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Hayek on why freedom is essential for progress: “Whenever you have a community completely commanded by an authoritarian system, there is no evolution in a sense because better systems cannot prevail so long as the old system is maintained by force.” “Evolution is made possible by freedom. What you...

14,143 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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.Naval: You have a beautiful definition of knowledge, which most people don’t even try to tackle, about how knowledge perpetuates itself in the environment. You gave some really good examples. One was around genes. Successful, highly adapted genes contain a lot of knowledge and can cause themselves to be replicated because they’re survivors. In the same way, knowledge itself is a survivor, in that if you transmit to me the knowledge of how to build a computer, it’s an incredibly useful thing. I’m going to build more and more computers and that knowledge will be passed on. Your underlying point that you repeated here was if you want to understand the physical universe you have to understand knowledge, because it is the thing that over time takes over and changes more and more the universe—more than almost anything else. You have to understand all the explanations behind it. You can’t just say “particle collisions” because that explains everything, so it explains nothing. It’s not a useful level to operate at. Therefore, the things that create knowledge are uniquely influential in the universe. And as far as we know, there are only two systems that create knowledge. There’s evolution and there are humans. But is there a difference even between these two forms of knowledge creation, between evolution and between humans? David Deutsch: Yes. I have argued that the human way of creating knowledge is the ultimate one, that there aren’t any more powerful ones than that. This is the argument against the supernatural. Assuming that there is a form of knowledge creation that’s more powerful than ours is equivalent to invoking the supernatural, which is therefore a bad explanation—as invoking the supernatural always is. The difference between biological evolution and human creative thought is that biological evolution is inherently limited in its range. That’s because biological evolution has no foresight. It can’t see a problem and conjecture a solution. Whenever biological evolution produces a solution to something, it’s always before natural selection has even begun. This is Charles Darwin’s insight. This is the difference between Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and the other theories of evolution that had been around for a century or more before that, including Charles Darwin’s grandfather and Lamarck. The thing they didn’t get is that the creation of knowledge in evolution begins before. That means that biological evolution can’t reach places that are not reachable by successive improvements, each of which allows a viable organism to exist. Creationists say that biological evolution has, in fact, reached things that are not reachable by incremental steps, each of which is a viable organism. They’re factually mistaken. The thing which they have in mind is the idea of a creator who can imagine things that don’t exist and who can create an idea that is not the culmination of a whole load of viable things. A thinking being can create something that’s a culmination of a whole load of non-viable things. Explanatory creativity makes humans unique Out of all the billions and billions of species that have ever existed, none of them has ever made a campfire, even though many of them would’ve been helped by having the genetic capacity to make campfires. The reason it didn’t happen in the biosphere is that there is no such thing as making a partially functional campfire; whereas there is, for example, with making hot water. The bombardier beetles squirt boiling water at their enemies. You can easily see that just squirting cold water at your enemies is not totally unhelpful. Then making it a bit hotter and a bit hotter. Squirting boiling water no doubt required many adaptations to make sure the beetle didn’t boil itself while it was making this boiling water. That happened because there was a sequence of steps in between, all of which were useful. But with campfires, it’s very hard to see how that could happen. Humans have explanatory creativity. Once you have that, you can get to the moon. You can cause asteroids which are heading towards the earth to turn around and go away. Perhaps no other planet in the universe has that power, and it has it only because of the presence of explanatory creativity on it.

Deutsch Explains

186,329 просмотров • 1 год назад

This video was shot by a train driver in Zimbabwe to show the decomposed railway system that now exists. Zimbabwe had one of the best railway systems in the world before independence, it competed with the British Railway system and its signals system was ahead of the British system. It was all destroyed under ZANUPF, there are no more regular passenger trains in Zimbabwe. The National Railways of Zimbabwe is run by the Government. Incompetent relatives and friends of ZANUPF politicians have been appointed as managers and directors, and they ran the company into the ground. The destruction of the railway system has made doing business in Zimbabwe expensive, but the ZANUPF politicians don’t care because they own transport companies that now move goods. Sadly, the last colonial ruler, Ian Smith, made a prophecy in 1980 which, at the time, was deemed racist. He said that under ZANUPF, using the railway system would be deemed dangerous, leading to the abandonment of railway services due to corruption and incompetence. That is exactly what happened. If Smith could talk, he would say, 'I told you so.' When I write about these things, I am called a Western puppet by ZANUPF, yet I am only calling for a return to normalcy that will benefit ALL Zimbabweans! No country succeeds economically without a railway system, destroying the railway system is one of the most UNPATRIOTIC things ZANUPF has ever done! What is patriotic about running a country without a decent railway system and making your country a laughing stock due to tragic failures caused by your corruption and incompetence? The board for the National Railways of Zimbabwe is chaired by ZANUPF politician Mike Madiro. President Emmerson Mnangagwa also appointed 82-year-old ZANUPF politician Tshinga Dube to the board. Before Madiro, the board was chaired by another ZANUPF politician, Martin Dinha. All they do is loot and pillage state enterprises. That is Zimbabwe’s story under ZANUPF, and the evidence is below in this video!

Hopewell Chin’ono

191,690 просмотров • 2 лет назад

Trump's Mandate: An Extinction-Level Event for Federal Bureaucracy david friedberg breaks it down: "There's this thing that happens in biology called evolution. And a lot of people think evolution is this continuous process, but it's not." "Evolution is this process by which there is some significant growth for a period of time, and then there is an extinction event or an external force that causes what ultimately becomes what's called punctuated equilibrium." "So the whole system resets, and then the healthier, stronger species survive and they grow and they persist." "If you look at federal spending over the last couple of decades, I would argue that many of the agencies, much of the bureaucracy, many of the jobs created, many of the spending programs can kind of be viewed as species within this ecosystem that have grown a lot over the last few decades." "And I think what Trump's mandate was by the people was to be kind of the extinction event." "This is going to bring in the most disruptive force that federal agencies have ever seen." "We cannot continue the way we have been with respect to federal spending, bureaucracy, and inefficiency in the federal government, and so something has to happen." "And if this is the path by which this gets resolved, in the limited window that's in front of this particular administration, which is probably two years, maybe four, maybe this is what has to happen." cc: Elon Musk Vivek Ramaswamy Department of Government Efficiency

The All-In Podcast

117,014 просмотров • 1 год назад