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HOW TO COOL AI SERVERS IN LOW EARTH ORBIT—SOLVED - Revolutionary Cooling for Space-Based AI: Adapting JWST’s Acoustic Cryogenic System for the Next Frontier The unforgiving vacuum of space, where temperatures plummet to near absolute zero, managing heat is a paradoxical challenge. Satellites and spacecraft generate internal warmth from...

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📸✨ Where is the James Webb Space Telescope? It’s not orbiting Earth — it’s 1.5 million km away at a spot called Lagrange Point 2 (L2)! 🚀 But JWST doesn’t sit exactly at L2 — it moves in a smooth loop around it, called a halo orbit. 🌀 This orbit keeps JWST from ever falling into Earth or Moon’s shadow, ensuring constant solar power and a stable temperature for the giant sunshield. ⚡❄️ JWST looks at the universe in infrared light, which is basically heat. If the telescope itself gets even a little warm, it could end up detecting its own heat instead of distant galaxies! 🔥😬 That’s why JWST must stay colder than -233°C (-388°F). To do that, it uses a massive five-layer sunshield — always positioned between its delicate instruments and the Sun, Earth, and Moon. ☀️🌍🌙⬅️🛡️📷 All the heat stays on one side, and the science happens in the cold, quiet shadow on the other. From there, JWST captures mind-blowing images of newborn stars, ancient galaxies, and far-off worlds. 🌌🪐 #JamesWebb #JWST #WebbTelescope #HaloOrbit #LagrangePoint #StarWalk
0:44

📸✨ Where is the James Webb Space Telescope? It’s not orbiting Earth — it’s 1.5 million km away at a spot called Lagrange Point 2 (L2)! 🚀 But JWST doesn’t sit exactly at L2 — it moves in a smooth loop around it, called a halo orbit. 🌀 This orbit keeps JWST from ever falling into Earth or Moon’s shadow, ensuring constant solar power and a stable temperature for the giant sunshield. ⚡❄️ JWST looks at the universe in infrared light, which is basically heat. If the telescope itself gets even a little warm, it could end up detecting its own heat instead of distant galaxies! 🔥😬 That’s why JWST must stay colder than -233°C (-388°F). To do that, it uses a massive five-layer sunshield — always positioned between its delicate instruments and the Sun, Earth, and Moon. ☀️🌍🌙⬅️🛡️📷 All the heat stays on one side, and the science happens in the cold, quiet shadow on the other. From there, JWST captures mind-blowing images of newborn stars, ancient galaxies, and far-off worlds. 🌌🪐 #JamesWebb #JWST #WebbTelescope #HaloOrbit #LagrangePoint #StarWalk

Star Walk

14,796 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Elon Musk just explained why the SpaceX IPO is an energy story and the energy constraint is why he believes space becomes the only viable path for AI to scale (Save this). The argument he is making is one of the most important and least understood things happening in technology right now. The United States currently consumes roughly 500 gigawatts of electricity on average. To double that capacity which is what continued AI expansion on the current terrestrial trajectory would eventually require would mean building as many power plants as currently exist in the entire country. He is not arguing that this is technically impossible, just that communities are not willing to accept it, that permitting timelines make it unrealistic, and that the hard ceiling on Earth based power generation means the expansion of AI compute will eventually hit a wall that no amount of capital can overcome on the ground. His observation is that in space, that wall does not exist. A solar panel in orbit produces roughly five times more power than the same panel on Earth, operates in continuous sunlight uninterrupted by weather or nighttime, and benefits from the vacuum of space as a completely passive cooling system meaning the two largest operating costs of any terrestrial data center, energy and cooling, are effectively eliminated. He then said that you could theoretically increase harnessed energy by a factor of one million and still be using less than a millionth of the sun's total energy output. This is the underlying physics of why SpaceX filed with the FCC to launch up to one million solar powered AI satellites, and why they described that constellation in their own filing as a first step toward becoming a Kardashev Type II civilization capable of harnessing the full power of the sun. To understand what makes this credible rather than visionary, you need to understand what SpaceX already controls that no other company on earth possesses. Starship, once operating at full cadence, can deliver 100 to 150 tons of payload to orbit per launch, at a target cost per kilogram that is an order of magnitude lower than any existing vehicle. Musk's stated ambition is to scale Starship to 10,000 to 30,000 launches per year, a frequency that would allow the deployment of orbital compute infrastructure at a pace that is currently unimaginable with any existing rocket. He told xAI staff earlier this year that achieving space-based AI at scale will eventually require manufacturing facilities on the moon, building solar panels and heat dissipation structures from lunar silicon and aluminum, and launching them into orbit from there rather than from Earth's surface because the moon's lower gravity makes the economics of launch dramatically more favorable. SpaceX's S-1 filing explicitly states that its launch capabilities could enable massive AI compute satellite constellations with the potential for millions of satellites for orbital data centers, with the first launch potentially occurring as soon as 2028. Google and Alphabet are already in advanced talks with SpaceX about deploying space-based data centers. Starcloud, a startup running Nvidia H100 GPUs in orbit, has already validated that high-performance AI inference workloads can operate in space, with plans to scale to five gigawatts of orbital compute power by 2035. This is why Musk believes the cost crossover happens in two to three years because SpaceX's launch cost trajectory intersects with the accelerating energy constraint on the ground in a way that makes space genuinely cheaper, faster, and less regulated at exactly the moment AI demand is hitting its hardest physical limits.
1:01

Elon Musk just explained why the SpaceX IPO is an energy story and the energy constraint is why he believes space becomes the only viable path for AI to scale (Save this). The argument he is making is one of the most important and least understood things happening in technology right now. The United States currently consumes roughly 500 gigawatts of electricity on average. To double that capacity which is what continued AI expansion on the current terrestrial trajectory would eventually require would mean building as many power plants as currently exist in the entire country. He is not arguing that this is technically impossible, just that communities are not willing to accept it, that permitting timelines make it unrealistic, and that the hard ceiling on Earth based power generation means the expansion of AI compute will eventually hit a wall that no amount of capital can overcome on the ground. His observation is that in space, that wall does not exist. A solar panel in orbit produces roughly five times more power than the same panel on Earth, operates in continuous sunlight uninterrupted by weather or nighttime, and benefits from the vacuum of space as a completely passive cooling system meaning the two largest operating costs of any terrestrial data center, energy and cooling, are effectively eliminated. He then said that you could theoretically increase harnessed energy by a factor of one million and still be using less than a millionth of the sun's total energy output. This is the underlying physics of why SpaceX filed with the FCC to launch up to one million solar powered AI satellites, and why they described that constellation in their own filing as a first step toward becoming a Kardashev Type II civilization capable of harnessing the full power of the sun. To understand what makes this credible rather than visionary, you need to understand what SpaceX already controls that no other company on earth possesses. Starship, once operating at full cadence, can deliver 100 to 150 tons of payload to orbit per launch, at a target cost per kilogram that is an order of magnitude lower than any existing vehicle. Musk's stated ambition is to scale Starship to 10,000 to 30,000 launches per year, a frequency that would allow the deployment of orbital compute infrastructure at a pace that is currently unimaginable with any existing rocket. He told xAI staff earlier this year that achieving space-based AI at scale will eventually require manufacturing facilities on the moon, building solar panels and heat dissipation structures from lunar silicon and aluminum, and launching them into orbit from there rather than from Earth's surface because the moon's lower gravity makes the economics of launch dramatically more favorable. SpaceX's S-1 filing explicitly states that its launch capabilities could enable massive AI compute satellite constellations with the potential for millions of satellites for orbital data centers, with the first launch potentially occurring as soon as 2028. Google and Alphabet are already in advanced talks with SpaceX about deploying space-based data centers. Starcloud, a startup running Nvidia H100 GPUs in orbit, has already validated that high-performance AI inference workloads can operate in space, with plans to scale to five gigawatts of orbital compute power by 2035. This is why Musk believes the cost crossover happens in two to three years because SpaceX's launch cost trajectory intersects with the accelerating energy constraint on the ground in a way that makes space genuinely cheaper, faster, and less regulated at exactly the moment AI demand is hitting its hardest physical limits.

Milk Road AI

12,140 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

I'd like to take a second to discuss what it means for a storm to be a Category 5. It's a beautiful, mesmerizing, terrifying and awe-inspiring pageant of power and elegance. It's the atmosphere at its most dynamic, raw and extreme. The hurricane has to have an absolutely perfect, undisturbed balance. It's an extremely rare feat. A Category 5 is like a spinning top whirring on a table; even the slightest jiggle can knock it off-kilter – like bumping the table. There must be virtually no shear, or changing winds with height. The upper-level winds around the system must be relatively calm. It's incredible to think that the planet's most furious storms are born out of an abundance of calm. The waters must be exceptionally warm – upwards of 86 degrees – to be replete with "oceanic heat content," or heat energy for the hurricane to draw upon. The warm waters heat and moisten the air above. That air rushes into the building hurricane. As air nears the center of the storm, it expands due to the hurricane's low pressure. That expansion releases heat energy to the environment, encouraging air to rise and powering the storm. In theory, that air parcel (pocket) should cool, but it doesn't. Why? It's still being heated by the oceans below. The ocean is constantly re-heating the lower atmosphere – and energizing the storm – at the exact same rate the air is releasing heat energy into the storm. Most of the moisture in the air condenses and produces rain, releasing even more "latent heat" to the environment. Near the hurricane's center, there's a lot of heat energy. So much so that the air rises, as if in a chimney. That rising air literally lifts air up and away from the surface. There's literally less air, and therefore less air weight, or *pressure*, at the center of the storm. Most Category 5 hurricanes are "missing" about 8-10 percent of the air from the middle. It's that deficit of air that behaves like a vacuum of sorts. Air from outside the storm rushes in to fill the void, like water spiraling into a sink drain. The greater the deficit, the faster the winds. The wind increases exponentially closer to the center of the storm; Category 5 hurricanes have winds over 157 mph. So why doesn't the eye, with the "missing" air, just "fill in?" Because the hurricane is rotating so furiously! The air is flung outwards by the "centrifugal force" at the exact same rate it's being pulled inwards by the "pressure gradient force." The air can never fully reach the eye – and instead it swirls around and around, like water perpetually sloshing around the edges of a toilet. We call that "cyclostrophic balance." Thus, the eye doesn't fill in. The storm charges on. And – until the system is torn apart by disruptive upper-level winds or moves over cooler waters/land – it continues.
0:26

I'd like to take a second to discuss what it means for a storm to be a Category 5. It's a beautiful, mesmerizing, terrifying and awe-inspiring pageant of power and elegance. It's the atmosphere at its most dynamic, raw and extreme. The hurricane has to have an absolutely perfect, undisturbed balance. It's an extremely rare feat. A Category 5 is like a spinning top whirring on a table; even the slightest jiggle can knock it off-kilter – like bumping the table. There must be virtually no shear, or changing winds with height. The upper-level winds around the system must be relatively calm. It's incredible to think that the planet's most furious storms are born out of an abundance of calm. The waters must be exceptionally warm – upwards of 86 degrees – to be replete with "oceanic heat content," or heat energy for the hurricane to draw upon. The warm waters heat and moisten the air above. That air rushes into the building hurricane. As air nears the center of the storm, it expands due to the hurricane's low pressure. That expansion releases heat energy to the environment, encouraging air to rise and powering the storm. In theory, that air parcel (pocket) should cool, but it doesn't. Why? It's still being heated by the oceans below. The ocean is constantly re-heating the lower atmosphere – and energizing the storm – at the exact same rate the air is releasing heat energy into the storm. Most of the moisture in the air condenses and produces rain, releasing even more "latent heat" to the environment. Near the hurricane's center, there's a lot of heat energy. So much so that the air rises, as if in a chimney. That rising air literally lifts air up and away from the surface. There's literally less air, and therefore less air weight, or *pressure*, at the center of the storm. Most Category 5 hurricanes are "missing" about 8-10 percent of the air from the middle. It's that deficit of air that behaves like a vacuum of sorts. Air from outside the storm rushes in to fill the void, like water spiraling into a sink drain. The greater the deficit, the faster the winds. The wind increases exponentially closer to the center of the storm; Category 5 hurricanes have winds over 157 mph. So why doesn't the eye, with the "missing" air, just "fill in?" Because the hurricane is rotating so furiously! The air is flung outwards by the "centrifugal force" at the exact same rate it's being pulled inwards by the "pressure gradient force." The air can never fully reach the eye – and instead it swirls around and around, like water perpetually sloshing around the edges of a toilet. We call that "cyclostrophic balance." Thus, the eye doesn't fill in. The storm charges on. And – until the system is torn apart by disruptive upper-level winds or moves over cooler waters/land – it continues.

Matthew Cappucci

24,772 görüntüleme • 11 ay önce

This is the next big plan for SpaceX: AI Data Centers in Space. • To achieve even a small fraction of a Kardashev Type II civilization (harnessing the full energy of the Sun), AI compute will require orders of magnitude more energy than Earth can ever provide. • Earth only intercepts about 1–2 billionths of the Sun’s total energy output. • Massive-scale AI (e.g., a million times more energy than Earth could produce) can only be powered by capturing far more solar energy in space. • Space-based solar-powered AI satellites/compute clusters are therefore inevitable. • In space, sunlight is continuous (no night, no clouds, no atmosphere), so no batteries are needed. • Solar panels in space can be extremely lightweight and cheap (no glass, no storm-proof framing required). • Cooling in space is dramatically easier and simpler: just radiate heat directly into the cold vacuum — no water, no fans, no liquids, no massive cooling infrastructure. • Most of the mass/volume of current supercomputer racks (e.g., GB300) is cooling hardware; in space that largely disappears. • The cost-effectiveness of electricity and compute in space will soon be overwhelmingly better than on Earth. • Elon’s Prediction: within ~5 years (by ~2030), the lowest-cost way to run large-scale AI will be solar-powered satellites in space. • A terawatt/year of AI compute is essentially impossible on Earth with any realistic build-out of power plants. • Scaling both power generation and cooling on Earth at the required rate is physically and politically unfeasible.
3:55

This is the next big plan for SpaceX: AI Data Centers in Space. • To achieve even a small fraction of a Kardashev Type II civilization (harnessing the full energy of the Sun), AI compute will require orders of magnitude more energy than Earth can ever provide. • Earth only intercepts about 1–2 billionths of the Sun’s total energy output. • Massive-scale AI (e.g., a million times more energy than Earth could produce) can only be powered by capturing far more solar energy in space. • Space-based solar-powered AI satellites/compute clusters are therefore inevitable. • In space, sunlight is continuous (no night, no clouds, no atmosphere), so no batteries are needed. • Solar panels in space can be extremely lightweight and cheap (no glass, no storm-proof framing required). • Cooling in space is dramatically easier and simpler: just radiate heat directly into the cold vacuum — no water, no fans, no liquids, no massive cooling infrastructure. • Most of the mass/volume of current supercomputer racks (e.g., GB300) is cooling hardware; in space that largely disappears. • The cost-effectiveness of electricity and compute in space will soon be overwhelmingly better than on Earth. • Elon’s Prediction: within ~5 years (by ~2030), the lowest-cost way to run large-scale AI will be solar-powered satellites in space. • A terawatt/year of AI compute is essentially impossible on Earth with any realistic build-out of power plants. • Scaling both power generation and cooling on Earth at the required rate is physically and politically unfeasible.

Nic Cruz Patane

49,019 görüntüleme • 7 ay önce

This new video, taken by NASA's Parker Solar Probe during its 21st close approach to the Sun, shows a stunning view of the Solar System from inside Mercury’s orbit. It captures solar phenomena like coronal streamers, a small coronal mass ejection, and high-energy particles streaking past the camera. Visible planets include Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter. A comet, Tsuchinshan-ATLAS, briefly appears with its tail. These observations help us understand how the Sun affects space weather, satellites, astronauts, and Earth’s power grids. Parker Solar Probe is flying closer to the Sun than any spacecraft before it, eventually reaching within 6 million kilometers of the surface. Coronal streamers are bright, plasma-filled structures from the Sun’s outer atmosphere that stretch into space. High-energy particle streaks are due to solar energetic particles hitting the camera, essentially, you're watching radiation in real time. Tsuchinshan-ATLAS is a recently discovered comet, and its tail’s appearance in the video is a rare, spectacular moment. This data is crucial for understanding space weather, which can disrupt communication, GPS, and power systems on Earth.
1:19

This new video, taken by NASA's Parker Solar Probe during its 21st close approach to the Sun, shows a stunning view of the Solar System from inside Mercury’s orbit. It captures solar phenomena like coronal streamers, a small coronal mass ejection, and high-energy particles streaking past the camera. Visible planets include Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Earth, Mars, and Jupiter. A comet, Tsuchinshan-ATLAS, briefly appears with its tail. These observations help us understand how the Sun affects space weather, satellites, astronauts, and Earth’s power grids. Parker Solar Probe is flying closer to the Sun than any spacecraft before it, eventually reaching within 6 million kilometers of the surface. Coronal streamers are bright, plasma-filled structures from the Sun’s outer atmosphere that stretch into space. High-energy particle streaks are due to solar energetic particles hitting the camera, essentially, you're watching radiation in real time. Tsuchinshan-ATLAS is a recently discovered comet, and its tail’s appearance in the video is a rare, spectacular moment. This data is crucial for understanding space weather, which can disrupt communication, GPS, and power systems on Earth.

Erika 

38,506 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

I’m seeing a lot of questions on the launch of China’s Chang’e 6 mission yesterday to get samples - for the first time - from the far side of the moon. We don’t know (afaik) why specifically they’re doing that, but we have a pretty good idea what grand vision China is working towards with their space program. How? From this 2022 video by Chas Freeman (former Assistant Secretary of Defense and Nixon's interpreter during his era-defining 1972 China visit), who imho is undoubtedly one of the most knowledgeable former US officials on China. He says that according to his own discussions with people running China’s space program, they’re following the vision described in the book "The high frontier" by Gerard K. O'Neill, which Freeman says has "become the bible of the Chinese space program". I read the book. So what vision does it describe? The book was written in 1976 by O'Neill who was a professor of physics at Princeton University. He also founded the Space Studies Institute, an organization devoted to funding research into space manufacturing and colonization. In other words, he knew his stuff. The book makes the very fair point that we have massive resource constraints on earth, especially given the growing population. He estimated in 1976 that we should be "about six and a half billion people in the year 2000", and we were 6.114 billion back then so he was pretty prescient. He estimates that these constraints will progressively give rise to more and more social tensions as the growing earth population competes for our limited resources as well as faces global problems like climate change. In his view, dealing with this will either require "an authoritarian regime capable of mounting the immense task of social reorganization needed to escape catastrophe" or, alternatively, “mankind would [need to adopt] a static society [that would be] forced in self-defense to suppress new ideas". The 3rd alternative is of course the colonization of space. The most interesting aspect of the book is that he claims everything he writes is feasible with knowledge and technology that already existed in the late 70s. In short he calls for the establishment of large human habitats in the Earth-Moon system, located at stable Lagrange points ("parking spots" in space where gravity from different spatial bodies cancel each other out). In particular he developed the concept of what's known today as the "O'Neill cylinder" which he says "could support quite easily a population of ten million people, growing its food in agricultural cylinders near but outside the main habitat". Energy-wise, it'd simply make use of solar energy via a system of mirrors. As he describes it: "the concentration of the unvarying, intense sunlight of space by very lightweight, inexpensive mirrors can provide all the energy that industry will ever need [...] at a fraction of a cent per kilowatt-hour". He envisages building these habitats with material from the moon, shot into space via "mass drivers", a form of electromagnetic catapult. Also "the habitats would have artificial gravity similar as that of earth by rotating about twenty-eight times an hour”, but he also envisages low-gravity areas, especially for recreational activities such as swimming pools or dancing representations. To trade with earth, he develops the idea of beaming solar power back to earth via "microwave from solar power stations in orbit". As he describes it "the microwave beam would arrive at Earth with a beam width of about seven kilometers. Its intensity would be modest, less than half that of sunlight. In contrast to sunlight, though, it would be there all the time, even at night or in clouds or rain, and it would be in a form ready for conversion to DC current with a loss of only 10 percent. The areas receiving these beams’ output on Earth would be fenced, and outside the fence the intensity of microwave radiation would be no higher than outside a microwave oven with the door closed. He estimates that if "Satellite Solar Power Stations (SSPS) were to become the sole source of electric energy in the United States in the year 2000, the land area necessary for the SSPS antennas would still be only 0.2 percent of that of the continental United States". In short, the establishment of space colonies could lead to the fulfillment of a good share of Earth's energy needs. Last but not least he describes life in space habitats as better than that of earth, largely thanks to the level of control we'd have over the environment (total climate control which would enable an abundance of food and no natural disaster) as well as unlimited cheap energy. To conclude, Chas Freeman typically really knows his stuff when it comes to China and he’s very intellectually honest (a rare trait among US officials) so I have no doubt he tells the truth when he says the Chinese told him that was the vision. And China famously thinks very big and very long term so it would be quite like them to go for something like this. There are also quite a few tangible signs that China is working towards that vision. See for instance this November 2022 news where “China’s space station will join a project to collect solar power from space and send it to Earth in a high-energy microwave beam”: That’s exactly O’Neill’s vision! Or check this October 2022 news that says China is developing new "electromagnetic sledges" that can propel a carriage weighing a few tonnes to a record speed, with a key application for this being “aerospace”: Remember: O’Neill’s vision is to build his habitats with material from the moon, shot into space via "mass drivers", a form of electromagnetic catapult. So there you go… Or also the fact that the Chinese will build, together with the Russians, a moon base - planned for 2028 - powered by a “space nuclear reactor” that’s already been developed (on Earth) and has passed review by China’s Ministry of Science: The space nuclear reactor can generate 1MW of electricity, enough to power 10 International Space Stations. Enough power, maybe, to undertake mining activity and power an electromagnetic catapult… After visions change, the world changes, so it’s also possible that China’s view on what they want to do has evolved. In any case, Chas Freeman is right that China’s motivation for all its initiatives in space can’t just be to “boldly explore where no-one has been before”, they have to be working towards something. And Freeman is also absolutely right to lament that the U.S. decided to ban any cooperation in space with the Chinese. Those endeavors are something that could have been jointly developed as a multilateral effort to unite us all as a species… Instead China is now forced to go at it alone with Russia and we face a future where our petty divisions on Earth will be carried with us to space…
3:58

I’m seeing a lot of questions on the launch of China’s Chang’e 6 mission yesterday to get samples - for the first time - from the far side of the moon. We don’t know (afaik) why specifically they’re doing that, but we have a pretty good idea what grand vision China is working towards with their space program. How? From this 2022 video by Chas Freeman (former Assistant Secretary of Defense and Nixon's interpreter during his era-defining 1972 China visit), who imho is undoubtedly one of the most knowledgeable former US officials on China. He says that according to his own discussions with people running China’s space program, they’re following the vision described in the book "The high frontier" by Gerard K. O'Neill, which Freeman says has "become the bible of the Chinese space program". I read the book. So what vision does it describe? The book was written in 1976 by O'Neill who was a professor of physics at Princeton University. He also founded the Space Studies Institute, an organization devoted to funding research into space manufacturing and colonization. In other words, he knew his stuff. The book makes the very fair point that we have massive resource constraints on earth, especially given the growing population. He estimated in 1976 that we should be "about six and a half billion people in the year 2000", and we were 6.114 billion back then so he was pretty prescient. He estimates that these constraints will progressively give rise to more and more social tensions as the growing earth population competes for our limited resources as well as faces global problems like climate change. In his view, dealing with this will either require "an authoritarian regime capable of mounting the immense task of social reorganization needed to escape catastrophe" or, alternatively, “mankind would [need to adopt] a static society [that would be] forced in self-defense to suppress new ideas". The 3rd alternative is of course the colonization of space. The most interesting aspect of the book is that he claims everything he writes is feasible with knowledge and technology that already existed in the late 70s. In short he calls for the establishment of large human habitats in the Earth-Moon system, located at stable Lagrange points ("parking spots" in space where gravity from different spatial bodies cancel each other out). In particular he developed the concept of what's known today as the "O'Neill cylinder" which he says "could support quite easily a population of ten million people, growing its food in agricultural cylinders near but outside the main habitat". Energy-wise, it'd simply make use of solar energy via a system of mirrors. As he describes it: "the concentration of the unvarying, intense sunlight of space by very lightweight, inexpensive mirrors can provide all the energy that industry will ever need [...] at a fraction of a cent per kilowatt-hour". He envisages building these habitats with material from the moon, shot into space via "mass drivers", a form of electromagnetic catapult. Also "the habitats would have artificial gravity similar as that of earth by rotating about twenty-eight times an hour”, but he also envisages low-gravity areas, especially for recreational activities such as swimming pools or dancing representations. To trade with earth, he develops the idea of beaming solar power back to earth via "microwave from solar power stations in orbit". As he describes it "the microwave beam would arrive at Earth with a beam width of about seven kilometers. Its intensity would be modest, less than half that of sunlight. In contrast to sunlight, though, it would be there all the time, even at night or in clouds or rain, and it would be in a form ready for conversion to DC current with a loss of only 10 percent. The areas receiving these beams’ output on Earth would be fenced, and outside the fence the intensity of microwave radiation would be no higher than outside a microwave oven with the door closed. He estimates that if "Satellite Solar Power Stations (SSPS) were to become the sole source of electric energy in the United States in the year 2000, the land area necessary for the SSPS antennas would still be only 0.2 percent of that of the continental United States". In short, the establishment of space colonies could lead to the fulfillment of a good share of Earth's energy needs. Last but not least he describes life in space habitats as better than that of earth, largely thanks to the level of control we'd have over the environment (total climate control which would enable an abundance of food and no natural disaster) as well as unlimited cheap energy. To conclude, Chas Freeman typically really knows his stuff when it comes to China and he’s very intellectually honest (a rare trait among US officials) so I have no doubt he tells the truth when he says the Chinese told him that was the vision. And China famously thinks very big and very long term so it would be quite like them to go for something like this. There are also quite a few tangible signs that China is working towards that vision. See for instance this November 2022 news where “China’s space station will join a project to collect solar power from space and send it to Earth in a high-energy microwave beam”: That’s exactly O’Neill’s vision! Or check this October 2022 news that says China is developing new "electromagnetic sledges" that can propel a carriage weighing a few tonnes to a record speed, with a key application for this being “aerospace”: Remember: O’Neill’s vision is to build his habitats with material from the moon, shot into space via "mass drivers", a form of electromagnetic catapult. So there you go… Or also the fact that the Chinese will build, together with the Russians, a moon base - planned for 2028 - powered by a “space nuclear reactor” that’s already been developed (on Earth) and has passed review by China’s Ministry of Science: The space nuclear reactor can generate 1MW of electricity, enough to power 10 International Space Stations. Enough power, maybe, to undertake mining activity and power an electromagnetic catapult… After visions change, the world changes, so it’s also possible that China’s view on what they want to do has evolved. In any case, Chas Freeman is right that China’s motivation for all its initiatives in space can’t just be to “boldly explore where no-one has been before”, they have to be working towards something. And Freeman is also absolutely right to lament that the U.S. decided to ban any cooperation in space with the Chinese. Those endeavors are something that could have been jointly developed as a multilateral effort to unite us all as a species… Instead China is now forced to go at it alone with Russia and we face a future where our petty divisions on Earth will be carried with us to space…

Arnaud Bertrand

265,143 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

SpaceX has officially acquired xAI and this is a HUGE deal, probably bigger than most people realize. SpaceX + xAI together are about to build a single, vertically integrated engine that connects AI, rockets, space based internet, and real time information all into one unified system. At the core of this announcement is the fact that AI can’t scale forever on Earth. Think about it. Data centers are already running into hard limits with power, cooling, land, and environmental cost. On top of this, global AI electricity demand is exploding, and doing all of this on the ground just doesn’t scale long term. Therefore Space changes this. In orbit, you can get things like near-constant solar power, you don’t have cooling problems, there’s minimal land/environmental impact, and you can build systems that can run continuously with minimal maintenance. This is why space-based AI is actually very practical and there’s only one company that can do it, which is SpaceX! The scale that SpaceX is aiming for is pretty wild. Elon is talking about 1/ 1 million satellites acting as orbital data centers, and 2/ Launching ~1 million tons of satellites per year Which means 3/ At 100 kW per ton, that’s 100 gigawatts of AI compute every year 4/ And that can scale to 1 terawatt per year. FYI, adding 100 GW of new compute capacity annually in space would be like building out roughly 20-25% of the USA’s total average electricity demand every single year. And scaling to 1 TW/year would exceed the nation’s entire power usage, ALL without burdening Earth’s grids! Bro… this is next level… I repeat, as of today, SpaceX is the ONLY company positioned to do this, especially with Starship - the largest flying vehicle ever. In the future, Elon’s saying the team is going to have Starship launch 200 tons at a time, on an HOURLY basis… WTF?! That’s is absolutely mind boggling. In my opinion, whichever company builds the lowest cost AI compute is going to be the first company that defines the next era of AI, which will all be in space… and my $ is that SpaceX is going to be the first one to do it. Then, when you zoom out even further, this will unlock things most people aren’t even thinking about yet today bc it’s too sci-fi. Like, • Powering lunar bases • In-space propellant transfer • Manufacturing in orbit and on the Moon • Deep-space AI infrastructure using massive solar collectors • Self-growing civilizations on the Moon, Mars, and beyond By tapping into space’s unlimited solar energy, this is how we get to a Kardashev-level civilization! So for SpaceX, the faster Starship progresses, there will be massive new revenue streams and will lead in building out space-based AI infrastructures. For xAI, AI scales without ruining Earth, deeply integrated with everything SpaceX is building, further understanding the universe. For us humans, AI will grow without destroying the planet, and there’s a real path to becoming multi-planetary. I believe SpaceX acquiring xAI is officially the blueprint for where AI, energy, and humanity are headed. Congratulations to everyone, this is such an exciting time to be alive!
1:14

SpaceX has officially acquired xAI and this is a HUGE deal, probably bigger than most people realize. SpaceX + xAI together are about to build a single, vertically integrated engine that connects AI, rockets, space based internet, and real time information all into one unified system. At the core of this announcement is the fact that AI can’t scale forever on Earth. Think about it. Data centers are already running into hard limits with power, cooling, land, and environmental cost. On top of this, global AI electricity demand is exploding, and doing all of this on the ground just doesn’t scale long term. Therefore Space changes this. In orbit, you can get things like near-constant solar power, you don’t have cooling problems, there’s minimal land/environmental impact, and you can build systems that can run continuously with minimal maintenance. This is why space-based AI is actually very practical and there’s only one company that can do it, which is SpaceX! The scale that SpaceX is aiming for is pretty wild. Elon is talking about 1/ 1 million satellites acting as orbital data centers, and 2/ Launching ~1 million tons of satellites per year Which means 3/ At 100 kW per ton, that’s 100 gigawatts of AI compute every year 4/ And that can scale to 1 terawatt per year. FYI, adding 100 GW of new compute capacity annually in space would be like building out roughly 20-25% of the USA’s total average electricity demand every single year. And scaling to 1 TW/year would exceed the nation’s entire power usage, ALL without burdening Earth’s grids! Bro… this is next level… I repeat, as of today, SpaceX is the ONLY company positioned to do this, especially with Starship - the largest flying vehicle ever. In the future, Elon’s saying the team is going to have Starship launch 200 tons at a time, on an HOURLY basis… WTF?! That’s is absolutely mind boggling. In my opinion, whichever company builds the lowest cost AI compute is going to be the first company that defines the next era of AI, which will all be in space… and my $ is that SpaceX is going to be the first one to do it. Then, when you zoom out even further, this will unlock things most people aren’t even thinking about yet today bc it’s too sci-fi. Like, • Powering lunar bases • In-space propellant transfer • Manufacturing in orbit and on the Moon • Deep-space AI infrastructure using massive solar collectors • Self-growing civilizations on the Moon, Mars, and beyond By tapping into space’s unlimited solar energy, this is how we get to a Kardashev-level civilization! So for SpaceX, the faster Starship progresses, there will be massive new revenue streams and will lead in building out space-based AI infrastructures. For xAI, AI scales without ruining Earth, deeply integrated with everything SpaceX is building, further understanding the universe. For us humans, AI will grow without destroying the planet, and there’s a real path to becoming multi-planetary. I believe SpaceX acquiring xAI is officially the blueprint for where AI, energy, and humanity are headed. Congratulations to everyone, this is such an exciting time to be alive!

Teslaconomics

148,521 görüntüleme • 5 ay önce

The AI infrastructure race just went underwater. A Portland, Oregon startup called Panthalassa just raised $140 million in a Series B round led by Peter Thiel, the idea sounds wild until you understand the physics. Every AI data center on Earth has the same three problems, it needs massive amounts of electricity, it generates enormous heat that has to be cooled, and it requires land in places that are already running out of grid capacity. Panthalassa's answer is to eliminate all three constraints at once by taking the data center off the grid, off the land, and into the open ocean. And here's how it works, the company builds autonomous, self-propelled floating nodes made from plate steel, no anchor, no fuel, no cable to shore. As waves lift the platform, water is forced through an internal turbine, generating electricity continuously. That electricity runs AI inference chips onboard and the results go back to shore via low-Earth-orbit satellite. The surrounding ocean provides free supercooling, which one investor estimates could generate power at roughly two cents per kilowatt-hour. For context on why this matters, land based data centers spend up to 40% of their total energy budget just on cooling. Microsoft's Project Natick found that submerged servers had a failure rate of just 0.7% compared to 5.9% on land. The ocean doesn't just solve the cost problem but it solves the reliability problem too. Panthalassa's Ocean 3 pilot nodes are already under construction, with deployment in the northern Pacific targeted for August 2026 and commercial operations in 2027. The company has been building toward this for a decade with Ocean-1, Ocean-2, and Wavehopper prototypes already validated at sea, including a test in Puget Sound in 2024. The global underwater data center market was $3.2 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $14.8 billion by 2034. China has already launched commercial-scale undersea data centers. The race to compute off the grid whether in space, underwater, or on the open ocean is no longer theoretical, it's being funded, permitted, and in Panthalassa's case, it's being built right now. The future is bright!
1:53

The AI infrastructure race just went underwater. A Portland, Oregon startup called Panthalassa just raised $140 million in a Series B round led by Peter Thiel, the idea sounds wild until you understand the physics. Every AI data center on Earth has the same three problems, it needs massive amounts of electricity, it generates enormous heat that has to be cooled, and it requires land in places that are already running out of grid capacity. Panthalassa's answer is to eliminate all three constraints at once by taking the data center off the grid, off the land, and into the open ocean. And here's how it works, the company builds autonomous, self-propelled floating nodes made from plate steel, no anchor, no fuel, no cable to shore. As waves lift the platform, water is forced through an internal turbine, generating electricity continuously. That electricity runs AI inference chips onboard and the results go back to shore via low-Earth-orbit satellite. The surrounding ocean provides free supercooling, which one investor estimates could generate power at roughly two cents per kilowatt-hour. For context on why this matters, land based data centers spend up to 40% of their total energy budget just on cooling. Microsoft's Project Natick found that submerged servers had a failure rate of just 0.7% compared to 5.9% on land. The ocean doesn't just solve the cost problem but it solves the reliability problem too. Panthalassa's Ocean 3 pilot nodes are already under construction, with deployment in the northern Pacific targeted for August 2026 and commercial operations in 2027. The company has been building toward this for a decade with Ocean-1, Ocean-2, and Wavehopper prototypes already validated at sea, including a test in Puget Sound in 2024. The global underwater data center market was $3.2 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $14.8 billion by 2034. China has already launched commercial-scale undersea data centers. The race to compute off the grid whether in space, underwater, or on the open ocean is no longer theoretical, it's being funded, permitted, and in Panthalassa's case, it's being built right now. The future is bright!

Milk Road AI

132,884 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

Thermodynamic computing is here There is a new computing paradigm emerging from the noise, and its arrival may be as significant as the dawn of deep learning or the advent of cloud virtualization. A new company, Extropic, has just launched its first thermodynamic computer, a device they call a TSU, or Thermal Sampling Unit. While the web is already filling with deep technical dives, what’s more important for most of us is building a clear intuition for what this technology is, how it’s fundamentally different from anything that’s come before, and why it’s generating so much excitement. This isn’t just another chip; it’s a new way to think about computation itself. Seeing is Believing: Solving Puzzles in One Shot To understand what a TSU does, let’s look at two classic, notoriously difficult computer science problems: Sudoku and the Eight Queens problem. When you or I solve a Sudoku, we use a process of sequential logic, guess-and-check, and backtracking. We make an assumption, follow its logical conclusion, and if we hit a dead end, we erase and try again. A classical computer does the same, just much faster. A TSU, however, approaches this in a completely different way. Using a TSU simulator, one can “program” the problem by first clamping the known values—the clues already on the board. Then, you program in the constraints: no duplicate numbers in any row, column, or 3x3 square. With the problem thus defined, the TSU doesn’t “search” for a solution; it anneals one. In a single computational step, the solution simply emerges, backfilling all the empty squares correctly. The same principle applies to the Eight Queens problem, a challenge to place eight queens on a chessboard so that none can attack any other. This is a complex combinatorial problem with 92 distinct solutions. A classical computer would have to iteratively search for these. A TSU, by contrast, can be programmed with the constraints (the “anti-affinity” between queens on the same row, column, or diagonal) and then set to sample the “solution space.” In this context, a valid solution is one with a “problem energy” of zero. The TSU’s physical nature allows it to naturally find these zero-energy states. A simulation of this process shows the TSU discovering all 92 unique solutions, demonstrating its ability to not just find an answer, but to explore the entire landscape of all correct answers. This is a fundamentally new approach, one that bypasses the brute-force, iterative methods we’ve relied on for decades. The Physics of Computation: Using Noise, Not Fighting It This new power comes from a radical design philosophy. For the last 70 years, computing has been about one thing: order. We build chips that are deterministic, logical, and precise. The great enemy has always been noise, heat, and randomness. We spend billions on cooling and error correction to eliminate these very things. Quantum computing, in many ways, is the ultimate expression of this, requiring temperatures near absolute zero to eliminate all thermal noise and achieve quantum coherence. Thermodynamic computing is the polar opposite. It doesn’t fight the noise; it uses it. The TSU is built on the understanding that the natural, stochastic noise from “leaky” transistors—the very randomness we’ve tried to engineer out of existence—is itself a powerful computational resource. Think of it this way: a GPU, which is central to today’s AI, has to simulate noise. When a generative AI model creates a new image or sentence, it’s using complex algorithms to fake randomness. The TSU doesn’t need to fake it; it harnesses the actual physical randomness of thermodynamics. It is a piece of hardware that directly computes with probability. This makes it a hybrid, sitting somewhere between a purely analog computer (which might use light or sound waves to compute) and a digital GPU. It’s a physical device that leverages the laws of physics itself to find solutions, rather than just using logic gates to simulate them. From a Lost Hiker to a Million Bouncy Balls Perhaps the best way to build intuition is with a metaphor. Imagine that solving a complex optimization problem is like trying to find the lowest point of altitude in a 100-square-mile mountainous landscape. Classical computing, using an algorithm like gradient descent, is like being a single hiker dropped into this landscape at night. You have no map or satellite view. All you have is an altimeter and the sensation of the slope under your feet. You can only take one step at a time, always walking downhill, hoping you don’t get stuck in a small local valley when the true, lowest canyon is miles away. Thermodynamic computing is a completely different approach. It’s like having a million bouncy balls and a helicopter. You drop all million balls simultaneously across the entire 100-square-mile landscape. Then, you “turn on an earthquake,” shaking the entire system. The balls bounce and jostle, but as the shaking (the “annealing”) subsides, where do they all end up? They naturally settle into the lowest points. The balls that collect in the deepest valley represent the optimal solution. The TSU is, in essence, a physical device for dropping those million balls at once and letting the laws of thermodynamics find the lowest “energy” state for you, all at the same time. Beyond Puzzles: The Real-World Impact This is far more than just a clever way to solve brain teasers. This ability to instantly find the lowest energy state for a complex, constrained system has staggering real-world applications. One of the most immediate is protein folding. Companies like Google’s DeepMind have made incredible progress with AI like AlphaFold, which predicts protein structures. But this is still a predictive model trained on existing data. A TSU could potentially solve the folding problem directly, treating the protein as a system of atomic affinities and repulsions and finding its most stable, lowest-energy configuration almost instantaneously. This could revolutionize drug discovery and materials science. An even more profound possibility lies in nuclear fusion. One of the greatest engineering challenges in history is controlling the superheated plasma within a tokamak reactor. This requires shaping unimaginably complex magnetic containment fields in real-time to prevent the plasma from touching the reactor walls. This is a real-time optimization problem so complex it’s currently beyond our capabilities. A TSU, however, could be fast enough. Its ability to compute with electricity itself, rather than abstracting the problem through layers of software, might allow it to update the magnetic fields fast enough to stabilize the fusion reaction. One could even imagine a future where thermodynamic computing elements are built directly into the tokamak’s walls, allowing the reactor to physically and intelligently react to the plasma’s state in real time. A ‘GPT-2 Moment’ for a New Era It’s easy to become numb to hype, but what we are witnessing with the TSU feels different. This is what you might call a “GPT-2 moment.” For those who were there, GPT-2 was the first generative AI model that wasn’t just a toy; it was the first time you could play with it at home and see the spark of true generative intelligence. It was the precursor that pointed directly to the GPT-3 and ChatGPT revolution that has since changed the world. This TSU has that same feel. It’s the “SDK” for a new computing paradigm. This technology is as different from classical computing as quantum computing is, but with a critical difference: a team of 15 built this in two years, and it runs at room temperature on your desk. Quantum computing has seen decades of work and billions in funding, and it still hasn’t produced a commercially viable, scalable machine. The TSU is here now. Based on a two-decade-long career at the cutting edge of technology—from seeing the obvious future of virtualization in 2007 to an early conviction in deep learning and GPT—this has all the same hallmarks of a fundamental, world-changing shift. We are not just building faster calculators; we are learning to compute with the universe itself. Pay close attention to this. This is the next big thing.
18:01

Thermodynamic computing is here There is a new computing paradigm emerging from the noise, and its arrival may be as significant as the dawn of deep learning or the advent of cloud virtualization. A new company, Extropic, has just launched its first thermodynamic computer, a device they call a TSU, or Thermal Sampling Unit. While the web is already filling with deep technical dives, what’s more important for most of us is building a clear intuition for what this technology is, how it’s fundamentally different from anything that’s come before, and why it’s generating so much excitement. This isn’t just another chip; it’s a new way to think about computation itself. Seeing is Believing: Solving Puzzles in One Shot To understand what a TSU does, let’s look at two classic, notoriously difficult computer science problems: Sudoku and the Eight Queens problem. When you or I solve a Sudoku, we use a process of sequential logic, guess-and-check, and backtracking. We make an assumption, follow its logical conclusion, and if we hit a dead end, we erase and try again. A classical computer does the same, just much faster. A TSU, however, approaches this in a completely different way. Using a TSU simulator, one can “program” the problem by first clamping the known values—the clues already on the board. Then, you program in the constraints: no duplicate numbers in any row, column, or 3x3 square. With the problem thus defined, the TSU doesn’t “search” for a solution; it anneals one. In a single computational step, the solution simply emerges, backfilling all the empty squares correctly. The same principle applies to the Eight Queens problem, a challenge to place eight queens on a chessboard so that none can attack any other. This is a complex combinatorial problem with 92 distinct solutions. A classical computer would have to iteratively search for these. A TSU, by contrast, can be programmed with the constraints (the “anti-affinity” between queens on the same row, column, or diagonal) and then set to sample the “solution space.” In this context, a valid solution is one with a “problem energy” of zero. The TSU’s physical nature allows it to naturally find these zero-energy states. A simulation of this process shows the TSU discovering all 92 unique solutions, demonstrating its ability to not just find an answer, but to explore the entire landscape of all correct answers. This is a fundamentally new approach, one that bypasses the brute-force, iterative methods we’ve relied on for decades. The Physics of Computation: Using Noise, Not Fighting It This new power comes from a radical design philosophy. For the last 70 years, computing has been about one thing: order. We build chips that are deterministic, logical, and precise. The great enemy has always been noise, heat, and randomness. We spend billions on cooling and error correction to eliminate these very things. Quantum computing, in many ways, is the ultimate expression of this, requiring temperatures near absolute zero to eliminate all thermal noise and achieve quantum coherence. Thermodynamic computing is the polar opposite. It doesn’t fight the noise; it uses it. The TSU is built on the understanding that the natural, stochastic noise from “leaky” transistors—the very randomness we’ve tried to engineer out of existence—is itself a powerful computational resource. Think of it this way: a GPU, which is central to today’s AI, has to simulate noise. When a generative AI model creates a new image or sentence, it’s using complex algorithms to fake randomness. The TSU doesn’t need to fake it; it harnesses the actual physical randomness of thermodynamics. It is a piece of hardware that directly computes with probability. This makes it a hybrid, sitting somewhere between a purely analog computer (which might use light or sound waves to compute) and a digital GPU. It’s a physical device that leverages the laws of physics itself to find solutions, rather than just using logic gates to simulate them. From a Lost Hiker to a Million Bouncy Balls Perhaps the best way to build intuition is with a metaphor. Imagine that solving a complex optimization problem is like trying to find the lowest point of altitude in a 100-square-mile mountainous landscape. Classical computing, using an algorithm like gradient descent, is like being a single hiker dropped into this landscape at night. You have no map or satellite view. All you have is an altimeter and the sensation of the slope under your feet. You can only take one step at a time, always walking downhill, hoping you don’t get stuck in a small local valley when the true, lowest canyon is miles away. Thermodynamic computing is a completely different approach. It’s like having a million bouncy balls and a helicopter. You drop all million balls simultaneously across the entire 100-square-mile landscape. Then, you “turn on an earthquake,” shaking the entire system. The balls bounce and jostle, but as the shaking (the “annealing”) subsides, where do they all end up? They naturally settle into the lowest points. The balls that collect in the deepest valley represent the optimal solution. The TSU is, in essence, a physical device for dropping those million balls at once and letting the laws of thermodynamics find the lowest “energy” state for you, all at the same time. Beyond Puzzles: The Real-World Impact This is far more than just a clever way to solve brain teasers. This ability to instantly find the lowest energy state for a complex, constrained system has staggering real-world applications. One of the most immediate is protein folding. Companies like Google’s DeepMind have made incredible progress with AI like AlphaFold, which predicts protein structures. But this is still a predictive model trained on existing data. A TSU could potentially solve the folding problem directly, treating the protein as a system of atomic affinities and repulsions and finding its most stable, lowest-energy configuration almost instantaneously. This could revolutionize drug discovery and materials science. An even more profound possibility lies in nuclear fusion. One of the greatest engineering challenges in history is controlling the superheated plasma within a tokamak reactor. This requires shaping unimaginably complex magnetic containment fields in real-time to prevent the plasma from touching the reactor walls. This is a real-time optimization problem so complex it’s currently beyond our capabilities. A TSU, however, could be fast enough. Its ability to compute with electricity itself, rather than abstracting the problem through layers of software, might allow it to update the magnetic fields fast enough to stabilize the fusion reaction. One could even imagine a future where thermodynamic computing elements are built directly into the tokamak’s walls, allowing the reactor to physically and intelligently react to the plasma’s state in real time. A ‘GPT-2 Moment’ for a New Era It’s easy to become numb to hype, but what we are witnessing with the TSU feels different. This is what you might call a “GPT-2 moment.” For those who were there, GPT-2 was the first generative AI model that wasn’t just a toy; it was the first time you could play with it at home and see the spark of true generative intelligence. It was the precursor that pointed directly to the GPT-3 and ChatGPT revolution that has since changed the world. This TSU has that same feel. It’s the “SDK” for a new computing paradigm. This technology is as different from classical computing as quantum computing is, but with a critical difference: a team of 15 built this in two years, and it runs at room temperature on your desk. Quantum computing has seen decades of work and billions in funding, and it still hasn’t produced a commercially viable, scalable machine. The TSU is here now. Based on a two-decade-long career at the cutting edge of technology—from seeing the obvious future of virtualization in 2007 to an early conviction in deep learning and GPT—this has all the same hallmarks of a fundamental, world-changing shift. We are not just building faster calculators; we are learning to compute with the universe itself. Pay close attention to this. This is the next big thing.

David Shapiro (L/0)

83,649 görüntüleme • 8 ay önce

Elon Musk just said the future of AI isn’t on Earth. And he put a number on it. Musk: “In 36 months, but probably closer to 30 months, the most economically compelling place to put AI will be space.” Not someday. Thirty months. That’s not a space headline. That’s a countdown on Earth’s run as the center of intelligence. Every major AI company is fighting the same war. Power. Data centers are crushing electrical grids across continents. Entire nations are rewriting energy policy just to keep GPU clusters from going dark. And the models aren’t getting smaller. They’re getting bigger. Faster. Hungrier. Musk: “Once you start thinking in terms of what percentage of the sun’s power are you harnessing, you realize you have to go to space.” He’s not talking about solar panels. He’s talking about energy at a scale that makes everything on the ground look like a match strike. The sun outputs 3.8 × 10²⁶ watts. Earth catches less than a billionth of that. The rest bleeds into the void. Every photon that misses this planet is compute that never got to exist. Musk is the only person alive who owns both the rocket company and the AI company to go collect it. That’s not coincidence. That’s a twenty-year play the rest of the world is just now recognizing as one move. SpaceX was never about Mars tourism. It was infrastructure for something nobody else had mapped yet. Musk: “The only place you can really scale is space. You can’t scale very much on Earth.” The entire industry treats AI as a software problem. Better algorithms. Better data. Better architecture. Musk treats it as a physics problem. And in physics, this planet has a hard ceiling. Finite energy. Finite cooling. Finite surface. You can optimize around those walls. You can’t tear them down. Space doesn’t have walls. No grid to overload. No heat to trap. No ceiling to hit. Just a star that’s been burning for 4.6 billion years and nobody has sent it an invoice. Every AI company on Earth is fighting over the last available watts. On a planet that’s running out of room to think. Musk is building above the ceiling they’re all pressed against. We’ve spent all of human history assuming intelligence belongs here. On this rock. Under this sky. Bound by these limits. Musk is building like Earth was never the destination. Just where it started.
0:34

Elon Musk just said the future of AI isn’t on Earth. And he put a number on it. Musk: “In 36 months, but probably closer to 30 months, the most economically compelling place to put AI will be space.” Not someday. Thirty months. That’s not a space headline. That’s a countdown on Earth’s run as the center of intelligence. Every major AI company is fighting the same war. Power. Data centers are crushing electrical grids across continents. Entire nations are rewriting energy policy just to keep GPU clusters from going dark. And the models aren’t getting smaller. They’re getting bigger. Faster. Hungrier. Musk: “Once you start thinking in terms of what percentage of the sun’s power are you harnessing, you realize you have to go to space.” He’s not talking about solar panels. He’s talking about energy at a scale that makes everything on the ground look like a match strike. The sun outputs 3.8 × 10²⁶ watts. Earth catches less than a billionth of that. The rest bleeds into the void. Every photon that misses this planet is compute that never got to exist. Musk is the only person alive who owns both the rocket company and the AI company to go collect it. That’s not coincidence. That’s a twenty-year play the rest of the world is just now recognizing as one move. SpaceX was never about Mars tourism. It was infrastructure for something nobody else had mapped yet. Musk: “The only place you can really scale is space. You can’t scale very much on Earth.” The entire industry treats AI as a software problem. Better algorithms. Better data. Better architecture. Musk treats it as a physics problem. And in physics, this planet has a hard ceiling. Finite energy. Finite cooling. Finite surface. You can optimize around those walls. You can’t tear them down. Space doesn’t have walls. No grid to overload. No heat to trap. No ceiling to hit. Just a star that’s been burning for 4.6 billion years and nobody has sent it an invoice. Every AI company on Earth is fighting over the last available watts. On a planet that’s running out of room to think. Musk is building above the ceiling they’re all pressed against. We’ve spent all of human history assuming intelligence belongs here. On this rock. Under this sky. Bound by these limits. Musk is building like Earth was never the destination. Just where it started.

Dustin

35,735 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

We witnessed the raw power of nature yesterday just south of Seward Alaska! It was incredible to watch this massive glacier calving, sending a huge wave through the water. Absolutely breathtaking to see firsthand. Glacial calving is a natural process where large chunks of ice break off from the edge of a glacier. This typically happens at the “terminus” or snout, where the glacier meets the sea, a lake, or even dry land. When these massive pieces of ice fall into the water, they become icebergs, or in smaller pieces, “growlers” or “bergy bits.” The process is primarily driven by gravity and the movement of the glacier itself. As a glacier flows—acting like a slow-moving river of ice—it experiences immense internal stress. When it reaches a point where it is no longer supported by land or where it extends out over the water, the ice becomes unstable. Cracks called crevasses form in the ice, and when these cracks penetrate deep enough, a section of the ice can no longer hold its own weight and snaps off, crashing down with incredible force. Calving is a dynamic and loud phenomenon that often triggers significant waves. It is a normal part of a glacier’s life cycle, and very common in the warmer summer months.
0:30

We witnessed the raw power of nature yesterday just south of Seward Alaska! It was incredible to watch this massive glacier calving, sending a huge wave through the water. Absolutely breathtaking to see firsthand. Glacial calving is a natural process where large chunks of ice break off from the edge of a glacier. This typically happens at the “terminus” or snout, where the glacier meets the sea, a lake, or even dry land. When these massive pieces of ice fall into the water, they become icebergs, or in smaller pieces, “growlers” or “bergy bits.” The process is primarily driven by gravity and the movement of the glacier itself. As a glacier flows—acting like a slow-moving river of ice—it experiences immense internal stress. When it reaches a point where it is no longer supported by land or where it extends out over the water, the ice becomes unstable. Cracks called crevasses form in the ice, and when these cracks penetrate deep enough, a section of the ice can no longer hold its own weight and snaps off, crashing down with incredible force. Calving is a dynamic and loud phenomenon that often triggers significant waves. It is a normal part of a glacier’s life cycle, and very common in the warmer summer months.

James Spann

62,117 görüntüleme • 27 gün önce

Earth Could Survive the Sun's Death: New Models Offer Hope 🟠 Our planet has a chance of surviving the Sun's transformation into a red giant and avoiding total destruction in its thermonuclear inferno. Earth's ultimate fate will be determined by a delicate balance between the gravitational pull of the swelling star and its loss of mass; as the star loses mass, its gravitational grip will weaken, allowing the planet to drift to a safer orbit. Astronomers from KU Leuven (Belgium) have revised predictions regarding the future of the Solar System. They conducted gravitational simulations that accounted for the internal structure of aging stars, and their findings were published in the journal *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. In approximately five billion years, the Sun will exhaust the hydrogen fuel in its core, causing it to expand hundreds of times in size and transform into a massive red giant. At that point, a "tug-of-war" will begin within the Solar System, the outcome of which will decide Earth's fate. On one hand, the star's massive expansion will generate powerful tidal effects that act to slow Earth down and drag it inward. On the other hand, the star will actively shed its outer layers into space via powerful stellar winds. As it loses mass, the Sun will become lighter and its gravitational grip will weaken, enabling Earth to migrate further out into the Solar System. Updated calculations indicate that the effect of the Sun's mass loss could counteract tidal drag; in this scenario, our planet would have time to shift to a more distant orbit lying just beyond the radius of the expanded star. To validate their theoretical calculations, the scientists turned to actual observations of the dying giant star L2 Puppis, located 200 light-years away. In the past, it closely resembled the Sun, but now it is rapidly losing mass and is surrounded by a dust disk in which a large planet orbits. The fact that this world survived gives scientists strong grounds to hope that Earth might also be saved. However, there is no cause for optimism regarding our own system's neighbors: computer simulations indicate that Mercury and Venus will inevitably be completely consumed by the flames of the dying star. The launch of the PLATO space telescope will help settle the debate about our planet's future once and for all. It is scheduled to enter orbit next year to search for exop всяlanets around aging stars. 🌙
0:40

Earth Could Survive the Sun's Death: New Models Offer Hope 🟠 Our planet has a chance of surviving the Sun's transformation into a red giant and avoiding total destruction in its thermonuclear inferno. Earth's ultimate fate will be determined by a delicate balance between the gravitational pull of the swelling star and its loss of mass; as the star loses mass, its gravitational grip will weaken, allowing the planet to drift to a safer orbit. Astronomers from KU Leuven (Belgium) have revised predictions regarding the future of the Solar System. They conducted gravitational simulations that accounted for the internal structure of aging stars, and their findings were published in the journal *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. In approximately five billion years, the Sun will exhaust the hydrogen fuel in its core, causing it to expand hundreds of times in size and transform into a massive red giant. At that point, a "tug-of-war" will begin within the Solar System, the outcome of which will decide Earth's fate. On one hand, the star's massive expansion will generate powerful tidal effects that act to slow Earth down and drag it inward. On the other hand, the star will actively shed its outer layers into space via powerful stellar winds. As it loses mass, the Sun will become lighter and its gravitational grip will weaken, enabling Earth to migrate further out into the Solar System. Updated calculations indicate that the effect of the Sun's mass loss could counteract tidal drag; in this scenario, our planet would have time to shift to a more distant orbit lying just beyond the radius of the expanded star. To validate their theoretical calculations, the scientists turned to actual observations of the dying giant star L2 Puppis, located 200 light-years away. In the past, it closely resembled the Sun, but now it is rapidly losing mass and is surrounded by a dust disk in which a large planet orbits. The fact that this world survived gives scientists strong grounds to hope that Earth might also be saved. However, there is no cause for optimism regarding our own system's neighbors: computer simulations indicate that Mercury and Venus will inevitably be completely consumed by the flames of the dying star. The launch of the PLATO space telescope will help settle the debate about our planet's future once and for all. It is scheduled to enter orbit next year to search for exop всяlanets around aging stars. 🌙

Black Hole

21,769 görüntüleme • 1 gün önce

SpaceX is about to shatter the largest IPO record in history. Not by a little. By more than double. The previous record was $29 billion. SpaceX is targeting $75 billion. Two months ago the number was $50 billion. Last week it was $70 billion. Now $75 billion. The filing has not even happened yet. Every time the market recalculates what SpaceX actually is, the answer gets bigger. Goldman Sachs. JPMorgan. Bank of America. Morgan Stanley. All lined up as underwriters. Target date: mid-June 2026. Target valuation: $1.75 trillion. That would make SpaceX larger than Meta. Larger than Tesla. Larger than every company on Earth except five. This is not some startup bleeding cash and calling it strategy. SpaceX made $8 billion in profit last year on $16 billion in revenue. They do not need the money. They are raising it because what comes next costs more than profit can fund at the speed they intend to move. Musk: “There just is no way to do a terawatt per year on Earth.” He ran the math on stage with Jensen Huang. Three hundred gigawatts of AI compute per year would consume two-thirds of all US electricity production. Not total energy. Just electricity. And three hundred gigawatts is not even the target. A terawatt is. More than three times that. Building enough power plants is not difficult. It is not expensive. It is physically impossible. Musk: “You have to do that in space.” Not should. Not could. Have to. Earth does not have the power. Cannot build it fast enough. Cannot cool the hardware. Not within a decade. Not at all. The bottleneck is not silicon. Not software. Not data. It is the planet itself. Musk: “You don’t actually need batteries because it’s always sunny in space. And the solar panels become cheaper because you don’t need glass or framing. And the cooling is just radiative.” No batteries. No night cycle. No weather. Just uninterrupted solar hitting bare panels in a vacuum. Heat dissipates on its own. Huang: “Each one of these GB300 racks is two tons. 1.95 of it is probably for cooling.” Ninety-seven percent of the weight of a supercomputer rack exists to keep it from overheating. Move it to space and that weight vanishes. The machine shrinks to something small enough to launch by the thousands. Running on free energy. Cooled by nothing. Musk: “I think even perhaps in the four or five year time frame, the lowest cost way to do AI compute will be with solar-powered AI satellites.” Not fifty years. Not twenty. Five. The cheapest AI compute on Earth will not be on Earth. It will be in orbit. And only one company can put it there at the cost and cadence required. That is what the market is pricing. Not a rocket company. The only organization on Earth capable of moving intelligence infrastructure off of it. Huang heard the pitch. The math. The timeline. Huang: “That’s the dream.” Musk: “Yes.” A trillion watts of compute. Powered by the Sun. Cooled by space. Launched by SpaceX. Every company building AI on the ground is building under the same ceiling. The atmosphere.
2:27

SpaceX is about to shatter the largest IPO record in history. Not by a little. By more than double. The previous record was $29 billion. SpaceX is targeting $75 billion. Two months ago the number was $50 billion. Last week it was $70 billion. Now $75 billion. The filing has not even happened yet. Every time the market recalculates what SpaceX actually is, the answer gets bigger. Goldman Sachs. JPMorgan. Bank of America. Morgan Stanley. All lined up as underwriters. Target date: mid-June 2026. Target valuation: $1.75 trillion. That would make SpaceX larger than Meta. Larger than Tesla. Larger than every company on Earth except five. This is not some startup bleeding cash and calling it strategy. SpaceX made $8 billion in profit last year on $16 billion in revenue. They do not need the money. They are raising it because what comes next costs more than profit can fund at the speed they intend to move. Musk: “There just is no way to do a terawatt per year on Earth.” He ran the math on stage with Jensen Huang. Three hundred gigawatts of AI compute per year would consume two-thirds of all US electricity production. Not total energy. Just electricity. And three hundred gigawatts is not even the target. A terawatt is. More than three times that. Building enough power plants is not difficult. It is not expensive. It is physically impossible. Musk: “You have to do that in space.” Not should. Not could. Have to. Earth does not have the power. Cannot build it fast enough. Cannot cool the hardware. Not within a decade. Not at all. The bottleneck is not silicon. Not software. Not data. It is the planet itself. Musk: “You don’t actually need batteries because it’s always sunny in space. And the solar panels become cheaper because you don’t need glass or framing. And the cooling is just radiative.” No batteries. No night cycle. No weather. Just uninterrupted solar hitting bare panels in a vacuum. Heat dissipates on its own. Huang: “Each one of these GB300 racks is two tons. 1.95 of it is probably for cooling.” Ninety-seven percent of the weight of a supercomputer rack exists to keep it from overheating. Move it to space and that weight vanishes. The machine shrinks to something small enough to launch by the thousands. Running on free energy. Cooled by nothing. Musk: “I think even perhaps in the four or five year time frame, the lowest cost way to do AI compute will be with solar-powered AI satellites.” Not fifty years. Not twenty. Five. The cheapest AI compute on Earth will not be on Earth. It will be in orbit. And only one company can put it there at the cost and cadence required. That is what the market is pricing. Not a rocket company. The only organization on Earth capable of moving intelligence infrastructure off of it. Huang heard the pitch. The math. The timeline. Huang: “That’s the dream.” Musk: “Yes.” A trillion watts of compute. Powered by the Sun. Cooled by space. Launched by SpaceX. Every company building AI on the ground is building under the same ceiling. The atmosphere.

Dustin

44,710 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

It is with deep gratitude that I welcome you all to Local Void Records. I remember talking about wanting to start a label 10 years ago.. I thought of it as a far out dream at the time, so to be here now is both invigorating and humbling. Manifesting a platform that provides opportunities for other artists to have a chance of getting their music heard is something I’m extremely passionate about. I understand the struggle of how hard it is to get your music out there and this feels like a way I can give back. Releasing music is just the beginning.. we have a team of passionate individuals who are excited to grow this entity into something bigger with the mission of uplifting and inspiring others. The name Local Void is inspired by the concept of a void in space.. a vast, open space that’s waiting to be filled. In the context of our label, it represents the idea that there is room for all kinds of music and artists, no matter their style or genre. The void is not empty.. it's a place of infinite possibility. Just like that cosmic void, Local Void is a space where artists can push boundaries and explore new dimensions of sound without limitation. It's a home for anyone who feels their music has something unique to offer, and it’s a space that will continually evolve, welcoming new voices and fresh ideas. Truly.. thank you to everyone who has supported me. I recognize that you all are the reason I’m in the position to be able to do something like this. Luv you all 🫶🏼 ~ Mike
0:36

It is with deep gratitude that I welcome you all to Local Void Records. I remember talking about wanting to start a label 10 years ago.. I thought of it as a far out dream at the time, so to be here now is both invigorating and humbling. Manifesting a platform that provides opportunities for other artists to have a chance of getting their music heard is something I’m extremely passionate about. I understand the struggle of how hard it is to get your music out there and this feels like a way I can give back. Releasing music is just the beginning.. we have a team of passionate individuals who are excited to grow this entity into something bigger with the mission of uplifting and inspiring others. The name Local Void is inspired by the concept of a void in space.. a vast, open space that’s waiting to be filled. In the context of our label, it represents the idea that there is room for all kinds of music and artists, no matter their style or genre. The void is not empty.. it's a place of infinite possibility. Just like that cosmic void, Local Void is a space where artists can push boundaries and explore new dimensions of sound without limitation. It's a home for anyone who feels their music has something unique to offer, and it’s a space that will continually evolve, welcoming new voices and fresh ideas. Truly.. thank you to everyone who has supported me. I recognize that you all are the reason I’m in the position to be able to do something like this. Luv you all 🫶🏼 ~ Mike

⧩ INZO ⧩

27,877 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

AGE OF DISCLOSURE. Puthoff and Davis say UAPs use a bubble powered by zero point energy or quantum entanglement. But is there a third possibility?🧐🤔🛸🛸🛸👽👽👽 In Age of Disclosure Hal Puthoff and Eric Davis break down how they think this craft works and how it warps spacetime in a localized area by essentially ‘creating a bubble that the craft operates in. The bubble separates the craft from the environment around it. The environment becomes irrelevant. This allows the craft to move through physical space, shift from air to space to water with no friction, and create no splash, because the environment outside the bubble is irrelevant. They are creating their own spacetime, warping spacetime to form a bubble around the craft. Puthoff says they are generating huge amounts of energy in this localized area to create the bubble.’ There are two prevailing ideas about where the energy comes from: They are tapping into so called zero point energy. They are using quantum entanglement to pull energy from a distant source into the local area, the bubble. Or here’s a 3rd possibility I’m leaning toward. It’s loosely inspired by hints from Lacatski and others who suggest UAPs aren’t pushing through space, but running on the geometry that space comes from. This connects to new ideas like POSITIVE GEOMETRY where the rules of physics come from the geometry underneath spacetime, not from forces acting inside it. So maybe they’re not generating energy at all, maybe they’re exploiting hidden properties already built into the vacuum itself. Instead of pulling zero point energy or drawing power through entanglement, the simpler idea is this: they shift the vacuum into a lower-resistance state, and the bubble forms almost automatically with very little energy needed. When I say the craft ‘shifts the vacuum’ I don’t mean it’s messing with empty space. I mean it’s tweaking the underlying settings that tell matter how to move, how light propagates, and how inertia works. So, in short: the UFO isn’t generating force. It’s just navigating the geometric structure underneath everything. From what I’ve read, we have no way to manipulate the vacuum on large scales, but nothing in physics actually forbids it. Let me know what you think. I’m not a physicist, but this stuff fascinates me.
1:46

AGE OF DISCLOSURE. Puthoff and Davis say UAPs use a bubble powered by zero point energy or quantum entanglement. But is there a third possibility?🧐🤔🛸🛸🛸👽👽👽 In Age of Disclosure Hal Puthoff and Eric Davis break down how they think this craft works and how it warps spacetime in a localized area by essentially ‘creating a bubble that the craft operates in. The bubble separates the craft from the environment around it. The environment becomes irrelevant. This allows the craft to move through physical space, shift from air to space to water with no friction, and create no splash, because the environment outside the bubble is irrelevant. They are creating their own spacetime, warping spacetime to form a bubble around the craft. Puthoff says they are generating huge amounts of energy in this localized area to create the bubble.’ There are two prevailing ideas about where the energy comes from: They are tapping into so called zero point energy. They are using quantum entanglement to pull energy from a distant source into the local area, the bubble. Or here’s a 3rd possibility I’m leaning toward. It’s loosely inspired by hints from Lacatski and others who suggest UAPs aren’t pushing through space, but running on the geometry that space comes from. This connects to new ideas like POSITIVE GEOMETRY where the rules of physics come from the geometry underneath spacetime, not from forces acting inside it. So maybe they’re not generating energy at all, maybe they’re exploiting hidden properties already built into the vacuum itself. Instead of pulling zero point energy or drawing power through entanglement, the simpler idea is this: they shift the vacuum into a lower-resistance state, and the bubble forms almost automatically with very little energy needed. When I say the craft ‘shifts the vacuum’ I don’t mean it’s messing with empty space. I mean it’s tweaking the underlying settings that tell matter how to move, how light propagates, and how inertia works. So, in short: the UFO isn’t generating force. It’s just navigating the geometric structure underneath everything. From what I’ve read, we have no way to manipulate the vacuum on large scales, but nothing in physics actually forbids it. Let me know what you think. I’m not a physicist, but this stuff fascinates me.

UFO mania

31,889 görüntüleme • 7 ay önce

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉
0:33

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Erika 

162,313 görüntüleme • 7 ay önce

#KeepEyesOnSudan When comparing Khartoum’s average temperatures between 2003 and 2006 with the average between 2023 and 2026, we find the temperature has risen by roughly 0.9 to 1.3 degrees Celsius. That is a striking increase against the levels of global warming, which has averaged about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade since the 1980s. At that pace, the rise of Khartoum’s temperature over the same period should have been only about 0.4 degrees Celsius. Instead, the increase Khartoum has actually recorded is 225% to 325% higher than that—meaning the city is warming far faster than the rest of the world. Many global and local factors lie behind this. But the past three years have brought exceptional conditions driven by the war, which has accelerated several of the local pressures that shape the city’s climate and push temperatures up. The widespread stripping of vegetation, the fires, the shelling, and the decay of the built environment are all unnatural forces that drive nighttime temperatures higher. They disrupt the natural cooling cycle and weaken the city’s ability to cool down after dark. As a result, the land and buildings start each day a little hotter than the day before, and the city wakes every morning to a higher baseline temperature. This builds into a cumulative cycle that makes heat waves last longer and hit harder—with direct consequences for public health, energy use, and water supplies, and a steady worsening of heat stress. This is where the Khartoum afforestation initiative matters. It is not simply a project to beautify the city, it is a new front in the fight against climate change and a effort to repair the urban environment. Studies suggest that expanding tree cover in Khartoum could lower local temperatures by around 3 to 5 degrees Celsius, while also cleaning the air, cutting dust, reducing energy use, helping the soil hold more water, and strengthening the capital’s overall resilience to heat waves. This initiative does not start from scratch. It builds on pioneering youth and community efforts that came before it, such as the “Green Khartoum” initiative and others. The proposed project aims to bring these efforts together under a single coordinating framework, in partnership with the state government, public institutions, the private sector, civil society, and volunteers—turning scattered initiatives into a broad national program to rebuild the capital’s green cover and restore its beauty. And we are coming back to you, Khartoum. Dr. Amgad Fareid Eltayeb
2:55

#KeepEyesOnSudan When comparing Khartoum’s average temperatures between 2003 and 2006 with the average between 2023 and 2026, we find the temperature has risen by roughly 0.9 to 1.3 degrees Celsius. That is a striking increase against the levels of global warming, which has averaged about 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade since the 1980s. At that pace, the rise of Khartoum’s temperature over the same period should have been only about 0.4 degrees Celsius. Instead, the increase Khartoum has actually recorded is 225% to 325% higher than that—meaning the city is warming far faster than the rest of the world. Many global and local factors lie behind this. But the past three years have brought exceptional conditions driven by the war, which has accelerated several of the local pressures that shape the city’s climate and push temperatures up. The widespread stripping of vegetation, the fires, the shelling, and the decay of the built environment are all unnatural forces that drive nighttime temperatures higher. They disrupt the natural cooling cycle and weaken the city’s ability to cool down after dark. As a result, the land and buildings start each day a little hotter than the day before, and the city wakes every morning to a higher baseline temperature. This builds into a cumulative cycle that makes heat waves last longer and hit harder—with direct consequences for public health, energy use, and water supplies, and a steady worsening of heat stress. This is where the Khartoum afforestation initiative matters. It is not simply a project to beautify the city, it is a new front in the fight against climate change and a effort to repair the urban environment. Studies suggest that expanding tree cover in Khartoum could lower local temperatures by around 3 to 5 degrees Celsius, while also cleaning the air, cutting dust, reducing energy use, helping the soil hold more water, and strengthening the capital’s overall resilience to heat waves. This initiative does not start from scratch. It builds on pioneering youth and community efforts that came before it, such as the “Green Khartoum” initiative and others. The proposed project aims to bring these efforts together under a single coordinating framework, in partnership with the state government, public institutions, the private sector, civil society, and volunteers—turning scattered initiatives into a broad national program to rebuild the capital’s green cover and restore its beauty. And we are coming back to you, Khartoum. Dr. Amgad Fareid Eltayeb

Amgad Fareid Eltayeb

19,175 görüntüleme • 15 gün önce