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Instead of digital audio, this robotic mouth physically replicates human speech — using an air pump for lungs, silicone for a tongue, and eight artificial vocal cords to control pitch and tone. 🎥 : Kagawa University

Interesting Engineering

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21,082 views • 4 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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166,700 neurons from a male fruit fly's brain are teaching a pair of silicone lips to talk. A steel frame, a silicone tongue, a row of motors under the jaw and a microphone pointed straight at the mouth, with no speaker anywhere. Air pushes through artificial vocal cords, the motors bend the lips and the microphone catches every sound it makes. If the pitch is off, the motors shift before the next try. Nobody coded the words: it finds each lip shape by trial and error and uses old sounds to guess new ones. Babies learn to talk the same way: babble, listen, fix, repeat. The new part is the brain in the corner of the screen, with 166,700 neurons and 125 million synapses packed into something smaller than a poppy seed. Scientists spent 10 years mapping every wire, and the job took 44 years of human labor. Male fruit flies already sing: they buzz 1 wing to court a female, and she hears the song through her antennae. That song never had a mouth until now. A trained linear readout turns its spikes into words and the mouth does the rest. You needed 86 billion neurons and 12 months to say "mama." The fly needs 166,700 and a microphone.

166,700 neurons from a male fruit fly's brain are teaching a pair of silicone lips to talk. A steel frame, a silicone tongue, a row of motors under the jaw and a microphone pointed straight at the mouth, with no speaker anywhere. Air pushes through artificial vocal cords, the motors bend the lips and the microphone catches every sound it makes. If the pitch is off, the motors shift before the next try. Nobody coded the words: it finds each lip shape by trial and error and uses old sounds to guess new ones. Babies learn to talk the same way: babble, listen, fix, repeat. The new part is the brain in the corner of the screen, with 166,700 neurons and 125 million synapses packed into something smaller than a poppy seed. Scientists spent 10 years mapping every wire, and the job took 44 years of human labor. Male fruit flies already sing: they buzz 1 wing to court a female, and she hears the song through her antennae. That song never had a mouth until now. A trained linear readout turns its spikes into words and the mouth does the rest. You needed 86 billion neurons and 12 months to say "mama." The fly needs 166,700 and a microphone.

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