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In November 2017, Strava released its Global Heatmap, a stunning data visualization built from over a billion activities and trillions of GPS points logged by runners, cyclists, hikers, and other users worldwide. It's goal was to reveal global patterns of physical activity, from city trails to rural paths, using... what Strava called the largest dataset of its kind. At first glance, it was beautiful major cities like London, New York, and Paris lit up like constellations of human movement. But then a student noticed something else. Nathan Ruser (Nathan Ruser), a 20-year-old international security student in Australia, wasn’t looking for beautiful maps. When he zoomed in on conflict zones like Syria, Afghanistan, and Djibouti, he saw bright, geometric shapes in the wilderness instead of dark emptiness. Where others saw desert, Ruser saw patterns: perfect rectangles outlining forward operating bases, circles and regular paths where no public running trails should exist, and routes around installations invisible on satellite imagery but clear in activity footprints. The reason was simple: soldiers and contractors stationed overseas were using fitness trackers connected to Strava by default to log their exercise. These workouts were public unless users explicitly changed privacy settings. When dozens or hundreds of service members ran the same routes daily on base, those paths appeared as bright lines on the global map. The map didn’t attach names to data, and Strava said it used anonymized and aggregated information. Still, the patterns were unmistakable: military base perimeters, internal road networks, and personnel movement were visible and sometimes clearly traceable. The discovery sparked a huge outcry across the OSINT and defense communities. Analysts quickly realized the map could reveal the actual locations of overseas bases, the most frequently used buildings and areas within them, patrol routes, likely supply lines, and habitual movement patterns. The U.S. military acknowledged the problem, reviewed its privacy and tech policies, and urged personnel to limit public sharing of location data. In response, Strava improved privacy settings, made opting out clearer, limited detail for non-registered users, and altered how low-activity areas appeared on the map. Credit: Discovery & analysis — Nathan Ruser Source video: The New York Times investigation breakdownshow more

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677,595 次观看 • 9 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Longtime CNN correspondent Nic Robertson becomes emotional describing the blood-stained scene in Re'im, the site of the music festival where Hamas terrorists murdered hundreds, took people hostage, and raped women. "[W]e saw the line of cars and how they were shot up and how they were strewn across the road as people were trying to — trying escape and trying to save their lives and drive away. And — and next to that was one of those rocket shelters. There’s one just here, but there was one just there. And I went to have a look, and there were torn-up shoes outside and I could see bloodstains. And as I — as I went inside and this is why I wanted to speak it now because it — you know, being there, I'm trying to be professional and I’m trying to tell a story and bear witness to the barbarity and the callous, cruel, cold-blooded killing that Hamas was — was ripping on those poor, innocent young people. But that — listening to that conversation you were having there with John Kirby, it puts me at mind to explain physically what we saw. So, let me explain because the smell when you step into a shelter is kind of what hits you first. And you realize that this stuff on the floor is what you fear it is. It — it — it’s — it’s blood and you realize in an instant looking at the strewn shell casings on the floor, looking at the bullet holes in the concrete in front of you and you’re sort of — you can understand what happened that people were used to going to these shelters for safety and security from Hamas rockets and when Hamas was chasing them, they were hoping there was safety and security in these concrete bunkers. And, of course, there wasn't because we — we could see what happened. Hamas had gone in there with guns and — and quite literally shot them — this is a deployment of military hardware going by. I'm going to pause. Had — had quite literally shot them in calculated, cold blood as they were cowering there on the floor and the blood’s on the wall and the blood’s on the ceiling and the bullet holes are in the concrete wall. And you — you know in that instant how horrible and how terrible it was. And your conversation brought that back."

Longtime CNN correspondent Nic Robertson becomes emotional describing the blood-stained scene in Re'im, the site of the music festival where Hamas terrorists murdered hundreds, took people hostage, and raped women. "[W]e saw the line of cars and how they were shot up and how they were strewn across the road as people were trying to — trying escape and trying to save their lives and drive away. And — and next to that was one of those rocket shelters. There’s one just here, but there was one just there. And I went to have a look, and there were torn-up shoes outside and I could see bloodstains. And as I — as I went inside and this is why I wanted to speak it now because it — you know, being there, I'm trying to be professional and I’m trying to tell a story and bear witness to the barbarity and the callous, cruel, cold-blooded killing that Hamas was — was ripping on those poor, innocent young people. But that — listening to that conversation you were having there with John Kirby, it puts me at mind to explain physically what we saw. So, let me explain because the smell when you step into a shelter is kind of what hits you first. And you realize that this stuff on the floor is what you fear it is. It — it — it’s — it’s blood and you realize in an instant looking at the strewn shell casings on the floor, looking at the bullet holes in the concrete in front of you and you’re sort of — you can understand what happened that people were used to going to these shelters for safety and security from Hamas rockets and when Hamas was chasing them, they were hoping there was safety and security in these concrete bunkers. And, of course, there wasn't because we — we could see what happened. Hamas had gone in there with guns and — and quite literally shot them — this is a deployment of military hardware going by. I'm going to pause. Had — had quite literally shot them in calculated, cold blood as they were cowering there on the floor and the blood’s on the wall and the blood’s on the ceiling and the bullet holes are in the concrete wall. And you — you know in that instant how horrible and how terrible it was. And your conversation brought that back."

Curtis Houck

2,437,219 次观看 • 3 年前

TikTok just got caught running a secret experiment on 15 million Americans to find out how much money their dangerous version could make them. In 2021 the company rewrote part of its recommendation algorithm so users would stop getting buried under harmful content over and over. Then it held back 10% of its American users and left them on the OLD version. At the time that was roughly 15 million people. None of them were told. They opened the same app, saw the same logo, and scrolled a feed the company had already replaced for everyone else. Internally the practice has a clean name. It is called a backtest, and it is the same A/B test any company runs when it wants to prove a change actually worked. Companies normally run those on button colors and checkout flows. TikTok ran one on what happens to people when the app stops protecting them. Why would a business do that? Because a safer feed is a less sticky feed, and stickiness is the product. One of the 15 million was a 16 year old named Chase Nasca. He had no history of mental health issues. He committed sicide in February 2022. In March 2023, a Bloomberg Businessweek reporter emailed the company asking about Chase for a story on teenagers and the algorithm. Only then did TikTok's algorithm and safety teams go back and reconstruct his account. They found he had been assigned to the control group. The same report notes that most of what he actually searched for on the app was sports and comedy - but he was regularly shown sicide and other harmful content. Their findings became a 14 page internal report on youth safety and filter bubbles. Its key contacts list shows it went to 10 teams inside the company, including communications, legal response, policy, security and search. So the lawyers knew about it. The communications team knew. Policy, security and search all got a copy. Then came the recommendations, and this is where it gets genuinely ugly... The report proposed two fixes: The first was to shrink the control group from 10% of American users to under 1%. The second was to cut how long the same users sit inside it, from as long as a full year down to seven days. Nobody proposed stopping. And the report ran the numbers on its own suggestion. Even at 1%, it said, at least 1.8 million users would still be excluded from the safety change, and it warned those people would be left "at risk for falling into bubbles." Someone typed that sentence, sent it to 10 teams, and the practice continued. A former TikTok trust and safety team leader who worked there while the experiment was live said he had never heard of it. After seeing the details he said the control group was far too big, and that the test should have excluded minors and suicide content entirely. The staff paid to protect users did not know the experiment on users existed. TikTok's answer this week is that the 2022 test was routine, and that its purpose was to check whether safety changes were working as intended. The internal report describes its own recommendations as a way to prevent future incidents. Chase's parents sued for wrongful death. A judge dismissed the case last year after TikTok argued that Section 230 protects it from liability for what its algorithm recommends. The appeal is still pending. So the company's legal position is that it is not responsible for the videos its algorithm served a teenager, while its OWN document confirms it chose which version of that algorithm he received. Every large platform runs tests like this one. But not one of them publishes how many users are sitting in the old version at any given moment. TikTok's number was never supposed to become public.

Ricardo

31,975 次观看 • 2 个月前

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇬🇧 One man drew a map of things no eye had ever seen. The buried country beneath England itself. William Smith was a blacksmith's son from a small Oxfordshire village. His father died when he was 8. The village school taught him little, so he bought his own books and taught himself the surveyor's trade. By 18 the work was sending him down the coal pits of Somerset. And down in the dark, the ground showed him its secret. ⛏️ The rock lay in layers, stacked like the pages of a book. Always the same layers, always in the same order. And each layer held its own fossils, like a signature in the stone. Read the signature and you knew exactly which page of England you stood on. So he set out to map the whole buried country. No patron. No academy. By coach, on horseback and on foot, for the best part of 15 years. In 1815 he unrolled the answer: a map 8 and a half feet by 6, every buried layer of England and Wales tinted by his own hand. The first detailed geological map of any country on Earth. 📜 It barely sold. A failed quarry venture ate what the travel had not. He sold his life's fossil collection to the British Museum for £700 and it still was not enough. In 1819 the King's Bench debtors' prison closed its gates on the man who had mapped a country. He walked out that summer to bailiffs seizing his home, and left London with his tools on his back. London's Geological Society, a club of gentlemen, had never asked him to join. In 1820 its president, George Greenough, published a grand map of his own. Smith's hard-won lines ran through it. His name appeared nowhere on it. 🔥 But younger geologists knew exactly whose lines they were walking. In 1831 the same Society struck its first Wollaston Medal, its highest honour, and the first name called was William Smith. Its president, Adam Sedgwick, named him the Father of English Geology. The King granted him a pension of £100 a year. 🏛️ His map hangs today in the Society's own hall in London. And every geological map on Earth is built on what he drew. 🇬🇧 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Somewhere in Britain today, a child pulls a fossil from a hillside. Because of a blacksmith's son, we can tell them exactly what they hold. We hand his story to them free, so they grow up knowing it. We are the home of British heroes. There is a place for you in it. 👉 👈 Be part of us. ☝️🇬🇧 Be Proud Of Us. 🙏🇬🇧

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇬🇧 One man drew a map of things no eye had ever seen. The buried country beneath England itself. William Smith was a blacksmith's son from a small Oxfordshire village. His father died when he was 8. The village school taught him little, so he bought his own books and taught himself the surveyor's trade. By 18 the work was sending him down the coal pits of Somerset. And down in the dark, the ground showed him its secret. ⛏️ The rock lay in layers, stacked like the pages of a book. Always the same layers, always in the same order. And each layer held its own fossils, like a signature in the stone. Read the signature and you knew exactly which page of England you stood on. So he set out to map the whole buried country. No patron. No academy. By coach, on horseback and on foot, for the best part of 15 years. In 1815 he unrolled the answer: a map 8 and a half feet by 6, every buried layer of England and Wales tinted by his own hand. The first detailed geological map of any country on Earth. 📜 It barely sold. A failed quarry venture ate what the travel had not. He sold his life's fossil collection to the British Museum for £700 and it still was not enough. In 1819 the King's Bench debtors' prison closed its gates on the man who had mapped a country. He walked out that summer to bailiffs seizing his home, and left London with his tools on his back. London's Geological Society, a club of gentlemen, had never asked him to join. In 1820 its president, George Greenough, published a grand map of his own. Smith's hard-won lines ran through it. His name appeared nowhere on it. 🔥 But younger geologists knew exactly whose lines they were walking. In 1831 the same Society struck its first Wollaston Medal, its highest honour, and the first name called was William Smith. Its president, Adam Sedgwick, named him the Father of English Geology. The King granted him a pension of £100 a year. 🏛️ His map hangs today in the Society's own hall in London. And every geological map on Earth is built on what he drew. 🇬🇧 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Somewhere in Britain today, a child pulls a fossil from a hillside. Because of a blacksmith's son, we can tell them exactly what they hold. We hand his story to them free, so they grow up knowing it. We are the home of British heroes. There is a place for you in it. 👉 👈 Be part of us. ☝️🇬🇧 Be Proud Of Us. 🙏🇬🇧

Proudofus.uk

52,705 次观看 • 2 个月前

"I will testify under oath before Congress that what I'm saying is the truth." "And he said, 'By the way, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' He pulled out one of these mosaics and showed this base, which had geometric shapes, there were towers, there were spherical buildings, there were very tall towers." ~KW (The photographic evidence I've seen thus far leaves a lot to be desired, so if more images are going to be released (as Lue Elizondo spoke about), let's hope they're clear, and conclusively show artificial structures. Ever since I first heard Wolfe tell his story (2001 at Greer's event), I felt he came across as highly credible. Unfortunately, he was killed in 2018 when he was hit by a tractor trailer as he was biking. So what did he see? Structures built by a non-human intelligence? Or, built by a previous, highly-advanced civilization on Earth? Or, from a current, human, "breakaway civilization"?) ~ Former U.S. Air Force Sergeant Karl Wolfe: "My boss came to me, I was working in a color lab at that time, I was a technician, photographic technician. I was asked to go over to this facility on Langley Air Force Base, where the NSA was bringing in the information from the lunar orbiter. And so I packed up some tools, I went over, I went into the facility. "A couple of officers took me into this hangar. This was a very large hangar. So they took me into this laboratory. I took a look at the equipment. There was an airman second class in there, I was an airman second class as well. He turned the equipment on and put it through its paces. It didn't do what it was supposed to do. I saw what was going on with it, and I said to him, 'You know, we'll have to take this thing out of the lab if we're going to work on it. We can't work on it in here in the dark-room environment.' "So, everyone left the facility, left the dark room, except this airman second class and myself. And were in, waiting for someone to come to remove this piece of equipment. And at the time, I didn't know what the real purpose of this dark room and this operation and this (laughs) facility was. I thought this was where they were bringing the data in and then releasing the images to the public. "They were doing 35 millimeter strips of film at that time, which were then assembled into 18 and a half by 11 inch mosaics, they were called. There is a digital signature and a gray scale on every 35 millimeter strip. And those strips were from successive passes around the moon. "So he was showing me how all this worked, and we walked over to one side of the lab, and he said, 'By the way, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' And I said, 'Whose (laughs)? What do you mean, whose?' He said, 'Yes, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' "And at that point, I become frightened, and was a little terrified. Thinking to myself that, if anybody walks in the room now, I know we're in jeopardy, we're in trouble, because he shouldn't be giving me this information. "And that he pulled out one of these mosaics and showed this base, which had geometric shapes, there were towers, there were spherical buildings, there were very tall towers, and things that looked somewhat like radar dishes but they were large structures. If I compare it to what I'm seeing now, because I do have photographs that have our artifacts in them that are similar to what I saw, they're massive. Some of the structures are, you know, half a mile in size. So they're huge structures. "Some of the buildings seemed to have very reflective surfaces on them. A couple of structures that I saw reminded me of cooling towers at power-generating plants, they had that sort of a shape. Some of them were just very, very straight and tall with a flat top. Some of them were round, some of them looked like a Quonset hut, you know, with a domed kind of, like a greenhouse. "The particular shot that I saw, there were several clustered together over a landscape, a fairly large landscape. I didn't want to look at it any longer than that because I felt that my life was in jeopardy. Do you understand what I'm saying (laughs)? I would love to have looked at it longer (laughs), I would have loved to have had copies. I would love to have, you know, said more about it or discussed it more, but I knew I couldn't. And I knew that that young fellow who was sharing this was really, really overstepping his bounds at that point."

"I will testify under oath before Congress that what I'm saying is the truth." "And he said, 'By the way, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' He pulled out one of these mosaics and showed this base, which had geometric shapes, there were towers, there were spherical buildings, there were very tall towers." ~KW (The photographic evidence I've seen thus far leaves a lot to be desired, so if more images are going to be released (as Lue Elizondo spoke about), let's hope they're clear, and conclusively show artificial structures. Ever since I first heard Wolfe tell his story (2001 at Greer's event), I felt he came across as highly credible. Unfortunately, he was killed in 2018 when he was hit by a tractor trailer as he was biking. So what did he see? Structures built by a non-human intelligence? Or, built by a previous, highly-advanced civilization on Earth? Or, from a current, human, "breakaway civilization"?) ~ Former U.S. Air Force Sergeant Karl Wolfe: "My boss came to me, I was working in a color lab at that time, I was a technician, photographic technician. I was asked to go over to this facility on Langley Air Force Base, where the NSA was bringing in the information from the lunar orbiter. And so I packed up some tools, I went over, I went into the facility. "A couple of officers took me into this hangar. This was a very large hangar. So they took me into this laboratory. I took a look at the equipment. There was an airman second class in there, I was an airman second class as well. He turned the equipment on and put it through its paces. It didn't do what it was supposed to do. I saw what was going on with it, and I said to him, 'You know, we'll have to take this thing out of the lab if we're going to work on it. We can't work on it in here in the dark-room environment.' "So, everyone left the facility, left the dark room, except this airman second class and myself. And were in, waiting for someone to come to remove this piece of equipment. And at the time, I didn't know what the real purpose of this dark room and this operation and this (laughs) facility was. I thought this was where they were bringing the data in and then releasing the images to the public. "They were doing 35 millimeter strips of film at that time, which were then assembled into 18 and a half by 11 inch mosaics, they were called. There is a digital signature and a gray scale on every 35 millimeter strip. And those strips were from successive passes around the moon. "So he was showing me how all this worked, and we walked over to one side of the lab, and he said, 'By the way, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' And I said, 'Whose (laughs)? What do you mean, whose?' He said, 'Yes, we've discovered a base on the back side of the Moon.' "And at that point, I become frightened, and was a little terrified. Thinking to myself that, if anybody walks in the room now, I know we're in jeopardy, we're in trouble, because he shouldn't be giving me this information. "And that he pulled out one of these mosaics and showed this base, which had geometric shapes, there were towers, there were spherical buildings, there were very tall towers, and things that looked somewhat like radar dishes but they were large structures. If I compare it to what I'm seeing now, because I do have photographs that have our artifacts in them that are similar to what I saw, they're massive. Some of the structures are, you know, half a mile in size. So they're huge structures. "Some of the buildings seemed to have very reflective surfaces on them. A couple of structures that I saw reminded me of cooling towers at power-generating plants, they had that sort of a shape. Some of them were just very, very straight and tall with a flat top. Some of them were round, some of them looked like a Quonset hut, you know, with a domed kind of, like a greenhouse. "The particular shot that I saw, there were several clustered together over a landscape, a fairly large landscape. I didn't want to look at it any longer than that because I felt that my life was in jeopardy. Do you understand what I'm saying (laughs)? I would love to have looked at it longer (laughs), I would have loved to have had copies. I would love to have, you know, said more about it or discussed it more, but I knew I couldn't. And I knew that that young fellow who was sharing this was really, really overstepping his bounds at that point."

Joe Murgia

119,063 次观看 • 3 个月前

Every Wall Street giant that owns an AI data center is suddenly looking for a buyer. And NONE of them want to be the last one holding it. Three of them made their move in the last two weeks: Vantage Data Centers is exploring an exit. Its owners, Silver Lake and DigitalBridge, are weighing a listing at around $100 billion, or a sale, or a stake sale. It would be the largest data center IPO ever done. Three days earlier, CyrusOne started the same process. KKR and Global Infrastructure Partners met Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, and the banks pitched for roles on a listing that could come as early as 2027. Last month, Switch hired Goldman and JPMorgan to take it public at close to $80 billion including debt, possibly by the fourth quarter. Three different companies moved inside the same 14 days, and the same handful of investment banks took every call. And these are the exact same firms that BOUGHT these companies off the public market four years ago. Between June 2021 and early 2022, private equity took the data center industry private. Blackstone bought QTS. KKR and Global Infrastructure Partners took CyrusOne private in a deal worth about $15 billion. DigitalBridge and IFM took Switch private for about $11 billion. Together those deals ran past $35 billion. By 2023 there were only two pure-play data center companies left on the public market. The logic at the time was that data centers burn cash for years before they pay, and public shareholders hate that. But private money was patient, and private money could wait. Four years later, the AI boom arrived and every one of those buildings became a gold mine. So follow this: Switch went private at about $11 billion in 2022. Its owners now want close to $80 billion for it. That is roughly 7x, in four years, on the same buildings. And DigitalBridge sits on both sides of this. It owns a piece of Vantage and it took Switch private. It is now looking for the door on BOTH. The question now is who is supposed to buy. There is no bigger private buyer left to sell to. These are already the largest infrastructure funds on Earth, and the price tags now run to $100 billion. The only pocket deep enough is the public market, which means anyone with a brokerage account or an index fund. The people who bought low from the public are now organizing to sell high back to the public. And they are doing it while telling everyone the buildout is just getting started. KKR raised a record $19.2 billion for its newest infrastructure fund this month, and in June launched a separate company with over $10 billion committed to finance more construction. So one hand raises fresh billions to build more data centers, and the other hand sells the finished ones to whoever will take them. None of this proves anyone thinks the boom is ending. Selling into strength is what these firms are paid to do, and every one of these deals is early stage and might never happen. But the timing tells you something: The most sophisticated infrastructure investors alive spent four years accumulating these assets in private, and all decided in the same two weeks that now is the moment to find someone else to own them. Four years ago these firms decided the public market was too impatient to own data centers. Now they want the public market to own them again, at 7x the price. Quite suspicious.

Every Wall Street giant that owns an AI data center is suddenly looking for a buyer. And NONE of them want to be the last one holding it. Three of them made their move in the last two weeks: Vantage Data Centers is exploring an exit. Its owners, Silver Lake and DigitalBridge, are weighing a listing at around $100 billion, or a sale, or a stake sale. It would be the largest data center IPO ever done. Three days earlier, CyrusOne started the same process. KKR and Global Infrastructure Partners met Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, and the banks pitched for roles on a listing that could come as early as 2027. Last month, Switch hired Goldman and JPMorgan to take it public at close to $80 billion including debt, possibly by the fourth quarter. Three different companies moved inside the same 14 days, and the same handful of investment banks took every call. And these are the exact same firms that BOUGHT these companies off the public market four years ago. Between June 2021 and early 2022, private equity took the data center industry private. Blackstone bought QTS. KKR and Global Infrastructure Partners took CyrusOne private in a deal worth about $15 billion. DigitalBridge and IFM took Switch private for about $11 billion. Together those deals ran past $35 billion. By 2023 there were only two pure-play data center companies left on the public market. The logic at the time was that data centers burn cash for years before they pay, and public shareholders hate that. But private money was patient, and private money could wait. Four years later, the AI boom arrived and every one of those buildings became a gold mine. So follow this: Switch went private at about $11 billion in 2022. Its owners now want close to $80 billion for it. That is roughly 7x, in four years, on the same buildings. And DigitalBridge sits on both sides of this. It owns a piece of Vantage and it took Switch private. It is now looking for the door on BOTH. The question now is who is supposed to buy. There is no bigger private buyer left to sell to. These are already the largest infrastructure funds on Earth, and the price tags now run to $100 billion. The only pocket deep enough is the public market, which means anyone with a brokerage account or an index fund. The people who bought low from the public are now organizing to sell high back to the public. And they are doing it while telling everyone the buildout is just getting started. KKR raised a record $19.2 billion for its newest infrastructure fund this month, and in June launched a separate company with over $10 billion committed to finance more construction. So one hand raises fresh billions to build more data centers, and the other hand sells the finished ones to whoever will take them. None of this proves anyone thinks the boom is ending. Selling into strength is what these firms are paid to do, and every one of these deals is early stage and might never happen. But the timing tells you something: The most sophisticated infrastructure investors alive spent four years accumulating these assets in private, and all decided in the same two weeks that now is the moment to find someone else to own them. Four years ago these firms decided the public market was too impatient to own data centers. Now they want the public market to own them again, at 7x the price. Quite suspicious.

Ricardo

71,544 次观看 • 1 个月前

Pompeii - their last days began on Aug. 24, 79 AD, day after Roman holiday of Volcanalia, dedicated to the god of fire. At noon Mount Vesuvius roared to life, spewing ash hundreds of feet into the air for 18 hours straight. The choking ash rained down on the cities in the surrounding countryside, filling courtyards, blocking doors, and collapsing roofs. In the only known eyewitness account to the eruption, Pliny the Younger reported on his uncle’s ill-fated foray into the thick of the ash from Misenum, on the north end of the bay: ... the buildings were now shaking with violent shocks, and seemed to be swaying to and fro as if they were torn from their foundations. Outside, on the other hand, there was the danger of failing pumice stones, even though these were light and porous; however, after comparing the risks they chose the latter. In my uncle’s case one reason outweighed the other, but for the others it was a choice of fears. As a protection against falling objects they put pillows on their heads tied down with cloths. And then: “You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness for evermore.” The next morning the cone of the volcano collapsed, triggering a hundred-mile-an-hour avalanche of mud and ash that flooded Pompeii, just a little over 5 miles away, destroying everything in its path. Pompeii and its smaller neighboring village of Herculaneum disappeared, and were only discovered by accident during the construction of Charles of Bourbon’s palace in 1738. Miraculously, the two cities were nearly perfectly preserved under layers of ash. About three-quarters of Pompeii’s 165 acres have been excavated, and some 1,150 bodies have been discovered out of about 2,000 thought to have died in the city when it was destroyed. This means that the vast majority of the city of 20,000 fled at the first signs of the volcanic activity. Those that did not flee the city of Pompeii in August of 79 AD were doomed. Buried for 1,700 years under 30 feet of mud and ash and reduced by the centuries to skeletons, they remained entombed until excavations took place in the early 19th Century. The plaster casts of the men, women, children, and animals of Pompeii were primarily made in the mid-1800s. The building they were originally housed in suffered extensive damage in World War II, and they are now located in several places around the city. As excavators continued to uncover human remains, they noticed that the skeletons were surrounded by voids in the compacted ash. By carefully pouring plaster of Paris into the spaces, the final poses, clothing, and faces of the last residents of Pompeii came to life. Antiquarium, near the Forum, once held most of the plaster casts. It was damaged during Allied bombing in 1943, and has been closed since 1978 for restoration. The Garden of the Fugitives holds the largest number of victims found in one place, where 13 people sought refuge in a fruit orchard. Nine sets of remains were found at the House of Mysteries, where the roof collapsed, trapping them inside. One plaster cast can be seen inside the Caupona Pherusa tavern. The Stabian Thermal baths and the Macellum (fish market) both house two plaster casts, and the Horrea (granary) and Olitorium (market) holds several more, including a pig, and what may be the most famous cast of all, of a small dog in a collar, writhing on its back. 🎥© History of the Romans #archaeohistories

Pompeii - their last days began on Aug. 24, 79 AD, day after Roman holiday of Volcanalia, dedicated to the god of fire. At noon Mount Vesuvius roared to life, spewing ash hundreds of feet into the air for 18 hours straight. The choking ash rained down on the cities in the surrounding countryside, filling courtyards, blocking doors, and collapsing roofs. In the only known eyewitness account to the eruption, Pliny the Younger reported on his uncle’s ill-fated foray into the thick of the ash from Misenum, on the north end of the bay: ... the buildings were now shaking with violent shocks, and seemed to be swaying to and fro as if they were torn from their foundations. Outside, on the other hand, there was the danger of failing pumice stones, even though these were light and porous; however, after comparing the risks they chose the latter. In my uncle’s case one reason outweighed the other, but for the others it was a choice of fears. As a protection against falling objects they put pillows on their heads tied down with cloths. And then: “You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness for evermore.” The next morning the cone of the volcano collapsed, triggering a hundred-mile-an-hour avalanche of mud and ash that flooded Pompeii, just a little over 5 miles away, destroying everything in its path. Pompeii and its smaller neighboring village of Herculaneum disappeared, and were only discovered by accident during the construction of Charles of Bourbon’s palace in 1738. Miraculously, the two cities were nearly perfectly preserved under layers of ash. About three-quarters of Pompeii’s 165 acres have been excavated, and some 1,150 bodies have been discovered out of about 2,000 thought to have died in the city when it was destroyed. This means that the vast majority of the city of 20,000 fled at the first signs of the volcanic activity. Those that did not flee the city of Pompeii in August of 79 AD were doomed. Buried for 1,700 years under 30 feet of mud and ash and reduced by the centuries to skeletons, they remained entombed until excavations took place in the early 19th Century. The plaster casts of the men, women, children, and animals of Pompeii were primarily made in the mid-1800s. The building they were originally housed in suffered extensive damage in World War II, and they are now located in several places around the city. As excavators continued to uncover human remains, they noticed that the skeletons were surrounded by voids in the compacted ash. By carefully pouring plaster of Paris into the spaces, the final poses, clothing, and faces of the last residents of Pompeii came to life. Antiquarium, near the Forum, once held most of the plaster casts. It was damaged during Allied bombing in 1943, and has been closed since 1978 for restoration. The Garden of the Fugitives holds the largest number of victims found in one place, where 13 people sought refuge in a fruit orchard. Nine sets of remains were found at the House of Mysteries, where the roof collapsed, trapping them inside. One plaster cast can be seen inside the Caupona Pherusa tavern. The Stabian Thermal baths and the Macellum (fish market) both house two plaster casts, and the Horrea (granary) and Olitorium (market) holds several more, including a pig, and what may be the most famous cast of all, of a small dog in a collar, writhing on its back. 🎥© History of the Romans #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

146,641 次观看 • 2 年前

David Lynch on using Roy Orbison's "In Dreams" in Blue Velvet (1986), and Roy Orbison's reaction to the film: Chris Rodley: "I’ve always assumed that ‘In Dreams’ was conceived as an integral part of the movie from the beginning. It seems conceptually essential to the story’s intentions and mood. Is that true?" Lynch: "‘In Dreams’ came about while we were in production for Blue Velvet. Kyle MacLachlan and I were on our way down to Wilmington, North Carolina, from New York City. We were going through Central Park on our way to the airport when over the cab’s radio came ‘Crying’ by Roy Orbison, and I’m listening to this song and I said, ‘That! I’ve got to get that for Blue Velvet. When I got to Wilmington I sent somebody out to get Roy Orbison’s greatest hits. I played ‘Crying’ and then I played ‘In Dreams’, and as soon as I did, I forgot ‘Crying’. ‘In Dreams’ explained to me so much of what the film was all about. I immediately called Dennis Hopper and told him about the scene I had in mind and that he had to memorize this song. Dennis and Dean Stockwell are old friends. Dean got together with Dennis to help him work out the song and memorize the lyrics. I wonder why! [Laughs.] So we finally got to the day we were going to shoot the scene in Ben’s apartment where Dennis was going to sing the song. We were rehearsing and Dean said, ‘I’ll stand here and kind of help Dennis if he needs it.’ So we started playing the music and both Dennis and Dean began to sing ‘In Dreams’. All of a sudden Dennis stops singing and looks at Dean — who’s continuing to sing. Dennis is solidly in character and he is moved by Dean’s (Ben’s) singing. There was the scene in front of me. It was so perfect. Once it was decided Dean would be singing ‘In Dreams’, another strange thing happened. I was going to use a small candle-style table lamp as the microphone. Dean knew the microphone was going to be a lamp of some sort and when he went over to the area of Ben’s apartment where we were going to set the song, thinking he saw the prop light, he picked up a work light that was hanging on a nail on the wall. He turned it on and flipped the long cord like a microphone cord and obviously it couldn’t have been more perfect. The strange thing is no one on the crew put that work light there. No one knew where it came from. Who can say how it happens?" Rodley: "The use of ‘In Dreams’ in that scene revived Roy Orbison’s career, but what did he think of the movie and the use of his music in it?" Lynch: "When Roy first saw the movie he didn’t like it. His song ‘In Dreams’ meant another whole thing to him, and it was, like, a precious thing. I think some people he respected must have gotten him to see the movie again and reconsider his feelings. Roy told me that when he saw the movie the second time, he got past what the song was for him and then could appreciate the fact that it was working in another way." — "Lynch on Lynch" (1997), edited by Chris Rodley

David Lynch on using Roy Orbison's "In Dreams" in Blue Velvet (1986), and Roy Orbison's reaction to the film: Chris Rodley: "I’ve always assumed that ‘In Dreams’ was conceived as an integral part of the movie from the beginning. It seems conceptually essential to the story’s intentions and mood. Is that true?" Lynch: "‘In Dreams’ came about while we were in production for Blue Velvet. Kyle MacLachlan and I were on our way down to Wilmington, North Carolina, from New York City. We were going through Central Park on our way to the airport when over the cab’s radio came ‘Crying’ by Roy Orbison, and I’m listening to this song and I said, ‘That! I’ve got to get that for Blue Velvet. When I got to Wilmington I sent somebody out to get Roy Orbison’s greatest hits. I played ‘Crying’ and then I played ‘In Dreams’, and as soon as I did, I forgot ‘Crying’. ‘In Dreams’ explained to me so much of what the film was all about. I immediately called Dennis Hopper and told him about the scene I had in mind and that he had to memorize this song. Dennis and Dean Stockwell are old friends. Dean got together with Dennis to help him work out the song and memorize the lyrics. I wonder why! [Laughs.] So we finally got to the day we were going to shoot the scene in Ben’s apartment where Dennis was going to sing the song. We were rehearsing and Dean said, ‘I’ll stand here and kind of help Dennis if he needs it.’ So we started playing the music and both Dennis and Dean began to sing ‘In Dreams’. All of a sudden Dennis stops singing and looks at Dean — who’s continuing to sing. Dennis is solidly in character and he is moved by Dean’s (Ben’s) singing. There was the scene in front of me. It was so perfect. Once it was decided Dean would be singing ‘In Dreams’, another strange thing happened. I was going to use a small candle-style table lamp as the microphone. Dean knew the microphone was going to be a lamp of some sort and when he went over to the area of Ben’s apartment where we were going to set the song, thinking he saw the prop light, he picked up a work light that was hanging on a nail on the wall. He turned it on and flipped the long cord like a microphone cord and obviously it couldn’t have been more perfect. The strange thing is no one on the crew put that work light there. No one knew where it came from. Who can say how it happens?" Rodley: "The use of ‘In Dreams’ in that scene revived Roy Orbison’s career, but what did he think of the movie and the use of his music in it?" Lynch: "When Roy first saw the movie he didn’t like it. His song ‘In Dreams’ meant another whole thing to him, and it was, like, a precious thing. I think some people he respected must have gotten him to see the movie again and reconsider his feelings. Roy told me that when he saw the movie the second time, he got past what the song was for him and then could appreciate the fact that it was working in another way." — "Lynch on Lynch" (1997), edited by Chris Rodley

RadiantFilm

96,565 次观看 • 8 个月前

Scott Jennings spoke at a Hillsdale College event where he told the story of his Oval Office meeting with Trump. He walked in expecting just the president, but the whole cabinet and senior staff were there in a chaotic scene. Trump spotted him, told him he looked “terrific,” and had him sit down. Then in the middle of serious meetings about tariffs and Hamas, someone bursts in complaining that the White House is still using paper straws. Trump immediately jumps on it. Jennings uses the story to show how Trump runs the place, high energy, all over the map, but focused on common-sense things. He tied it into his book A Revolution of Common Sense. The book did well for a first-time author. The book came out in November 2025 and quickly hit the bestseller lists, it reached number 8 on the New York Times Hardcover Nonfiction list and number 7 on the combined print and ebook list. It also cracked the USA Today bestseller list. It was promoted as a New York Times bestseller on the cover. Exact total sales numbers aren’t public, but for a political book like this, making those lists in its first weeks was a solid success.

Scott Jennings spoke at a Hillsdale College event where he told the story of his Oval Office meeting with Trump. He walked in expecting just the president, but the whole cabinet and senior staff were there in a chaotic scene. Trump spotted him, told him he looked “terrific,” and had him sit down. Then in the middle of serious meetings about tariffs and Hamas, someone bursts in complaining that the White House is still using paper straws. Trump immediately jumps on it. Jennings uses the story to show how Trump runs the place, high energy, all over the map, but focused on common-sense things. He tied it into his book A Revolution of Common Sense. The book did well for a first-time author. The book came out in November 2025 and quickly hit the bestseller lists, it reached number 8 on the New York Times Hardcover Nonfiction list and number 7 on the combined print and ebook list. It also cracked the USA Today bestseller list. It was promoted as a New York Times bestseller on the cover. Exact total sales numbers aren’t public, but for a political book like this, making those lists in its first weeks was a solid success.

Patricia 🇺🇸

117,771 次观看 • 4 个月前

Orson Welles: "Shakespeare said everything. Poetry has since then been neither necessary nor possible because when you can make the dawn over Elsinore with a lantern and a pot of paint there's no call for having a character stop in the middle of the action and say a line like, "But look, the morn, in russet mantle clad, walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill," even supposing you could write a line like it. You can't see and hear beauty, fully, at the same time... because poetry is its own scenery and because we've stuck to physical scenery and isolated our actor from his audience...we've stuck to prose. Before the Restoration, theatres were courtyards around platforms where you went to hear and be heard. Since then they've been birthday cakes in front of picture-frames where you go to see and to be seen...". "Shakespeare said everything. Brain to belly; every mood and minute of a man’s season. His language is starlight and fireflies and the sun and moon. He wrote it with tears and blood and beer, and his words march like heartbeats. He speaks to everyone and we all claim him but it’s wise to remember, if we would really appreciate him, that he doesn’t properly belong to us but to another world; a florid and entirely remarkable world that smelled assertively of columbine and gun powder and printer’s ink, and was vigorously dominated by Elizabeth. Shakespeare speaks everybody’s language, but with an Elizabethan accent. When he came squawking and red faced into it, England could carry a tune and was learning to talk. It was a kid of a country, waking up noisily and too suddenly into adolescence and bounding blithely into the sunny, early morning of modern times. About sixty years earlier, Columbus had bumped into a couple of new continents and the Conquistadors were busy opening them up and exploiting them. Down in Italy things had been happening. Men had taken the hoods of the dusty, dusky old Middle Ages off their heads and had begun to look around. Questions were being asked; books were being written instead of copied; people had stopped taking Aristotle’s word for it and were nosing about the world, taking it apart to see what made it run. All kinds of old established convictions were being questioned and money in huge sums was being made. By the time Shakespeare was a butcher’s boy in Stratford, all of this bustle and uncertainty and excitement had gotten across the channel and into the moist English air. An extraordinary woman was in charge and she was gathering about her throne still more extraordinary men. England was getting up on its hind legs. The touring companies of actors that came to Stratford still played rusty things that smacked of the old Moralities and the Miracle plays, but down in London real shows were being put on in place of masques and roustabouts and these plays were about real people instead of virtues and vices and other symbolic figures that never actually lived. By the time Shakespeare was married and teaching school, the Theatre, already the most complete expression of the times, was well started on a golden age. Peele and Greene and Lodge and Nash were turning out smash-hits. Kyd was busy with blood-and-thunder shockers like The Spanish Tragedy. Lyly was discovering that good plays could be written in prose and Marlowe was making dramatic poetry worth writing. The Theatre, along with a lot of other high doings, was in the air. So Shakespeare kissed his wife goodbye and went to London. London and the wide world are very lucky that he did. It was almost as though America was discovered, Elizabeth made Queen, and pirates and poets and other valorous people congregated in one age just so the young schoolteacher would come to London and we could have William Shakespeare. To know something about Shakespeare we must know something about that England in which he was born; still more important we must know something of that peculiarly pure theatre he found in London and for which he wrote. It was neither new nor clumsy. It was not a rude thing but rather, like the classic theatres and the theatres of high convention in China and Japan, a refinement. England’s stage came out of the church when the actors got too entertaining. It lingered for a couple of hundred years in front of it in the marketplace and then moved into the inn yard where it stayed until it got over being a holiday treat and became an institution and they built the first theatre. This was simply an inn yard fixed up for a play but without the inn. The stage platform was made permanent with a roof over it to protect the actors but the rabblement still had to stand around this platform in the rain or sun. An inner stage with a curtain and a level above it like a gallery was added inside. Benches were built in the spectators’ galleries where you sat if you had money and in veils if you were a lady, and there, with only slight elaboration over its daddy, the hotel courtyard, was the Elizabethan playhouse." Orson Welles's introduction to The Mercury Shakespeare, 1934 Audio: Hamlet - Orson Welles, Mercury 1936 ’Tis gone. We do it wrong, being so majestical, To offer it the show of violence It was about to speak when the cock crew. And then it started like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons. But look, the morn in russet mantle clad Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastward hill.

Orson Welles: "Shakespeare said everything. Poetry has since then been neither necessary nor possible because when you can make the dawn over Elsinore with a lantern and a pot of paint there's no call for having a character stop in the middle of the action and say a line like, "But look, the morn, in russet mantle clad, walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill," even supposing you could write a line like it. You can't see and hear beauty, fully, at the same time... because poetry is its own scenery and because we've stuck to physical scenery and isolated our actor from his audience...we've stuck to prose. Before the Restoration, theatres were courtyards around platforms where you went to hear and be heard. Since then they've been birthday cakes in front of picture-frames where you go to see and to be seen...". "Shakespeare said everything. Brain to belly; every mood and minute of a man’s season. His language is starlight and fireflies and the sun and moon. He wrote it with tears and blood and beer, and his words march like heartbeats. He speaks to everyone and we all claim him but it’s wise to remember, if we would really appreciate him, that he doesn’t properly belong to us but to another world; a florid and entirely remarkable world that smelled assertively of columbine and gun powder and printer’s ink, and was vigorously dominated by Elizabeth. Shakespeare speaks everybody’s language, but with an Elizabethan accent. When he came squawking and red faced into it, England could carry a tune and was learning to talk. It was a kid of a country, waking up noisily and too suddenly into adolescence and bounding blithely into the sunny, early morning of modern times. About sixty years earlier, Columbus had bumped into a couple of new continents and the Conquistadors were busy opening them up and exploiting them. Down in Italy things had been happening. Men had taken the hoods of the dusty, dusky old Middle Ages off their heads and had begun to look around. Questions were being asked; books were being written instead of copied; people had stopped taking Aristotle’s word for it and were nosing about the world, taking it apart to see what made it run. All kinds of old established convictions were being questioned and money in huge sums was being made. By the time Shakespeare was a butcher’s boy in Stratford, all of this bustle and uncertainty and excitement had gotten across the channel and into the moist English air. An extraordinary woman was in charge and she was gathering about her throne still more extraordinary men. England was getting up on its hind legs. The touring companies of actors that came to Stratford still played rusty things that smacked of the old Moralities and the Miracle plays, but down in London real shows were being put on in place of masques and roustabouts and these plays were about real people instead of virtues and vices and other symbolic figures that never actually lived. By the time Shakespeare was married and teaching school, the Theatre, already the most complete expression of the times, was well started on a golden age. Peele and Greene and Lodge and Nash were turning out smash-hits. Kyd was busy with blood-and-thunder shockers like The Spanish Tragedy. Lyly was discovering that good plays could be written in prose and Marlowe was making dramatic poetry worth writing. The Theatre, along with a lot of other high doings, was in the air. So Shakespeare kissed his wife goodbye and went to London. London and the wide world are very lucky that he did. It was almost as though America was discovered, Elizabeth made Queen, and pirates and poets and other valorous people congregated in one age just so the young schoolteacher would come to London and we could have William Shakespeare. To know something about Shakespeare we must know something about that England in which he was born; still more important we must know something of that peculiarly pure theatre he found in London and for which he wrote. It was neither new nor clumsy. It was not a rude thing but rather, like the classic theatres and the theatres of high convention in China and Japan, a refinement. England’s stage came out of the church when the actors got too entertaining. It lingered for a couple of hundred years in front of it in the marketplace and then moved into the inn yard where it stayed until it got over being a holiday treat and became an institution and they built the first theatre. This was simply an inn yard fixed up for a play but without the inn. The stage platform was made permanent with a roof over it to protect the actors but the rabblement still had to stand around this platform in the rain or sun. An inner stage with a curtain and a level above it like a gallery was added inside. Benches were built in the spectators’ galleries where you sat if you had money and in veils if you were a lady, and there, with only slight elaboration over its daddy, the hotel courtyard, was the Elizabethan playhouse." Orson Welles's introduction to The Mercury Shakespeare, 1934 Audio: Hamlet - Orson Welles, Mercury 1936 ’Tis gone. We do it wrong, being so majestical, To offer it the show of violence It was about to speak when the cock crew. And then it started like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons. But look, the morn in russet mantle clad Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastward hill.

films7

86,136 次观看 • 3 个月前

In the mid-19th century, as poverty and homelessness overwhelmed America’s bustling cities, a bold yet controversial experiment began. Between 1854 and 1929, over 200,000 children were uprooted from overcrowded urban centers and sent on trains across the United States to find new families and opportunities. This ambitious social movement, known as the Orphan Train Movement, was meant to offer hope and a second chance for many, yet it revealed the complexities of relocation, adoption, and societal expectations. By the mid-1800s, the streets of cities like New York and Boston teemed with orphaned and homeless children. These children, often referred to as “street Arabs,” survived through begging, selling small goods, or engaging in petty crimes. With growing immigrant populations, the number of destitute children soared, leaving local authorities unable to cope. It was Charles Loring Brace, a visionary minister from Connecticut, who first saw a solution to this growing crisis. In 1853, he founded the Children’s Aid Society with a mission to rescue these children from the harsh realities of urban life. Rather than placing them in overcrowded, grim orphanages Brace proposed an innovative idea: send the children westward to rural families who could offer them homes and employment. “The best of all asylums for the outcast child is the farmer’s home,” Brace famously said. His idea laid the foundation for the largest child relocation program in American history. For many children, the journey on the orphan trains was both thrilling and frightening. Most had no idea where they were going or what awaited them at the end of the line. Some were given new clothes, a cardboard suitcase, and a name tag before being placed in the care of chaperones who accompanied them on their westward journey. Elliot Bobo was just eight years old when he boarded an orphan train. His mother had died when he was two, and his father struggled with alcoholism. As Elliot remembered, “Far as I know, my father hit the bottle pretty heavy, and they took us away from him.” The Children’s Aid Society gave him a small suitcase, which he still keeps to this day. “I had all my possessions in there, which wasn’t much. No shoes, just a change of clothes,” he recalled. Handbills advertised “cargoes of needy children,” and as trains pulled into towns, the children were paraded before potential adoptive parents at local town halls or churches. Prospective parents would inspect the children, much like they would livestock, deciding which ones were best suited for their homes and farms. Some families welcomed the children with open arms, but others saw them as free labor. Elliot remembers the unsettling experience clearly. A farmer approached him, feeling his muscles, and said, “Oh, you’d make a good hand on the farm.” But Elliot responded, “You smell bad. You haven’t had a bath, probably, in a year.” When the farmer tried to take him, Elliot bit and kicked him. Labeled as uncontrollable, he sat alone in tears, but he eventually found a home where he was loved and cared for. The Orphan Train Movement was often hailed as a progressive solution to child homelessness, but it brought both successes and challenges. On one hand, thousands of children found loving homes and opportunities they would have never had in the overcrowded, dangerous streets of the cities. Success stories, like those of Andrew Burke and John Brady—two former orphan train riders who became governors of North Dakota and Alaska—often highlight the program’s achievements. However, not all children were so fortunate. Some were treated more like servants than family members, with abuse and neglect not uncommon. As one orphan train rider, Hazelle Latimer, recounted, she was once examined “like a horse,” and taken in by a farmer who saw her more as a workhorse than a daughter. By the early 1900s, changing views on child welfare and labor brought the orphan train era to a close.

In the mid-19th century, as poverty and homelessness overwhelmed America’s bustling cities, a bold yet controversial experiment began. Between 1854 and 1929, over 200,000 children were uprooted from overcrowded urban centers and sent on trains across the United States to find new families and opportunities. This ambitious social movement, known as the Orphan Train Movement, was meant to offer hope and a second chance for many, yet it revealed the complexities of relocation, adoption, and societal expectations. By the mid-1800s, the streets of cities like New York and Boston teemed with orphaned and homeless children. These children, often referred to as “street Arabs,” survived through begging, selling small goods, or engaging in petty crimes. With growing immigrant populations, the number of destitute children soared, leaving local authorities unable to cope. It was Charles Loring Brace, a visionary minister from Connecticut, who first saw a solution to this growing crisis. In 1853, he founded the Children’s Aid Society with a mission to rescue these children from the harsh realities of urban life. Rather than placing them in overcrowded, grim orphanages Brace proposed an innovative idea: send the children westward to rural families who could offer them homes and employment. “The best of all asylums for the outcast child is the farmer’s home,” Brace famously said. His idea laid the foundation for the largest child relocation program in American history. For many children, the journey on the orphan trains was both thrilling and frightening. Most had no idea where they were going or what awaited them at the end of the line. Some were given new clothes, a cardboard suitcase, and a name tag before being placed in the care of chaperones who accompanied them on their westward journey. Elliot Bobo was just eight years old when he boarded an orphan train. His mother had died when he was two, and his father struggled with alcoholism. As Elliot remembered, “Far as I know, my father hit the bottle pretty heavy, and they took us away from him.” The Children’s Aid Society gave him a small suitcase, which he still keeps to this day. “I had all my possessions in there, which wasn’t much. No shoes, just a change of clothes,” he recalled. Handbills advertised “cargoes of needy children,” and as trains pulled into towns, the children were paraded before potential adoptive parents at local town halls or churches. Prospective parents would inspect the children, much like they would livestock, deciding which ones were best suited for their homes and farms. Some families welcomed the children with open arms, but others saw them as free labor. Elliot remembers the unsettling experience clearly. A farmer approached him, feeling his muscles, and said, “Oh, you’d make a good hand on the farm.” But Elliot responded, “You smell bad. You haven’t had a bath, probably, in a year.” When the farmer tried to take him, Elliot bit and kicked him. Labeled as uncontrollable, he sat alone in tears, but he eventually found a home where he was loved and cared for. The Orphan Train Movement was often hailed as a progressive solution to child homelessness, but it brought both successes and challenges. On one hand, thousands of children found loving homes and opportunities they would have never had in the overcrowded, dangerous streets of the cities. Success stories, like those of Andrew Burke and John Brady—two former orphan train riders who became governors of North Dakota and Alaska—often highlight the program’s achievements. However, not all children were so fortunate. Some were treated more like servants than family members, with abuse and neglect not uncommon. As one orphan train rider, Hazelle Latimer, recounted, she was once examined “like a horse,” and taken in by a farmer who saw her more as a workhorse than a daughter. By the early 1900s, changing views on child welfare and labor brought the orphan train era to a close.

Victoria 🇺🇸⏳🗽🚔

35,709 次观看 • 6 个月前

Interesting times in the maps space, and its exciting there is so much buzz - maps are awesome :) My parents Rakesh and Rashmi Verma pioneered digital mapping in India in 1995, returning from the US after a successful career there with the passion and desire to do something unique for India. And it’s been 20 years for me personally in the mapping space, since I was a 19-year old Stanford engineering undergraduate student and got involved in starting India’s first interactive mapping portal, I realise MapmyIndia is a relatively lesser known company amidst more consumer facing global and local players, so it would be great if this post can be amplified, so that more people can be made aware 🙏 Warm regards, Rohan Verma CEO & ED, MapmyIndia *** A few thoughts on maps: 1) Accuracy and quality of maps is critical. I’d caution folks to check out quality and reliability of maps by browsing those maps in areas familiar to them, and if they notice errors in them, in terms of incorrect places marked wrongly on the map, it should serve as a reminder not to rely on such maps. I’ve personally looked at the maps of various global and local players, and find so many inaccuracies, which confirms my belief that the difficult art and science of map-making is not as easy and people may imagine or claim. 2) What’s exciting about Mappls MapmyIndia, as a home-grown indigenous deep tech digital products and platforms company, is that not just did we pioneer digital mapping in India since 1995, when there were no other digital maps available for the country, but back then, and even now, we’ve always built the most cutting-edge tech to build the most capable maps and empower our customers, users and developers with the most comprehensive and advanced solutions. Over the last 15 or so years, there have actually been many global and local players who have come into the mapping market, yet for some reason or the other, they haven’t sustained or maintained quality. On our side we have continuously innovated in our products and tech - already bringing and making the most advanced featured available into our 4D HD maps covering 360 RealViews and 3D drone and digital twin based maps, immersive views and RealVerses - and focused on solving the needs of Indian consumers and enterprises, and served customers and users with humility, passion and consistency, with a solid and sustainable business model to ensure and provide a long-term reliable mapping solution for customers and the country. 3) Here’s an explainer video of our maps, tech & APIs which focus on how developers, users and customers can leverage our solutions to get their needs solved in the best way. Do watch - you’ll be pleasantly surprised and happy at the offering. 4) To try out as a developer for yourself, visit We’re glad that tens of thousands of developers, and their hundreds of millions of users, benefit from Mappls MapmyIndia Maps & APIs everyday, using both our free plans and our commercial plans. Do try for your own needs as a developer. 5) In one sense, the quality and capability of Mappls MapmyIndia is proven to be better and more useful and valuable through our free consumer Mappls MapmyIndia app (learn more and download from which has gotten love from millions of consumers who are able to navigate safer and better. MapmyIndia Mappls Rakesh Verma @RashmiV1956

Interesting times in the maps space, and its exciting there is so much buzz - maps are awesome :) My parents Rakesh and Rashmi Verma pioneered digital mapping in India in 1995, returning from the US after a successful career there with the passion and desire to do something unique for India. And it’s been 20 years for me personally in the mapping space, since I was a 19-year old Stanford engineering undergraduate student and got involved in starting India’s first interactive mapping portal, I realise MapmyIndia is a relatively lesser known company amidst more consumer facing global and local players, so it would be great if this post can be amplified, so that more people can be made aware 🙏 Warm regards, Rohan Verma CEO & ED, MapmyIndia *** A few thoughts on maps: 1) Accuracy and quality of maps is critical. I’d caution folks to check out quality and reliability of maps by browsing those maps in areas familiar to them, and if they notice errors in them, in terms of incorrect places marked wrongly on the map, it should serve as a reminder not to rely on such maps. I’ve personally looked at the maps of various global and local players, and find so many inaccuracies, which confirms my belief that the difficult art and science of map-making is not as easy and people may imagine or claim. 2) What’s exciting about Mappls MapmyIndia, as a home-grown indigenous deep tech digital products and platforms company, is that not just did we pioneer digital mapping in India since 1995, when there were no other digital maps available for the country, but back then, and even now, we’ve always built the most cutting-edge tech to build the most capable maps and empower our customers, users and developers with the most comprehensive and advanced solutions. Over the last 15 or so years, there have actually been many global and local players who have come into the mapping market, yet for some reason or the other, they haven’t sustained or maintained quality. On our side we have continuously innovated in our products and tech - already bringing and making the most advanced featured available into our 4D HD maps covering 360 RealViews and 3D drone and digital twin based maps, immersive views and RealVerses - and focused on solving the needs of Indian consumers and enterprises, and served customers and users with humility, passion and consistency, with a solid and sustainable business model to ensure and provide a long-term reliable mapping solution for customers and the country. 3) Here’s an explainer video of our maps, tech & APIs which focus on how developers, users and customers can leverage our solutions to get their needs solved in the best way. Do watch - you’ll be pleasantly surprised and happy at the offering. 4) To try out as a developer for yourself, visit We’re glad that tens of thousands of developers, and their hundreds of millions of users, benefit from Mappls MapmyIndia Maps & APIs everyday, using both our free plans and our commercial plans. Do try for your own needs as a developer. 5) In one sense, the quality and capability of Mappls MapmyIndia is proven to be better and more useful and valuable through our free consumer Mappls MapmyIndia app (learn more and download from which has gotten love from millions of consumers who are able to navigate safer and better. MapmyIndia Mappls Rakesh Verma @RashmiV1956

Rohan Verma

16,237 次观看 • 2 年前

.DHH credits Marc Andreessen Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸 with helping him the most during the darkest time of his professional life: "It was during that rough going where Andreessen came in. We were a small company of 60 people and 20 took the offer and left. That's almost a third of the company that decided to leave and we got to a point where we were thinking that not many more have to leave before we need to worry about whether we can keep the lights on. And it was actually Tobi who then put me in contact with Marc Andreessen because Marc had been exposed to this phenomenon at some of his portfolio companies. And Marc gave us reassurance and a bunch of contacts. Marc said, "Do you need someone to come in to help do programming or help with operations or whatever?" And I was floored by the generosity because Marc and I haven't always seen eye to eye on things. Especially in terms of venture capital. He's been one of the main faces of venture capital for decades and I've been kind of critical at times. And it was just a realization that all those grievances we might have thought to be so big once upon a time were actually minuscule. We were fighting the white walkers on the other side of the wall and all our internal squabbles were going to be for nothing if those f*ckers got inside the wall and destroyed everything. And that felt like a real threat at the time. That could've happened. They could very well have just ripped the whole thing apart. And Marc clearly saw that that this was a collective, almost existential threat to the entire industry. If these activists were able to take over these institutions in the same way that they have taken over academia we would be f*cked and not just for a little while but potentially for decades. That couldn't stand. And Marc was incredibly helpful not just in terms of these contacts and introductions and so on but it was very powerful. When you have literally 40,000 people on Twitter calling you all the worst things in the world even the strongest individual might go for a second like "Holy sh*t. The mob is coming for me and there's no one else there." And there are other people there. Tobi was there. Marc was there. And it was incredibly helpful to give us the fortitude to go like "No do you know what? We're going to stick with it. We're not going to grovel. We're not going to apologize. We're not going to revert." And then what Marc also did was he gave me a syllabus for understanding the history of wokeness going all the way back to the '60s and beyond. That this didn't just come as lightning from a blue sky. This had an institutional grounding that was set in motion particularly in the '60s and the long march through the institutions, Herbert Marcuse and a lot of The Frankfurt School and all of these groups that had designs on how to reshape society and create the revolution they so dearly wanted, but with a timeline and a roadmap that was demarcated in decades. That it wasn't just like "Well we're going to put something together and then in two years something's going to happen." No they were sitting in the fucking '60s fantasizing about how to overthrow everything in the 2000s. It's actually incredible in a Dr. Evil sense of it but when you're on the receiving end of it it seemed a little less incredible and it was just difficult not knowing where's this coming from? Why is this happening all of a sudden? Well it wasn't happening all of a sudden. There was this long history of it and when you understood that history it made a lot more sense. We weren't just making a rejection for our little corner of the world. We were chipping in in the great civilizational battle of where this country was going to go, whether the white walkers beyond the wall were going to win. And we were like "No they're not going to f*cking win. Get them out of that f*cking wall. Take your goddamn spear and fire it with maximum velocity."

.DHH credits Marc Andreessen Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸 with helping him the most during the darkest time of his professional life: "It was during that rough going where Andreessen came in. We were a small company of 60 people and 20 took the offer and left. That's almost a third of the company that decided to leave and we got to a point where we were thinking that not many more have to leave before we need to worry about whether we can keep the lights on. And it was actually Tobi who then put me in contact with Marc Andreessen because Marc had been exposed to this phenomenon at some of his portfolio companies. And Marc gave us reassurance and a bunch of contacts. Marc said, "Do you need someone to come in to help do programming or help with operations or whatever?" And I was floored by the generosity because Marc and I haven't always seen eye to eye on things. Especially in terms of venture capital. He's been one of the main faces of venture capital for decades and I've been kind of critical at times. And it was just a realization that all those grievances we might have thought to be so big once upon a time were actually minuscule. We were fighting the white walkers on the other side of the wall and all our internal squabbles were going to be for nothing if those fckers got inside the wall and destroyed everything. And that felt like a real threat at the time. That could've happened. They could very well have just ripped the whole thing apart. And Marc clearly saw that that this was a collective, almost existential threat to the entire industry. If these activists were able to take over these institutions in the same way that they have taken over academia we would be fcked and not just for a little while but potentially for decades. That couldn't stand. And Marc was incredibly helpful not just in terms of these contacts and introductions and so on but it was very powerful. When you have literally 40,000 people on Twitter calling you all the worst things in the world even the strongest individual might go for a second like "Holy sht. The mob is coming for me and there's no one else there." And there are other people there. Tobi was there. Marc was there. And it was incredibly helpful to give us the fortitude to go like "No do you know what? We're going to stick with it. We're not going to grovel. We're not going to apologize. We're not going to revert." And then what Marc also did was he gave me a syllabus for understanding the history of wokeness going all the way back to the '60s and beyond. That this didn't just come as lightning from a blue sky. This had an institutional grounding that was set in motion particularly in the '60s and the long march through the institutions, Herbert Marcuse and a lot of The Frankfurt School and all of these groups that had designs on how to reshape society and create the revolution they so dearly wanted, but with a timeline and a roadmap that was demarcated in decades. That it wasn't just like "Well we're going to put something together and then in two years something's going to happen." No they were sitting in the fucking '60s fantasizing about how to overthrow everything in the 2000s. It's actually incredible in a Dr. Evil sense of it but when you're on the receiving end of it it seemed a little less incredible and it was just difficult not knowing where's this coming from? Why is this happening all of a sudden? Well it wasn't happening all of a sudden. There was this long history of it and when you understood that history it made a lot more sense. We weren't just making a rejection for our little corner of the world. We were chipping in in the great civilizational battle of where this country was going to go, whether the white walkers beyond the wall were going to win. And we were like "No they're not going to fcking win. Get them out of that f*cking wall. Take your goddamn spear and fire it with maximum velocity."

David Senra

525,962 次观看 • 2 个月前

Using Grok build, now we were able to cross the magnetosphere data (from ACE and Solar-1 satellites) which shown the magnetic field lines of the Earth .... with the BOM (bureau of meteorology Australia) magnetopause feed ------ the BOM shows the standoff distance of the edge of the magnetosphere ----- the area called the "magnetopause". Now we get to see the buffeting blasts of solar wind and charged particles when they hit Earth (coming from the sun). This then perturbs the electromagnetic field lines of Earth shown by ACE and Solar-1 -- and that vibration is carried on down to the CORE OF THE EARTH! Also added in the ability to turn off Earth (transparent) so we can see inside Earth down to the calculations most people never even get to see -- and see it get vibrated , plucked like strings on a guitar! The BOM data, as well as the ACE, and Solar-1 data are all real time, and can be set to update every 1minute to every hour! The projected trail of the magnetic field around Earth is just an approximation, but it set to also vibrate along with the BOM data showing the magnetopause compression / expansion when strong solar winds, or large particle storms hit. Simply put, summed up, using Grok we were able to rebuild the old school Japanese NICT site, make it fully 3D interactive, and add in the BOM to make a new form of data observation where both the magnetopause, and magnetosphere data are combined into one, displayed on the same screen at the same time!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Both feeds can be toggled on / off so as to view one or the other as well if the user wishes! I will release this to the public for free along with the Solar and Earthquake programs very soon!

Using Grok build, now we were able to cross the magnetosphere data (from ACE and Solar-1 satellites) which shown the magnetic field lines of the Earth .... with the BOM (bureau of meteorology Australia) magnetopause feed ------ the BOM shows the standoff distance of the edge of the magnetosphere ----- the area called the "magnetopause". Now we get to see the buffeting blasts of solar wind and charged particles when they hit Earth (coming from the sun). This then perturbs the electromagnetic field lines of Earth shown by ACE and Solar-1 -- and that vibration is carried on down to the CORE OF THE EARTH! Also added in the ability to turn off Earth (transparent) so we can see inside Earth down to the calculations most people never even get to see -- and see it get vibrated , plucked like strings on a guitar! The BOM data, as well as the ACE, and Solar-1 data are all real time, and can be set to update every 1minute to every hour! The projected trail of the magnetic field around Earth is just an approximation, but it set to also vibrate along with the BOM data showing the magnetopause compression / expansion when strong solar winds, or large particle storms hit. Simply put, summed up, using Grok we were able to rebuild the old school Japanese NICT site, make it fully 3D interactive, and add in the BOM to make a new form of data observation where both the magnetopause, and magnetosphere data are combined into one, displayed on the same screen at the same time!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Both feeds can be toggled on / off so as to view one or the other as well if the user wishes! I will release this to the public for free along with the Solar and Earthquake programs very soon!

Dutchsinse

10,820 次观看 • 1 个月前

Tom Holland on the moment 30 miles offshore that left him unable to speak for three hours Tom: "we went swimming with killer whales in Mexico I said the other day it was last year and it was one of the most humbling experiences of my life there's no proof of it there's no evidence because it was so off the cuff we weren't planning on doing it so most people I tell are like you definitely didn't do that" "we were in Mexico and we were on a boat and we just so happened to see this pod of orca Jack my security guard thought it'd be a good idea to jump in he jumped straight in flippers on goggles on and we were driving to keep up with the whales cuz they were kind of following our boat so by the time Jack had jumped in he was like 100 metres away and you could see him and the whales were like swimming around him so I'm starting to freak out cuz he's a good friend of mine" Jay: "and he's your security" Tom: "and he's my security I'm like Jack we got to get back to the hotel bro so I said to the guy like excuse me sir can you turn around and go and get my friend cuz we now can't see him anymore like he's gone we found him we got him back in the boat and he sort of said like lads you have to get in there it's unlike anything you've ever seen before" "my brother Harry's like googling whether or not it's safe to swim with them and it's sort of the general consensus online is don't go swimming with killer whales you can there's never been a recorded attack in the wild but they are wild animals big as a bus and also Jack's giving it like don't worry Tom I'll be there I'll look after you I'm like Jack what are you going to do bro like what's this this whale decides to eat me" Tom: "so anyway we put the flippers on put the goggles on we find the whales they're sort of interacting with the back of the boat they're clearly curious and I just was like I'm going to try it and see what happens I jumped in my brother jumped in Jack jumped in we kind of came together with 30 miles out of the coast so it's literally like dark blue water nothing below us" "and to my relief the whales had gone we couldn't see them so I'm sort of thinking oh well that's actually a bit of a touch at least I can say I jumped in and they have gone but then Jack said look down and we looked down and it came from beneath us" "what has been such an interesting experience for me was as soon as I saw the whale I wasn't scared anymore because I could just tell that it wasn't going to eat me I don't know how to explain it but you could just see from its body language" "I remember it so vividly it swam up to us it was maybe 10 metres below us and it was kind of motionlessly sort of just looking at us and then it kind of rolled on its back it did this weird thing where it kind of put its head like this and you could see its eye like we were having this crazy like moment and then it just swam off and it was gone" "and then for 3 hours afterwards I couldn't speak I had the biggest adrenaline dump I just basically was asleep but it was such an amazing experience to sort of meet the apex predator of the world and it kind of look at you and just swim away"

Tom Holland on the moment 30 miles offshore that left him unable to speak for three hours Tom: "we went swimming with killer whales in Mexico I said the other day it was last year and it was one of the most humbling experiences of my life there's no proof of it there's no evidence because it was so off the cuff we weren't planning on doing it so most people I tell are like you definitely didn't do that" "we were in Mexico and we were on a boat and we just so happened to see this pod of orca Jack my security guard thought it'd be a good idea to jump in he jumped straight in flippers on goggles on and we were driving to keep up with the whales cuz they were kind of following our boat so by the time Jack had jumped in he was like 100 metres away and you could see him and the whales were like swimming around him so I'm starting to freak out cuz he's a good friend of mine" Jay: "and he's your security" Tom: "and he's my security I'm like Jack we got to get back to the hotel bro so I said to the guy like excuse me sir can you turn around and go and get my friend cuz we now can't see him anymore like he's gone we found him we got him back in the boat and he sort of said like lads you have to get in there it's unlike anything you've ever seen before" "my brother Harry's like googling whether or not it's safe to swim with them and it's sort of the general consensus online is don't go swimming with killer whales you can there's never been a recorded attack in the wild but they are wild animals big as a bus and also Jack's giving it like don't worry Tom I'll be there I'll look after you I'm like Jack what are you going to do bro like what's this this whale decides to eat me" Tom: "so anyway we put the flippers on put the goggles on we find the whales they're sort of interacting with the back of the boat they're clearly curious and I just was like I'm going to try it and see what happens I jumped in my brother jumped in Jack jumped in we kind of came together with 30 miles out of the coast so it's literally like dark blue water nothing below us" "and to my relief the whales had gone we couldn't see them so I'm sort of thinking oh well that's actually a bit of a touch at least I can say I jumped in and they have gone but then Jack said look down and we looked down and it came from beneath us" "what has been such an interesting experience for me was as soon as I saw the whale I wasn't scared anymore because I could just tell that it wasn't going to eat me I don't know how to explain it but you could just see from its body language" "I remember it so vividly it swam up to us it was maybe 10 metres below us and it was kind of motionlessly sort of just looking at us and then it kind of rolled on its back it did this weird thing where it kind of put its head like this and you could see its eye like we were having this crazy like moment and then it just swam off and it was gone" "and then for 3 hours afterwards I couldn't speak I had the biggest adrenaline dump I just basically was asleep but it was such an amazing experience to sort of meet the apex predator of the world and it kind of look at you and just swim away"

Naruto

205,595 次观看 • 2 个月前

After the strikes on Iran, the US received the most massive response: missiles were fired at US bases in various countries. Now, the US is faced with a choice: to defend its bases and ships or to help its partners, of which there are many in the region, who are counting on protection and assistance. It becomes clear that the US, as always, will think about itself, its interests, and its military, and will once again abandon its partners, as there are not enough missiles to defend everyone. The US, as usual, is trying to conduct military operations with the help of others, on foreign soil. There's nothing new here. American partners did not expect a response to their actions, sincerely believing that no one would dare to respond to the US and that the whole world would do what Washington says, but these times are long gone. This is shown by the events of recent years. Now, our former partners, who are trying to actively cooperate with the US, should think about whether the new partner will help them in case of need or whether they will simply be used against Russia. Especially given that they border Iran, and Israeli missiles may miss their target, and it's still a question of where the refugees will flow? Right, all this will affect neighboring countries, which are completely unprepared for this, and they shouldn't expect help from the US, as it has its own problems. The US continues to impose its own truth on the world. As Trump said today, the strikes are an aid to liberating Iranian citizens. Who asked them to do this? It's not clear. Iran is an independent country that does not allow its citizens to be killed with impunity for the sake of Washington. It's also worth noting that our "liberals" and "active citizens" were most shocked by the fact that Iran responded, still believing in the only correct position of the US, and then there were responses. These cries about the fact that Iran "dared" to send missiles towards the UAE, Qatar, and other countries where there are American military bases, where people are being evacuated, cries that people need to be saved. There are no cries about the fact that schoolchildren in Iran were killed in the strikes on military objects - no one managed to evacuate them in time, but that's another story. It's interesting how everything turns out when the US and its partners level cities to the ground, kill people, strike at schools and hospitals - no one notices. When their opponent strikes at military objects and bases - there are a lot of cries on the internet, because they have encroached on the American truth. Any military action is big politics. In addition to military actions, an information war is being waged. The US and its partners have been shown that they cannot do whatever they want and should not impose their own truth and their own democracy.

After the strikes on Iran, the US received the most massive response: missiles were fired at US bases in various countries. Now, the US is faced with a choice: to defend its bases and ships or to help its partners, of which there are many in the region, who are counting on protection and assistance. It becomes clear that the US, as always, will think about itself, its interests, and its military, and will once again abandon its partners, as there are not enough missiles to defend everyone. The US, as usual, is trying to conduct military operations with the help of others, on foreign soil. There's nothing new here. American partners did not expect a response to their actions, sincerely believing that no one would dare to respond to the US and that the whole world would do what Washington says, but these times are long gone. This is shown by the events of recent years. Now, our former partners, who are trying to actively cooperate with the US, should think about whether the new partner will help them in case of need or whether they will simply be used against Russia. Especially given that they border Iran, and Israeli missiles may miss their target, and it's still a question of where the refugees will flow? Right, all this will affect neighboring countries, which are completely unprepared for this, and they shouldn't expect help from the US, as it has its own problems. The US continues to impose its own truth on the world. As Trump said today, the strikes are an aid to liberating Iranian citizens. Who asked them to do this? It's not clear. Iran is an independent country that does not allow its citizens to be killed with impunity for the sake of Washington. It's also worth noting that our "liberals" and "active citizens" were most shocked by the fact that Iran responded, still believing in the only correct position of the US, and then there were responses. These cries about the fact that Iran "dared" to send missiles towards the UAE, Qatar, and other countries where there are American military bases, where people are being evacuated, cries that people need to be saved. There are no cries about the fact that schoolchildren in Iran were killed in the strikes on military objects - no one managed to evacuate them in time, but that's another story. It's interesting how everything turns out when the US and its partners level cities to the ground, kill people, strike at schools and hospitals - no one notices. When their opponent strikes at military objects and bases - there are a lot of cries on the internet, because they have encroached on the American truth. Any military action is big politics. In addition to military actions, an information war is being waged. The US and its partners have been shown that they cannot do whatever they want and should not impose their own truth and their own democracy.

🇷🇺 STANISLAV KRAPIVNIK 🇷🇺

175,334 次观看 • 7 个月前

August 9, 1945. Three days after Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb destroys a second Japanese city. But Nagasaki was not even the target that morning. It died largely by chance, because of clouds over another city and a few gallons of fuel. The bomb was called Fat Man, a plutonium weapon, more powerful than the one that hit Hiroshima and of the same design as the one tested in the desert three weeks before. It was carried by a B-29 named Bockscar, flown by Major Charles Sweeney. The primary target that day was not Nagasaki at all. It was the city of Kokura, which held a large arsenal. Almost everything went wrong on the flight. A fuel pump problem meant Bockscar could not use some of its fuel, leaving it dangerously short for the long mission. When the aircraft reached Kokura, the city was covered in cloud and haze and drifting smoke from a conventional raid on a nearby town the day before. The crew had strict orders to bomb visually, by eye, not by radar. They made three passes over Kokura trying to find a gap in the cloud, flak coming up at them, fuel running down, and they could not see the aiming point. So they turned away. To this day, to have a narrow escape is called in Japanese the luck of Kokura, though the people there never knew how close they came. Running low on fuel, Bockscar flew on to its secondary target, Nagasaki. There too the city was mostly covered by cloud, and they had nearly decided to bomb by radar in violation of orders, or to give up and ditch, when a break appeared for a few seconds. Through that gap the bombardier caught sight of the ground and released. The bomb missed the planned aiming point by a wide margin and detonated instead over the Urakami valley, a district that happened to contain the largest Christian community in Japan, its great cathedral, schools, and hospitals. The hills around the valley confined the blast somewhat, which spared parts of the city, but where it struck, the destruction was total, the same searing flash and fire and shockwave as at Hiroshima. Around 40,000 people were killed almost instantly. By the end of the year the dead numbered perhaps 80,000, out of a city of around 250,000. Among the many killed were, in a bitter irony, thousands of Japanese Christians at prayer and Allied prisoners of war held in the city. Within days of Nagasaki, and of the Soviet invasion that had begun the day before, Japan surrendered. Nagasaki was the second atomic bombing in history, and it remains, so far, the last. A city that was not the target, hit through a gap in the clouds in the last minutes of a failing mission, and tens of thousands of people who died because the weather over Kokura happened to be bad.

August 9, 1945. Three days after Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb destroys a second Japanese city. But Nagasaki was not even the target that morning. It died largely by chance, because of clouds over another city and a few gallons of fuel. The bomb was called Fat Man, a plutonium weapon, more powerful than the one that hit Hiroshima and of the same design as the one tested in the desert three weeks before. It was carried by a B-29 named Bockscar, flown by Major Charles Sweeney. The primary target that day was not Nagasaki at all. It was the city of Kokura, which held a large arsenal. Almost everything went wrong on the flight. A fuel pump problem meant Bockscar could not use some of its fuel, leaving it dangerously short for the long mission. When the aircraft reached Kokura, the city was covered in cloud and haze and drifting smoke from a conventional raid on a nearby town the day before. The crew had strict orders to bomb visually, by eye, not by radar. They made three passes over Kokura trying to find a gap in the cloud, flak coming up at them, fuel running down, and they could not see the aiming point. So they turned away. To this day, to have a narrow escape is called in Japanese the luck of Kokura, though the people there never knew how close they came. Running low on fuel, Bockscar flew on to its secondary target, Nagasaki. There too the city was mostly covered by cloud, and they had nearly decided to bomb by radar in violation of orders, or to give up and ditch, when a break appeared for a few seconds. Through that gap the bombardier caught sight of the ground and released. The bomb missed the planned aiming point by a wide margin and detonated instead over the Urakami valley, a district that happened to contain the largest Christian community in Japan, its great cathedral, schools, and hospitals. The hills around the valley confined the blast somewhat, which spared parts of the city, but where it struck, the destruction was total, the same searing flash and fire and shockwave as at Hiroshima. Around 40,000 people were killed almost instantly. By the end of the year the dead numbered perhaps 80,000, out of a city of around 250,000. Among the many killed were, in a bitter irony, thousands of Japanese Christians at prayer and Allied prisoners of war held in the city. Within days of Nagasaki, and of the Soviet invasion that had begun the day before, Japan surrendered. Nagasaki was the second atomic bombing in history, and it remains, so far, the last. A city that was not the target, hit through a gap in the clouds in the last minutes of a failing mission, and tens of thousands of people who died because the weather over Kokura happened to be bad.

Voices of WW2

89,676 次观看 • 2 个月前