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Here's my conversation with Jennifer Burns (Jennifer Burns), a historian specializing in the evolution of economics & political ideas over the past 100 years. She wrote two great biographies: one on Milton Friedman and one on Ayn Rand. This is a super-technical deep-dive on econonmics, capitalism, and ideas of... freedom in general. Also, at the end of the episode (in the outro), I reflect on my conversation with President Zelenskyy. The full episode is here on X and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:48 - Milton Friedman 15:41 - The Great Depression 29:58 - Schools of economic thought 41:05 - Keynesian economics 48:53 - Laissez-faire 56:43 - Friedrich Hayek 1:02:01 - Money and monetarism 1:16:46 - Stagflation 1:21:39 - Moral case for capitalism 1:25:35 - Freedom 1:30:34 - Ethics of competition 1:34:20 - Win-win solutions 1:36:09 - Corruption 1:38:33 - Government intervention 1:44:53 - Conservatism 1:51:16 - Donald Trump 1:53:52 - Inflation 1:58:21 - DOGE 2:03:40 - Javier Milei 2:08:46 - Richard Nixon 2:16:00 - Ronald Reagan 2:19:07 - Cryptocurrency 2:34:23 - Ayn Rand 2:42:01 - The Fountainhead 2:53:41 - Sex and power dynamics 3:09:47 - Evolution of ideas in history 3:17:15 - Postmodernism 3:28:16 - Advice to students 3:36:32 - Lex reflects on Volodymyr Zelenskyy interviewshow more

Lex Fridman

5,219,279 subscribers

458,824 views • 1 year ago •via X (Twitter)

Education Finance News & Politics

Anya Rossi• Live Now

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11 Comments

Lex Fridman1 year ago

Here's the links for my conversation with Jennifer Burns: YouTube: Spotify: Podcast:

Alexander Boldizar1 year ago

“One of the most dazzling and inventive books I’ve read in a very long time—a novel I continue to describe as indescribable. I’ve now read it twice and can’t decide if it’s a thriller, a farce, a political commentary. I don’t know what it is other than I love it” —Writers at Work

Claude1 year ago

seeing profburns dig into economic history hits different, reminds me how the biggest paradigm shifts never come from the expected playbook, while friedman talked free markets, the real revolution was brewing in garages and basements, today's economic rebellion is in those 2am git commits and borrowed bandwidth dreams

👑SAKZ1 year ago

@profburns Fascinating!

Alpha-Bravo1 year ago

@profburns Great interview I loved your intense vibrant energy

blank1 year ago

@profburns Well it's certainly not with a climate scientist anyway

George Simmonds1 year ago

@profburns Hey lex, I can’t see it on spotify

Patty1 year ago

@profburns Bookmarked to listen to. Looking forward to it

Penny2x1 year ago

@profburns Every single one of your podcasts is amazing Lex

minnu penssiia1 year ago

@profburns no more Clowns lex . Spasibo

Reza1 year ago

@profburns Keep going👊

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827,301 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with Javier Milei (Javier Milei), President of Argentina 🇦🇷. I'm posting it in both English (overdubbed) & Spanish (with subtitles) here on X and everywhere else. See comment thread for Spanish version and links. The Spanish version has me speaking Spanish 🔥 Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 3:27 - Economic freedom 8:52 - Anarcho-capitalism 18:45 - Presidency and reforms 38:05 - Poverty 44:37 - Corruption 53:14 - Freedom 1:07:26 - Elon Musk 1:12:54 - DOGE 1:14:56 - Donald Trump 1:20:56 - US and Argentina relations 1:28:05 - Messi vs Maradona 1:36:58 - God 1:39:05 - Elvis and Rolling Stones 1:42:45 - Free market 1:49:46 - Loyalty 1:52:23 - Advice for young people 1:53:49 - Hope for Argentina

Here's my conversation with Javier Milei (Javier Milei), President of Argentina 🇦🇷. I'm posting it in both English (overdubbed) & Spanish (with subtitles) here on X and everywhere else. See comment thread for Spanish version and links. The Spanish version has me speaking Spanish 🔥 Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 3:27 - Economic freedom 8:52 - Anarcho-capitalism 18:45 - Presidency and reforms 38:05 - Poverty 44:37 - Corruption 53:14 - Freedom 1:07:26 - Elon Musk 1:12:54 - DOGE 1:14:56 - Donald Trump 1:20:56 - US and Argentina relations 1:28:05 - Messi vs Maradona 1:36:58 - God 1:39:05 - Elvis and Rolling Stones 1:42:45 - Free market 1:49:46 - Loyalty 1:52:23 - Advice for young people 1:53:49 - Hope for Argentina

Lex Fridman

4,091,247 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with Greg Lukianoff (Greg Lukianoff) in full here on X all about freedom of speech, censorship, & deplatforming. He is a fist-amendment attorney, president of FIRE, and co-author w/ Rikki Schlott of the definitive new book on cancel culture. Here are the timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:11 - Cancel culture & freedom of speech 16:42 - Left-wing vs right-wing cancel culture 25:27 - Religion 28:07 - College rankings by freedom of speech 34:15 - Deplatforming 48:50 - Whataboutism 53:53 - Steelmanning 1:01:29 - How the left argues 1:12:09 - Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1:24:00 - Why colleges lean left 1:31:38 - How the right argues 1:36:13 - Hate speech 1:45:00 - Platforming 1:54:31 - Social media 2:15:38 - Depression 2:27:09 - Hope

Here's my conversation with Greg Lukianoff (Greg Lukianoff) in full here on X all about freedom of speech, censorship, & deplatforming. He is a fist-amendment attorney, president of FIRE, and co-author w/ Rikki Schlott of the definitive new book on cancel culture. Here are the timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:11 - Cancel culture & freedom of speech 16:42 - Left-wing vs right-wing cancel culture 25:27 - Religion 28:07 - College rankings by freedom of speech 34:15 - Deplatforming 48:50 - Whataboutism 53:53 - Steelmanning 1:01:29 - How the left argues 1:12:09 - Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1:24:00 - Why colleges lean left 1:31:38 - How the right argues 1:36:13 - Hate speech 1:45:00 - Platforming 1:54:31 - Social media 2:15:38 - Depression 2:27:09 - Hope

Lex Fridman

669,496 views • 2 years ago

Here's my 4-hour conversation with Marc Andreessen (Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸), where we discuss a positive vision for the future of America, given the many challenges we face. We talk about the state of the tech industry, the heated AI race, immigration, power & corruption in politics, and of course, most importantly, the critical role of humor and memes to the progress of human civilization. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:09 - Best possible future 10:32 - History of Western Civilization 19:51 - Trump in 2025 27:32 - TDS in tech 40:19 - Preference falsification 56:15 - Self-censorship 1:11:18 - Censorship 1:19:57 - Jon Stewart 1:22:43 - Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan 1:31:32 - Government pressure 1:42:19 - Nature of power 1:55:08 - Journalism 2:00:43 - Bill Ackman 2:05:40 - Trump administration 2:13:19 - DOGE 2:27:11 - H1B and immigration 3:05:05 - Little tech 3:17:25 - AI race 3:26:15 - X 3:29:47 - Yann LeCun 3:33:21 - Andrew Huberman 3:34:53 - Success 3:37:49 - God and humanity

Here's my 4-hour conversation with Marc Andreessen (Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸), where we discuss a positive vision for the future of America, given the many challenges we face. We talk about the state of the tech industry, the heated AI race, immigration, power & corruption in politics, and of course, most importantly, the critical role of humor and memes to the progress of human civilization. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:09 - Best possible future 10:32 - History of Western Civilization 19:51 - Trump in 2025 27:32 - TDS in tech 40:19 - Preference falsification 56:15 - Self-censorship 1:11:18 - Censorship 1:19:57 - Jon Stewart 1:22:43 - Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan 1:31:32 - Government pressure 1:42:19 - Nature of power 1:55:08 - Journalism 2:00:43 - Bill Ackman 2:05:40 - Trump administration 2:13:19 - DOGE 2:27:11 - H1B and immigration 3:05:05 - Little tech 3:17:25 - AI race 3:26:15 - X 3:29:47 - Yann LeCun 3:33:21 - Andrew Huberman 3:34:53 - Success 3:37:49 - God and humanity

Lex Fridman

813,033 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with ThePrimeagen, a programmer who has educated, entertained, and inspired millions of people to build software and have fun doing it. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:42 - Love for programming 10:15 - Hardest part of programming 12:31 - Types of programming 20:08 - Life story 30:12 - Hardship 31:44 - High school 37:30 - Porn addiction 47:16 - God 1:02:59 - Perseverance 1:12:55 - Netflix 1:25:23 - Groovy 1:30:27 - Printf() debugging 1:36:49 - Falcor 1:46:19 - Breaking production 1:49:04 - Pieter Levels 1:53:34 - Netflix, Twitch, and YouTube infrastructure 2:05:36 - ThePrimeagen origin story 2:20:52 - Learning programming languages 2:29:55 - Best programming languages in 2025 2:34:50 - Python 2:35:30 - HTML & CSS 2:36:20 - Bash 2:37:00 - FFmpeg 2:43:42 - Performance 2:46:15 - Rust 2:51:03 - Epic projects 3:04:27 - Asserts 3:13:41 - ADHD 3:21:49 - Productivity 3:26:13 - Programming setup 4:01:43 - Coffee 4:08:47 - Programming with AI 4:51:31 - Advice for young programmers 5:03:03 - Reddit questions 5:10:35 - God

Here's my conversation with ThePrimeagen, a programmer who has educated, entertained, and inspired millions of people to build software and have fun doing it. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:42 - Love for programming 10:15 - Hardest part of programming 12:31 - Types of programming 20:08 - Life story 30:12 - Hardship 31:44 - High school 37:30 - Porn addiction 47:16 - God 1:02:59 - Perseverance 1:12:55 - Netflix 1:25:23 - Groovy 1:30:27 - Printf() debugging 1:36:49 - Falcor 1:46:19 - Breaking production 1:49:04 - Pieter Levels 1:53:34 - Netflix, Twitch, and YouTube infrastructure 2:05:36 - ThePrimeagen origin story 2:20:52 - Learning programming languages 2:29:55 - Best programming languages in 2025 2:34:50 - Python 2:35:30 - HTML & CSS 2:36:20 - Bash 2:37:00 - FFmpeg 2:43:42 - Performance 2:46:15 - Rust 2:51:03 - Epic projects 3:04:27 - Asserts 3:13:41 - ADHD 3:21:49 - Productivity 3:26:13 - Programming setup 4:01:43 - Coffee 4:08:47 - Programming with AI 4:51:31 - Advice for young programmers 5:03:03 - Reddit questions 5:10:35 - God

Lex Fridman

1,140,718 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with Marc Raibert, founder and long-time CEO of Boston Dynamics, and head of their new AI Institute, all about the history and future of robotics. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:43 - Early robots 6:47 - Legged robots 25:27 - Boston Dynamics 28:45 - BigDog 36:52 - Hydraulic actuation 38:44 - Natural movement 44:31 - Leg Lab 51:23 - AI Institute 54:41 - Athletic intelligence 1:02:35 - Building a team 1:05:37 - Videos 1:13:25 - Engineering 1:16:53 - Dancing robots 1:21:40 - Hiring 1:25:32 - Optimus robot 1:34:02 - Future of robotics 1:38:56 - Advice for young people

Here's my conversation with Marc Raibert, founder and long-time CEO of Boston Dynamics, and head of their new AI Institute, all about the history and future of robotics. It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:43 - Early robots 6:47 - Legged robots 25:27 - Boston Dynamics 28:45 - BigDog 36:52 - Hydraulic actuation 38:44 - Natural movement 44:31 - Leg Lab 51:23 - AI Institute 54:41 - Athletic intelligence 1:02:35 - Building a team 1:05:37 - Videos 1:13:25 - Engineering 1:16:53 - Dancing robots 1:21:40 - Hiring 1:25:32 - Optimus robot 1:34:02 - Future of robotics 1:38:56 - Advice for young people

Lex Fridman

484,938 views • 2 years ago

Here's my conversation with the founding team of Cursor, a popular code editor (based on VSCode) that specializes in AI-assisted programming. This is a super technical conversation that is bigger than just about one code editor. It's about the future of programming and, in general, the future of human-AI collaboration. It's here on X in full, and is up on everywhere else. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:59 - Code editor basics 3:09 - GitHub Copilot 10:27 - Cursor 16:54 - Cursor Tab 23:08 - Code diff 31:20 - ML details 36:54 - GPT vs Claude 43:28 - Prompt engineering 50:54 - AI agents 1:04:51 - Running code in background 1:09:31 - Debugging 1:14:58 - Dangerous code 1:26:09 - Branching file systems 1:29:20 - Scaling challenges 1:43:32 - Context 1:48:39 - OpenAI o1 2:00:01 - Synthetic data 2:03:48 - RLHF vs RLAIF 2:05:34 - Fields Medal for AI 2:08:17 - Scaling laws 2:17:06 - The future of programming

Here's my conversation with the founding team of Cursor, a popular code editor (based on VSCode) that specializes in AI-assisted programming. This is a super technical conversation that is bigger than just about one code editor. It's about the future of programming and, in general, the future of human-AI collaboration. It's here on X in full, and is up on everywhere else. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:59 - Code editor basics 3:09 - GitHub Copilot 10:27 - Cursor 16:54 - Cursor Tab 23:08 - Code diff 31:20 - ML details 36:54 - GPT vs Claude 43:28 - Prompt engineering 50:54 - AI agents 1:04:51 - Running code in background 1:09:31 - Debugging 1:14:58 - Dangerous code 1:26:09 - Branching file systems 1:29:20 - Scaling challenges 1:43:32 - Context 1:48:39 - OpenAI o1 2:00:01 - Synthetic data 2:03:48 - RLHF vs RLAIF 2:05:34 - Fields Medal for AI 2:08:17 - Scaling laws 2:17:06 - The future of programming

Lex Fridman

1,261,340 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with astrophysicist Janna Levin all about black holes, information paradox, general relativity, quantum mechanics, gravitational waves, wormholes, alien civilization, and more. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 2:03 - Introduction 3:03 - Black holes 10:37 - Formation of black holes 21:28 - Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb 27:50 - Inside the black hole 40:53 - Supermassive black holes 44:22 - Physics of spacetime 47:25 - General relativity 52:56 - Gravity 1:09:29 - Information paradox 1:17:59 - Fuzzballs & soft hair 1:21:10 - ER = EPR 1:27:49 - Firewall 1:36:41 - Extra dimensions 1:39:06 - Aliens 1:54:42 - Wormholes 2:05:40 - Dark matter and dark energy 2:15:43 - Gravitational waves 2:27:51 - Alan Turing and Kurt Godel 2:40:05 - Grigori Perelman, Andrew Wiles, and Terence Tao 2:46:40 - Art and science 2:56:19 - The biggest mystery

Here's my conversation with astrophysicist Janna Levin all about black holes, information paradox, general relativity, quantum mechanics, gravitational waves, wormholes, alien civilization, and more. It's here on X in full, and is up everywhere else too (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 2:03 - Introduction 3:03 - Black holes 10:37 - Formation of black holes 21:28 - Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb 27:50 - Inside the black hole 40:53 - Supermassive black holes 44:22 - Physics of spacetime 47:25 - General relativity 52:56 - Gravity 1:09:29 - Information paradox 1:17:59 - Fuzzballs & soft hair 1:21:10 - ER = EPR 1:27:49 - Firewall 1:36:41 - Extra dimensions 1:39:06 - Aliens 1:54:42 - Wormholes 2:05:40 - Dark matter and dark energy 2:15:43 - Gravitational waves 2:27:51 - Alan Turing and Kurt Godel 2:40:05 - Grigori Perelman, Andrew Wiles, and Terence Tao 2:46:40 - Art and science 2:56:19 - The biggest mystery

Lex Fridman

564,826 views • 1 year ago

Here's my conversation with Cenk Uygur (Cenk Uygur), a progressive political commentator who makes the case for left-wing progressive ideas. We discuss communism, capitalism, and corruption in politics among many other topics. First 4 hours are here on X, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else in full. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:03 - Progressivism 8:12 - Communism 23:00 - Capitalism 29:03 - Corruption 33:49 - Money in politics 50:36 - Fixing politics 1:09:47 - Meritocracy & DEI 1:20:45 - Far-left vs far-right 1:55:19 - Donald Trump 2:15:36 - Joe Biden 2:34:03 - Bernie Sanders 2:47:32 - Kamala Harris 2:55:00 - Harris vs Trump presidential debate 3:08:31 - RFK Jr 3:18:12 - The Young Turks 3:26:25 - Joe Rogan 3:36:05 - Propaganda 3:43:22 - Conspiracy theories 3:51:09 - Israel-Palestine 4:00:56 - Hope

Here's my conversation with Cenk Uygur (Cenk Uygur), a progressive political commentator who makes the case for left-wing progressive ideas. We discuss communism, capitalism, and corruption in politics among many other topics. First 4 hours are here on X, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else in full. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:03 - Progressivism 8:12 - Communism 23:00 - Capitalism 29:03 - Corruption 33:49 - Money in politics 50:36 - Fixing politics 1:09:47 - Meritocracy & DEI 1:20:45 - Far-left vs far-right 1:55:19 - Donald Trump 2:15:36 - Joe Biden 2:34:03 - Bernie Sanders 2:47:32 - Kamala Harris 2:55:00 - Harris vs Trump presidential debate 3:08:31 - RFK Jr 3:18:12 - The Young Turks 3:26:25 - Joe Rogan 3:36:05 - Propaganda 3:43:22 - Conspiracy theories 3:51:09 - Israel-Palestine 4:00:56 - Hope

Lex Fridman

358,982 views • 2 years ago

Here's my conversation with Pieter Levels (@levelsio), self-taught developer and entrepreneur who designed, programmed, shipped, and ran over 40 startups, many of which are hugely successful. In most cases, he did it all by himself, while living the digital nomad life in over 40 countries and over 150 cities. This was a fun and inspiring conversation! It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:03 - Startup philosophy 9:34 - Low points 13:03 - 12 startups in 12 months 19:55 - Traveling and depression 32:34 - Indie hacking 36:37 - Photo AI 1:12:53 - How to learn AI 1:21:30 - Robots 1:29:47 - Hoodmaps 1:53:52 - Learning new programming languages 2:03:24 - Monetize your website 2:09:59 - Fighting SPAM 2:13:33 - Automation 2:24:58 - When to sell startup 2:27:52 - Coding solo 2:33:54 - Ship fast 2:42:38 - Best IDE for programming 2:52:09 - Andrej Karpathy 3:01:34 - Productivity 3:15:21 - Minimalism 3:24:07 - Emails 3:31:20 - Coffee 3:39:05 - E/acc 3:41:21 - Advice for young people

Here's my conversation with Pieter Levels (@levelsio), self-taught developer and entrepreneur who designed, programmed, shipped, and ran over 40 startups, many of which are hugely successful. In most cases, he did it all by himself, while living the digital nomad life in over 40 countries and over 150 cities. This was a fun and inspiring conversation! It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment. Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 2:03 - Startup philosophy 9:34 - Low points 13:03 - 12 startups in 12 months 19:55 - Traveling and depression 32:34 - Indie hacking 36:37 - Photo AI 1:12:53 - How to learn AI 1:21:30 - Robots 1:29:47 - Hoodmaps 1:53:52 - Learning new programming languages 2:03:24 - Monetize your website 2:09:59 - Fighting SPAM 2:13:33 - Automation 2:24:58 - When to sell startup 2:27:52 - Coding solo 2:33:54 - Ship fast 2:42:38 - Best IDE for programming 2:52:09 - Andrej Karpathy 3:01:34 - Productivity 3:15:21 - Minimalism 3:24:07 - Emails 3:31:20 - Coffee 3:39:05 - E/acc 3:41:21 - Advice for young people

Lex Fridman

2,441,384 views • 2 years ago