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Here's a 4-hour debate I hosted on the topic of Iran war, its nuclear program, and nuclear proliferation & geopolitics in general with Scott Horton (Scott Horton) and Mark Dubowitz (Mark Dubowitz). This was intense and fascinating! It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see...

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Lex Fridman

5,298,892 subscribers

873,500 views • 1 year ago •via X (Twitter)

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Lex Fridman

604,697 views • 9 months ago

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Here's my conversation with ThePrimeagen, a programmer who has educated, entertained, and inspired millions of people to build software and have fun doing it. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:42 - Love for programming 10:15 - Hardest part of programming 12:31 - Types of programming 20:08 - Life story 30:12 - Hardship 31:44 - High school 37:30 - Porn addiction 47:16 - God 1:02:59 - Perseverance 1:12:55 - Netflix 1:25:23 - Groovy 1:30:27 - Printf() debugging 1:36:49 - Falcor 1:46:19 - Breaking production 1:49:04 - Pieter Levels 1:53:34 - Netflix, Twitch, and YouTube infrastructure 2:05:36 - ThePrimeagen origin story 2:20:52 - Learning programming languages 2:29:55 - Best programming languages in 2025 2:34:50 - Python 2:35:30 - HTML & CSS 2:36:20 - Bash 2:37:00 - FFmpeg 2:43:42 - Performance 2:46:15 - Rust 2:51:03 - Epic projects 3:04:27 - Asserts 3:13:41 - ADHD 3:21:49 - Productivity 3:26:13 - Programming setup 4:01:43 - Coffee 4:08:47 - Programming with AI 4:51:31 - Advice for young programmers 5:03:03 - Reddit questions 5:10:35 - God

Lex Fridman

1,140,718 views • 1 year ago

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Lex Fridman

358,982 views • 2 years ago

Here's my conversation with James Holland, a historian specializing in World War II. We talk about Hitler, Churchill, Chamberlain, Stalin, FDR and the biggest battles of the war on the western and eastern fronts, at may levels of analysis, including, strategic, operational, tactical, technological, etc. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 0:26 - Introduction 1:13 - World War II 11:11 - Lebensraum and Hitler ideology 18:23 - Operation Barbarossa 34:36 - Hitler vs Europe 56:22 - Joseph Goebbels 1:06:17 - Hitler before WW2 1:11:12 - Hitler vs Chamberlain 1:33:18 - Invasion of Poland 1:37:55 - Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1:45:56 - Winston Churchill 2:09:56 - Most powerful military in WW2 2:32:18 - Tanks 2:42:17 - Battle of Stalingrad 2:55:09 - Concentration camps 3:04:40 - Battle of Normandy 3:18:32 - Lessons from WW2
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Lex Fridman

896,609 views • 1 year ago

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The US and Israel are waging a war of aggression against Iran. This is not about nuclear weapons; it's about imperialism. Trump and Netanyahu admitted they want regime change. They want to put a puppet in power, like the former shah. I explain in this video. Timecodes: 0:00 USA & Israel bomb Iran 1:21 (CLIP) Trump threatens Iran's military 1:49 (CLIP) Trump calls for regime change 2:33 Iran retaliates, hitting US bases 3:26 Iran is not Venezuela, or Iraq 4:18 (CLIP) Trump fears US casualties 4:52 Israel's PM Netanyahu 6:08 US empire's plans for West Asia 7:39 (CLIP) Wesley Clark: 7 countries targeted 8:14 Nuclear weapons 9:15 Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA) 10:31 Fake US "negotiations" 12:21 Oil & gas in Middle East (West Asia) 12:45 USA wants to cut off China's oil supplies 13:55 Trump's oil blockade of Cuba 14:25 Israel: US empire's aircraft carrier 15:26 CIA coup in Iran in 1953 16:04 US-backed dictator, the shah 16:54 Iranian Revolution 17:20 Iran-Iraq War 17:52 US puppet, "crown prince" Reza Pahlavi 19:56 US-backed regime change in Syria 21:01 Imperialism 21:24 Outro

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24,621 views • 5 months ago

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Here's my conversation with Jack Weatherford all about Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. He is the author of Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World and many other books on the Mongol Empire. This was a truly fascinating conversation! It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:56 - Origin story of Genghis Khan 42:42 - Early battles & conquests 55:23 - Power 57:45 - Secret History 1:11:10 - Mongolian steppe 1:14:27 - Mounted archery and horse-riding 1:22:48 - Genghis Khan's army 1:39:00 - Military tactics and strategy 1:51:24 - Wars of conquest 1:55:48 - Dan Carlin 2:05:49 - Religious freedom 2:21:36 - Trade and the Silk Road 2:30:21 - Weapons innovation 2:31:52 - Kublai Khan and conquering China 3:13:43 - Fall of the Mongol Empire 3:40:38 - Genetic legacy 3:50:32 - Lessons from Genghis Khan 4:00:48 - Human nature 4:03:58 - Visiting Mongolia 4:23:27 - Lex: Dan Carlin 4:26:17 - Lex: Gaza

Lex Fridman

739,322 views • 1 year ago

Here's my 4-hour conversation with Marc Andreessen (Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸), where we discuss a positive vision for the future of America, given the many challenges we face. We talk about the state of the tech industry, the heated AI race, immigration, power & corruption in politics, and of course, most importantly, the critical role of humor and memes to the progress of human civilization. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:09 - Best possible future 10:32 - History of Western Civilization 19:51 - Trump in 2025 27:32 - TDS in tech 40:19 - Preference falsification 56:15 - Self-censorship 1:11:18 - Censorship 1:19:57 - Jon Stewart 1:22:43 - Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan 1:31:32 - Government pressure 1:42:19 - Nature of power 1:55:08 - Journalism 2:00:43 - Bill Ackman 2:05:40 - Trump administration 2:13:19 - DOGE 2:27:11 - H1B and immigration 3:05:05 - Little tech 3:17:25 - AI race 3:26:15 - X 3:29:47 - Yann LeCun 3:33:21 - Andrew Huberman 3:34:53 - Success 3:37:49 - God and humanity
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Here's my 4-hour conversation with Marc Andreessen (Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸), where we discuss a positive vision for the future of America, given the many challenges we face. We talk about the state of the tech industry, the heated AI race, immigration, power & corruption in politics, and of course, most importantly, the critical role of humor and memes to the progress of human civilization. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:09 - Best possible future 10:32 - History of Western Civilization 19:51 - Trump in 2025 27:32 - TDS in tech 40:19 - Preference falsification 56:15 - Self-censorship 1:11:18 - Censorship 1:19:57 - Jon Stewart 1:22:43 - Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan 1:31:32 - Government pressure 1:42:19 - Nature of power 1:55:08 - Journalism 2:00:43 - Bill Ackman 2:05:40 - Trump administration 2:13:19 - DOGE 2:27:11 - H1B and immigration 3:05:05 - Little tech 3:17:25 - AI race 3:26:15 - X 3:29:47 - Yann LeCun 3:33:21 - Andrew Huberman 3:34:53 - Success 3:37:49 - God and humanity

Lex Fridman

813,033 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with Serhii Plokhy (Serhii Plokhy), Ukrainian historian at Harvard University and author of many books on the history of Eastern Europe. As I've said, I will talk with everyone, and do my best to explore all perspectives with depth, compassion, and backbone. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:18 - Collapse of the Soviet Union 17:27 - Origins of Russia and Ukraine 30:30 - Ukrainian nationalism 38:13 - Stepan Bandera 1:07:13 - KGB 1:22:11 - War in Ukraine 1:58:27 - NATO and Russia 2:09:30 - Peace talks 2:23:17 - Ukrainian Army head Valerii Zaluzhnyi 2:29:54 - Power and War 2:40:45 - Holodomor 2:47:17 - Chernobyl 2:57:51 - Nuclear power 3:07:28 - Future of the world
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Here's my conversation with Serhii Plokhy (Serhii Plokhy), Ukrainian historian at Harvard University and author of many books on the history of Eastern Europe. As I've said, I will talk with everyone, and do my best to explore all perspectives with depth, compassion, and backbone. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:18 - Collapse of the Soviet Union 17:27 - Origins of Russia and Ukraine 30:30 - Ukrainian nationalism 38:13 - Stepan Bandera 1:07:13 - KGB 1:22:11 - War in Ukraine 1:58:27 - NATO and Russia 2:09:30 - Peace talks 2:23:17 - Ukrainian Army head Valerii Zaluzhnyi 2:29:54 - Power and War 2:40:45 - Holodomor 2:47:17 - Chernobyl 2:57:51 - Nuclear power 3:07:28 - Future of the world

Lex Fridman

311,628 views • 2 years ago

Here's my 4+ hour conversation with Pavel Durov (Pavel Durov), founder and CEO of Telegram. This was one of the most fascinating and powerful conversations I've ever had in my life. We discuss everything from his philosophy on freedom to government bureaucracies, intelligence agencies, human nature, mathematics, encryption, great engineering & design, education, family, and his philosophy on life. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). It is translated and dubbed into Russian, Ukrainian, French, and Hindi. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 3:07 - Philosophy of freedom 6:15 - No alcohol 14:20 - No phone 20:16 - Discipline 41:28 - Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics 56:50 - Arrest in France 1:13:01 - Romanian elections 1:23:56 - Power and corruption 1:33:29 - Intense education 1:45:29 - Nikolai Durov 1:49:58 - Programming and video games 1:54:11 - VK origins & engineering 2:11:24 - Hiring a great team 2:20:40 - Telegram engineering & design 2:39:42 - Encryption 2:44:39 - Open source 2:49:26 - Edward Snowden 2:51:58 - Intelligence agencies 2:53:10 - Iran and Russia government pressure 2:56:19 - Apple 3:03:16 - Poisoning 3:29:28 - Elon Musk 3:35:31 - Money 3:44:23 - TON 3:54:13 - Bitcoin 3:57:12 - Two chairs dilemma 4:03:52 - Children 4:15:02 - Father 4:19:33 - Quantum immortality 4:26:05 - Kafka
4:34:09

Here's my 4+ hour conversation with Pavel Durov (Pavel Durov), founder and CEO of Telegram. This was one of the most fascinating and powerful conversations I've ever had in my life. We discuss everything from his philosophy on freedom to government bureaucracies, intelligence agencies, human nature, mathematics, encryption, great engineering & design, education, family, and his philosophy on life. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). It is translated and dubbed into Russian, Ukrainian, French, and Hindi. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 3:07 - Philosophy of freedom 6:15 - No alcohol 14:20 - No phone 20:16 - Discipline 41:28 - Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics 56:50 - Arrest in France 1:13:01 - Romanian elections 1:23:56 - Power and corruption 1:33:29 - Intense education 1:45:29 - Nikolai Durov 1:49:58 - Programming and video games 1:54:11 - VK origins & engineering 2:11:24 - Hiring a great team 2:20:40 - Telegram engineering & design 2:39:42 - Encryption 2:44:39 - Open source 2:49:26 - Edward Snowden 2:51:58 - Intelligence agencies 2:53:10 - Iran and Russia government pressure 2:56:19 - Apple 3:03:16 - Poisoning 3:29:28 - Elon Musk 3:35:31 - Money 3:44:23 - TON 3:54:13 - Bitcoin 3:57:12 - Two chairs dilemma 4:03:52 - Children 4:15:02 - Father 4:19:33 - Quantum immortality 4:26:05 - Kafka

Lex Fridman

2,568,363 views • 10 months ago

Israel launched a defensive and preemptive strike against Iran’s nuclear operations. Here’s what we know so far. Israel targeted Iran’s nuclear sites, their ballistic missile programs, nuclear infrastructure, engineers, and nuclear scientists, and its top military commanders, including the Chief of Staff and the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, a US designated terrorist organization that arms and funds groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis. These attacks unfolded in over five waves and at over 100 quality targets in operations that included aircrafts and additional on the ground intelligence activity. This is not a war between Israel and the Iranian people. This is a fight to stop a terrorist regime from acquiring the most dangerous weapon on earth. According to the IAEA, the UN nuclear watchdog, Iran is now capable of producing up to 15 nuclear bombs. In the last few months and while pretending to negotiate a deal with the US in good faith, Iran has accelerated its nuclear enrichment and weapons program. Iran is the head of the Middle Eastern snake. Their fingerprints can be found in every single bloody conflict in the region. Iran is the greatest sponsor of terrorism in the world and their regime oppresses their own people with their Islamist ideology. Israel cannot allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon. The Middle East cannot allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon. Because a nuclear Iran doesn’t just threaten Israel, it threatens the entire world.
1:33

Israel launched a defensive and preemptive strike against Iran’s nuclear operations. Here’s what we know so far. Israel targeted Iran’s nuclear sites, their ballistic missile programs, nuclear infrastructure, engineers, and nuclear scientists, and its top military commanders, including the Chief of Staff and the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, a US designated terrorist organization that arms and funds groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis. These attacks unfolded in over five waves and at over 100 quality targets in operations that included aircrafts and additional on the ground intelligence activity. This is not a war between Israel and the Iranian people. This is a fight to stop a terrorist regime from acquiring the most dangerous weapon on earth. According to the IAEA, the UN nuclear watchdog, Iran is now capable of producing up to 15 nuclear bombs. In the last few months and while pretending to negotiate a deal with the US in good faith, Iran has accelerated its nuclear enrichment and weapons program. Iran is the head of the Middle Eastern snake. Their fingerprints can be found in every single bloody conflict in the region. Iran is the greatest sponsor of terrorism in the world and their regime oppresses their own people with their Islamist ideology. Israel cannot allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon. The Middle East cannot allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon. Because a nuclear Iran doesn’t just threaten Israel, it threatens the entire world.

Noa Tishby

24,122 views • 1 year ago

Here's the debate I hosted between Ben Shapiro and Destiny (Destiny | Steven Bonnell II), two of the most skilled political debaters in the world. They each arguably represent the right & left of American politics, respectively. The topics include Trump vs Biden, Jan 6, Israel-Palestine, Russia-Ukraine, wokeism & DEI, marriage/relationships, and more. This was intense, fascinating, and fun. It's here on X in full and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:36 - Liberalism vs Conservatism 6:49 - Education 23:06 - Trump vs Biden 43:31 - Foreign policy 56:28 - Israel-Palestine 1:11:25 - Russia-Ukraine 1:23:04 - January 6 1:39:03 - Abuse of power 1:49:01 - Wokeism 1:55:42 - Institutional capture 2:09:36 - Monogamy vs open relationships 2:14:29 - Rapid fire questions
2:19:55

Here's the debate I hosted between Ben Shapiro and Destiny (Destiny | Steven Bonnell II), two of the most skilled political debaters in the world. They each arguably represent the right & left of American politics, respectively. The topics include Trump vs Biden, Jan 6, Israel-Palestine, Russia-Ukraine, wokeism & DEI, marriage/relationships, and more. This was intense, fascinating, and fun. It's here on X in full and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:36 - Liberalism vs Conservatism 6:49 - Education 23:06 - Trump vs Biden 43:31 - Foreign policy 56:28 - Israel-Palestine 1:11:25 - Russia-Ukraine 1:23:04 - January 6 1:39:03 - Abuse of power 1:49:01 - Wokeism 1:55:42 - Institutional capture 2:09:36 - Monogamy vs open relationships 2:14:29 - Rapid fire questions

Lex Fridman

7,177,748 views • 2 years ago

Here's my conversation with Prof. Lee Cronin, a chemist and co-author of a controversial new Nature paper on the origin and evolution of life and complexity. First 3 hours are here on X. 3 hours is the current upload limit. The rest is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:15 - Assembly theory paper 21:45 - Assembly equation 34:57 - Discovering alien life 53:16 - Evolution of life on Earth 1:01:12 - Response to criticism 1:18:50 - Kolmogorov complexity 1:30:40 - Nature review process 1:51:34 - Time and free will 1:57:59 - Communication with aliens 2:19:57 - Cellular automata 2:24:26 - AGI 2:41:15 - Nuclear weapons 2:47:00 - Chem Machina 2:59:54 - GPT for electron density 3:09:24 - God
2:47:12

Here's my conversation with Prof. Lee Cronin, a chemist and co-author of a controversial new Nature paper on the origin and evolution of life and complexity. First 3 hours are here on X. 3 hours is the current upload limit. The rest is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:15 - Assembly theory paper 21:45 - Assembly equation 34:57 - Discovering alien life 53:16 - Evolution of life on Earth 1:01:12 - Response to criticism 1:18:50 - Kolmogorov complexity 1:30:40 - Nature review process 1:51:34 - Time and free will 1:57:59 - Communication with aliens 2:19:57 - Cellular automata 2:24:26 - AGI 2:41:15 - Nuclear weapons 2:47:00 - Chem Machina 2:59:54 - GPT for electron density 3:09:24 - God

Lex Fridman

791,561 views • 2 years ago

🚨🚨🚨 IRAN'S FOREIGN MINISTER JUST SAID THE MOST TERRIFYING 15 WORDS OF THIS ENTIRE WAR. READ EVERY SINGLE ONE. 🚨🚨🚨 "They struck our nuclear facilities, but they could not destroy Iran's nuclear program." That's Iran's FM Abbas Araghchi — CONFIRMING the strikes hit nuclear sites. And telling the world it didn't work. Let that sink in. 💀 The US used its most powerful bunker-buster bombs on Natanz 💀 Iran is publicly CONFIRMING the nuclear sites were hit 💀 And in the SAME sentence saying the program SURVIVED 💀 Iran isn't denying, hiding, or deflecting — they're TAUNTING 💀 "You hit us with everything you had. We're STILL here." ⚠️ The US spent $2,000,000,000,000+ developing the most advanced bunker-buster arsenal on Earth — specifically for this moment. Iran says it wasn't enough. ⚠️ Israel destroyed Iraq's Osirak reactor in 1981 with ONE strike and ended Iraq's nuclear program forever. Iran just took the same hit and said "try again." The media is showing you "US strikes Iran's nuclear facilities" like it's mission accomplished. They're NOT showing you that Iran just told the ENTIRE world: our nuclear program is deeper, more dispersed, and more protected than your best weapons can reach. Here's what that means → and what comes NEXT: → Iran built Natanz underground. The US bombed it. Iran says it survived. → Iran built Fordow INSIDE A MOUNTAIN. If Natanz survived, Fordow is untouchable. → Iran has spent 20 years building redundancy — multiple sites, multiple depths, multiple locations → The US just used its BEST shot. If it didn't work, there is no Plan B short of a nuclear weapon. Now here's the part nobody is saying out loud: Iran's nuclear program just went from "peaceful enrichment" to "existential survival." Before today, Iran could negotiate. They had leverage. They could trade their program for sanctions relief. After today? Their nuclear facilities have been BOMBED. The diplomatic path is DEAD. If you're Iran and your "peaceful" nuclear sites were just attacked — what's the argument for NOT building a weapon anymore? The US didn't destroy Iran's nuclear program. They just gave Iran the justification to FINISH it. Every nuclear expert on Earth is thinking the same thing right now: the clock to an Iranian bomb just got shorter, not longer. What happens next: → Iran accelerates enrichment at sites the US CAN'T reach → Iran withdraws from the NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) → The IAEA loses ALL access to Iranian nuclear sites → Within 12-18 months, Iran has enough material for a weapon → And the world has ZERO visibility into what's happening underground The most dangerous sentence in geopolitics isn't a threat. It's "you hit us and we're still standing." Iran just said it. To the entire world. Prepare accordingly. 🚨🚨🚨 They don't want you seeing this. Follow + RT to beat the algorithm. 🚨
0:35

🚨🚨🚨 IRAN'S FOREIGN MINISTER JUST SAID THE MOST TERRIFYING 15 WORDS OF THIS ENTIRE WAR. READ EVERY SINGLE ONE. 🚨🚨🚨 "They struck our nuclear facilities, but they could not destroy Iran's nuclear program." That's Iran's FM Abbas Araghchi — CONFIRMING the strikes hit nuclear sites. And telling the world it didn't work. Let that sink in. 💀 The US used its most powerful bunker-buster bombs on Natanz 💀 Iran is publicly CONFIRMING the nuclear sites were hit 💀 And in the SAME sentence saying the program SURVIVED 💀 Iran isn't denying, hiding, or deflecting — they're TAUNTING 💀 "You hit us with everything you had. We're STILL here." ⚠️ The US spent $2,000,000,000,000+ developing the most advanced bunker-buster arsenal on Earth — specifically for this moment. Iran says it wasn't enough. ⚠️ Israel destroyed Iraq's Osirak reactor in 1981 with ONE strike and ended Iraq's nuclear program forever. Iran just took the same hit and said "try again." The media is showing you "US strikes Iran's nuclear facilities" like it's mission accomplished. They're NOT showing you that Iran just told the ENTIRE world: our nuclear program is deeper, more dispersed, and more protected than your best weapons can reach. Here's what that means → and what comes NEXT: → Iran built Natanz underground. The US bombed it. Iran says it survived. → Iran built Fordow INSIDE A MOUNTAIN. If Natanz survived, Fordow is untouchable. → Iran has spent 20 years building redundancy — multiple sites, multiple depths, multiple locations → The US just used its BEST shot. If it didn't work, there is no Plan B short of a nuclear weapon. Now here's the part nobody is saying out loud: Iran's nuclear program just went from "peaceful enrichment" to "existential survival." Before today, Iran could negotiate. They had leverage. They could trade their program for sanctions relief. After today? Their nuclear facilities have been BOMBED. The diplomatic path is DEAD. If you're Iran and your "peaceful" nuclear sites were just attacked — what's the argument for NOT building a weapon anymore? The US didn't destroy Iran's nuclear program. They just gave Iran the justification to FINISH it. Every nuclear expert on Earth is thinking the same thing right now: the clock to an Iranian bomb just got shorter, not longer. What happens next: → Iran accelerates enrichment at sites the US CAN'T reach → Iran withdraws from the NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) → The IAEA loses ALL access to Iranian nuclear sites → Within 12-18 months, Iran has enough material for a weapon → And the world has ZERO visibility into what's happening underground The most dangerous sentence in geopolitics isn't a threat. It's "you hit us and we're still standing." Iran just said it. To the entire world. Prepare accordingly. 🚨🚨🚨 They don't want you seeing this. Follow + RT to beat the algorithm. 🚨

🇨🇳 陈杰森 Jason Chen

813,482 views • 5 months ago