute cost of a 4B model. 3. Thinking Efficiency When I ran the exact same complex prompt on both models, the larger MoE spent significantly fewer "thinking" tokens to arrive at the correct answer. A smarter model doesn't just give better answers; it gets to the point faster, saving you compute cycles and preserving your context window. # Want to run this yourself? Here are the exact llama.cpp CLI commands. For Qwen (MTP is baked into the main model): ./llama-cli -m Qwen3.5-9B-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf -p "Explain quantum computing." -n 2000 -c 8000 -ngl 99 -fa on --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 4 --spec-draft-p-min 0.7 For Gemma (Using a separate lightweight draft model): ./llama-cli -m gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf --model-draft mtp-gemma-4-26B-A4B-it.gguf -p "Explain quantum computing." -n 2000 -c 8000 -ngl 99 -fa on --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 4 --spec-draft-p-min 0.7 Stop waiting for a $3,000 rig. Boot up Colab, pull these models, and start building your stack. I’ve put together a completely free, cell by cell Google Colab notebook that automates this entire workflow so you can test it yourself in 5 minutes and learn. Link to the notebook is in the comments below. Experiemt with different MTP parameters, context windows and post your results in the comments.

Alok

170,442 次观看 • 1 个月前