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Just collecting manipulation data isn’t enough for robots - they need to be able to move around in the world, which has a whole different set of challenges from pure manipulation. And bringing navigation and manipulation together in a single framework is even more challenging. Enter HERMES, from Zhecheng...

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15,045 views • 7 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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Teaching robots to perform dexterous manipulation tasks currently requires teleoperation, which limits demonstration quality, speed, and scalability. Instead, why not use human videos? The problem is that a human hand isn’t a robot hand, so data must be retargeted using simulation to resolve issues like collisions and interpenetration when controlling the hand. In VideoManip, Hongyi Chen and co-authors built a system to solve this problem, taking in RGB videos of humans performing manipulation tasks and using them to create accurate simulations with which to learn robot policies. Watch episode #73 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now to learn more!
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Teaching robots to perform dexterous manipulation tasks currently requires teleoperation, which limits demonstration quality, speed, and scalability. Instead, why not use human videos? The problem is that a human hand isn’t a robot hand, so data must be retargeted using simulation to resolve issues like collisions and interpenetration when controlling the hand. In VideoManip, Hongyi Chen and co-authors built a system to solve this problem, taking in RGB videos of humans performing manipulation tasks and using them to create accurate simulations with which to learn robot policies. Watch episode #73 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now to learn more!

RoboPapers

27,249 views • 2 months ago

For robots to be useful, they must be able to interact with a wide variety of environments; and yet, scaling interaction data is difficult, expensive, and time consuming. Instead, much research revolves around sim-to-real manipulation — but mostly this has not been mobile manipulation. Recently, though, this has begun to change. Two recent papers from Tairan He and Haoru Xue show us how to unlock the potential of this technique, building policies which, without any real data at all, can move objects around in the world and open doors in the real world with a humanoid robot. Watch Episode #60 of RoboPapers now to learn more, hosted by Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan. In this episode, we cover two papers:. First is VIRAL: Visual Sim-to-Real at Scale for Humanoid Loco-Manipulation; and second is DoorMan: Opening the Sim-to-Real Door for Humanoid Pixel-to-Action Policy Transfer.
1:13:32

For robots to be useful, they must be able to interact with a wide variety of environments; and yet, scaling interaction data is difficult, expensive, and time consuming. Instead, much research revolves around sim-to-real manipulation — but mostly this has not been mobile manipulation. Recently, though, this has begun to change. Two recent papers from Tairan He and Haoru Xue show us how to unlock the potential of this technique, building policies which, without any real data at all, can move objects around in the world and open doors in the real world with a humanoid robot. Watch Episode #60 of RoboPapers now to learn more, hosted by Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan. In this episode, we cover two papers:. First is VIRAL: Visual Sim-to-Real at Scale for Humanoid Loco-Manipulation; and second is DoorMan: Opening the Sim-to-Real Door for Humanoid Pixel-to-Action Policy Transfer.

RoboPapers

30,767 views • 5 months ago

Spatial understanding is important to moving around in complex environments and is a huge part of the challenge of generalizing to new scenes. Most world models, however, largely ignore this spatial dimension, focusing on 2D images. Not PointWorld, though. PointWorld is a 3D world model trained from real and simulated data which can perform a wide variety of manipulation tasks on a real robot, including grasping or handling articulated objects, all without any additional fine tuning. Wenlong Huang joins us to tell us more about what makes this work and how it’s different from other world models. Watch Episode #83 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!
1:22:44

Spatial understanding is important to moving around in complex environments and is a huge part of the challenge of generalizing to new scenes. Most world models, however, largely ignore this spatial dimension, focusing on 2D images. Not PointWorld, though. PointWorld is a 3D world model trained from real and simulated data which can perform a wide variety of manipulation tasks on a real robot, including grasping or handling articulated objects, all without any additional fine tuning. Wenlong Huang joins us to tell us more about what makes this work and how it’s different from other world models. Watch Episode #83 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

RoboPapers

16,197 views • 1 month ago

Collecting robot data at scale is key to deploying working manipulation policies, and the team from Tutor Intelligence Tutor is here to tell us about how to accomplish it. Their new announcement: a massive, 100-robot “data factory,” with a behind-the-scenes look at how to build a teleoperation platform and how to make robots and policies that are useful for their customers. Tutor Intelligence is a full-stack robotics company: they build robot arms, they sell robot arms, they write the software and they train neural networks. Josh Gruenstein, Jesse Michel, Shiraz, and Joe McCalmon, and Joe McCalmon join us to tell us more about how they scale both teleop data and human interventions from their teleoperators in order to train the policies they need. Watch Episode #85 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!
1:01:03

Collecting robot data at scale is key to deploying working manipulation policies, and the team from Tutor Intelligence Tutor is here to tell us about how to accomplish it. Their new announcement: a massive, 100-robot “data factory,” with a behind-the-scenes look at how to build a teleoperation platform and how to make robots and policies that are useful for their customers. Tutor Intelligence is a full-stack robotics company: they build robot arms, they sell robot arms, they write the software and they train neural networks. Josh Gruenstein, Jesse Michel, Shiraz, and Joe McCalmon, and Joe McCalmon join us to tell us more about how they scale both teleop data and human interventions from their teleoperators in order to train the policies they need. Watch Episode #85 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

RoboPapers

36,041 views • 25 days ago

Robots need to be able to apply pressure and make contact with objects as needed in order to accomplish their tasks. From compliance to working safely around humans to whole-body manipulation of heavy objects, combining force and position control can dramatically expand the capabilities of robots. This is especially true for legged robots, which have so much ability to exert forces on the world around them. But how do we train robots which can do this? Baoxiong Jia tells us more in our discussion of his team’s recent, Best Paper Award winning work on learning a unified policy for position and force control, called UniFP. To learn more, watch Episode #49 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton.
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Robots need to be able to apply pressure and make contact with objects as needed in order to accomplish their tasks. From compliance to working safely around humans to whole-body manipulation of heavy objects, combining force and position control can dramatically expand the capabilities of robots. This is especially true for legged robots, which have so much ability to exert forces on the world around them. But how do we train robots which can do this? Baoxiong Jia tells us more in our discussion of his team’s recent, Best Paper Award winning work on learning a unified policy for position and force control, called UniFP. To learn more, watch Episode #49 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton.

RoboPapers

44,774 views • 6 months ago

Robots, unfortunately, tend to be expensive. And finding a robot that’s both capable of performing a wide variety of mobile manipulation tasks, and is affordable and “hackable”, is extremely difficult. Many different problems need to be addressed, from arm control to navigation to integrating your data collection strategy into hardware design. This can make it difficult for all but the most well-funded teams to “scale” real-world robotics research. Fortunately, the team behind Build Your Own Robot has a solution. Manan Anjaria, Mahi Shafiullah 🏠🤖,Jeff Cui, and Enes Erciyes joined us to talk about how they build a fully open-source mobile manipulator out of off-the-shelf parts, which has humanlike range of motion, and can perform a wide variety of tasks, all while being only roughly $10,000 to build. Watch Episode 71 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today to learn more!
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Robots, unfortunately, tend to be expensive. And finding a robot that’s both capable of performing a wide variety of mobile manipulation tasks, and is affordable and “hackable”, is extremely difficult. Many different problems need to be addressed, from arm control to navigation to integrating your data collection strategy into hardware design. This can make it difficult for all but the most well-funded teams to “scale” real-world robotics research. Fortunately, the team behind Build Your Own Robot has a solution. Manan Anjaria, Mahi Shafiullah 🏠🤖,Jeff Cui, and Enes Erciyes joined us to talk about how they build a fully open-source mobile manipulator out of off-the-shelf parts, which has humanlike range of motion, and can perform a wide variety of tasks, all while being only roughly $10,000 to build. Watch Episode 71 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today to learn more!

RoboPapers

34,151 views • 2 months ago

Evaluating robot policies is hard. Every lab has a different robot; reproducible evaluations are really challenging. This makes it hard for us to know which methods for learning robot policies are likely to perform the best in real-world scenarios. Taking a page from LLM evaluations like Chatbot Arena, RoboArena aims to address this problem through crowdsourcing evaluations with a network of different evaluators. Watch Episode #34 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , now to learn more from authors Pranav Atreya and Karl Pertsch!
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Evaluating robot policies is hard. Every lab has a different robot; reproducible evaluations are really challenging. This makes it hard for us to know which methods for learning robot policies are likely to perform the best in real-world scenarios. Taking a page from LLM evaluations like Chatbot Arena, RoboArena aims to address this problem through crowdsourcing evaluations with a network of different evaluators. Watch Episode #34 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , now to learn more from authors Pranav Atreya and Karl Pertsch!

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15,056 views • 8 months ago

Benchmarking, evaluating, and developing robotics code is difficult, and part of this is because no simulator really reflects the diversity and scale of real embodiments. Enter MolmoSpaces from AI2: a massive open ecosystem with a range of 230,000 handcrafted and procedurally-generated home environments, including 48,000 manipulable objects. Crucially, MolmoSpaces provides simulation environments which work for both navigation and manipulation. We talked to the team: Yejin Kim, Omar Rayyan, and Max Argus, to tell us more. Watch Episode 69 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Jiafei Duan@CVPR2026, now!
1:11:00

Benchmarking, evaluating, and developing robotics code is difficult, and part of this is because no simulator really reflects the diversity and scale of real embodiments. Enter MolmoSpaces from AI2: a massive open ecosystem with a range of 230,000 handcrafted and procedurally-generated home environments, including 48,000 manipulable objects. Crucially, MolmoSpaces provides simulation environments which work for both navigation and manipulation. We talked to the team: Yejin Kim, Omar Rayyan, and Max Argus, to tell us more. Watch Episode 69 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Jiafei Duan@CVPR2026, now!

RoboPapers

20,934 views • 3 months ago

The holy grail of robotics is to be able to perform previously-unseen, out-of-distribution manipulation tasks “zero shot” in a new environment. NovaFlow proposes an approach which (1) generates a video, (2) computes predicted flow — how points move through the scene — and (3) uses this flow as an objective to generate a motion. Using this procedure, NovaFlow generates motions in unseen scenes, for unseen tasks, and can transfer across embodiments. To learn more, we are joined by Hongyu Li and Jiahui Fu from RAI. Watch Episode #63 of RoboPapers with Chris Paxton and Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc now to learn more!
1:08:49

The holy grail of robotics is to be able to perform previously-unseen, out-of-distribution manipulation tasks “zero shot” in a new environment. NovaFlow proposes an approach which (1) generates a video, (2) computes predicted flow — how points move through the scene — and (3) uses this flow as an objective to generate a motion. Using this procedure, NovaFlow generates motions in unseen scenes, for unseen tasks, and can transfer across embodiments. To learn more, we are joined by Hongyu Li and Jiahui Fu from RAI. Watch Episode #63 of RoboPapers with Chris Paxton and Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc now to learn more!

RoboPapers

21,295 views • 4 months ago

Robots has a data problem, in that robotics data is rare. While human video is quite common, it’s not usually directly usable for robots for a variety of reasons, most significantly that it’s missing explicit, accurate robot actions. Instead, Jeremy Collins proposes that we predict keypoint trajectories — basically, how any given point in an object will move as a robot performs a task. This lets us use action-free human video to train robot skills. Learn more by watching Episode #37 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now.
44:56

Robots has a data problem, in that robotics data is rare. While human video is quite common, it’s not usually directly usable for robots for a variety of reasons, most significantly that it’s missing explicit, accurate robot actions. Instead, Jeremy Collins proposes that we predict keypoint trajectories — basically, how any given point in an object will move as a robot performs a task. This lets us use action-free human video to train robot skills. Learn more by watching Episode #37 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now.

RoboPapers

88,996 views • 8 months ago

It’s long been a dream of roboticists to be able to teach a robot in simulation so as to skip the long and expensive process of collecting large amounts of real-world training data. However, building simulations for robot tasks is extremely hard. Ideally, we could go from real data to a useful simulation. This is exactly what Guangqi Jiang and his co-authors do. they use 3d Gaussian splatting to reconstructed scenes which let them create interactive environments that, when combined with a physcs engine, allow for training robot policies that show zero-shot sim-to-real transfer (i.e., using no real-world demonstrations). To learn more, watch Episode 56 of Robopapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!
46:05

It’s long been a dream of roboticists to be able to teach a robot in simulation so as to skip the long and expensive process of collecting large amounts of real-world training data. However, building simulations for robot tasks is extremely hard. Ideally, we could go from real data to a useful simulation. This is exactly what Guangqi Jiang and his co-authors do. they use 3d Gaussian splatting to reconstructed scenes which let them create interactive environments that, when combined with a physcs engine, allow for training robot policies that show zero-shot sim-to-real transfer (i.e., using no real-world demonstrations). To learn more, watch Episode 56 of Robopapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

RoboPapers

20,434 views • 6 months ago

For robots to be useful, they can’t just dance — they must be able to physically interact with the world around them. Unfortunately, the sorts of motion tracking policies you see performing dancing or martial arts are not really capable of the kind of precise, forceful interaction needed to perform useful interactions with the world. Siheng Zhao and Yanjie Ze join us to talk about ResMimic, their new paper which takes a general-purpose human motion-tracking policy and improves it with a residual policy to reliably interact with objects To learn more, watch Episode #47 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today!
48:40

For robots to be useful, they can’t just dance — they must be able to physically interact with the world around them. Unfortunately, the sorts of motion tracking policies you see performing dancing or martial arts are not really capable of the kind of precise, forceful interaction needed to perform useful interactions with the world. Siheng Zhao and Yanjie Ze join us to talk about ResMimic, their new paper which takes a general-purpose human motion-tracking policy and improves it with a residual policy to reliably interact with objects To learn more, watch Episode #47 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today!

RoboPapers

11,399 views • 6 months ago

Collecting dexterous humanoid robot data is difficult to scale. That's why Mengda Xu and Han Zhang built DexUMI: a tool for demonstrating how to control a dexterous robot hand, which allows you to quickly collect task data. Co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton
58:42

Collecting dexterous humanoid robot data is difficult to scale. That's why Mengda Xu and Han Zhang built DexUMI: a tool for demonstrating how to control a dexterous robot hand, which allows you to quickly collect task data. Co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton

RoboPapers

26,344 views • 10 months ago

In order for robots to be deployed in the real world, performing tasks of real value, they must be reliable. Unfortunately, even more, most robotic demos work maybe 70-80% of the time at best. The way to get better reliability is to do real-world reinforcement learning: having the robot teach itself how to perform the task up to a high level of success. The key to doing this is to start with a core of expert human data, use that to train a policy then iteratively improve it, until finally finishing with on-policy reinforcement learning. Kun Lei talks through a unified framework for imitation and reinforcement learning based on PPO, which enables this improvement process. In this episode, Kun Lei explains the theory behind his reinforcement learning method and how it allowed his robot to run in a shopping mall juicing oranges for seven hours at a time, among experiments on a wide variety of tasks and embodiments. Watch episode 58 of RoboPapers now, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!
1:11:51

In order for robots to be deployed in the real world, performing tasks of real value, they must be reliable. Unfortunately, even more, most robotic demos work maybe 70-80% of the time at best. The way to get better reliability is to do real-world reinforcement learning: having the robot teach itself how to perform the task up to a high level of success. The key to doing this is to start with a core of expert human data, use that to train a policy then iteratively improve it, until finally finishing with on-policy reinforcement learning. Kun Lei talks through a unified framework for imitation and reinforcement learning based on PPO, which enables this improvement process. In this episode, Kun Lei explains the theory behind his reinforcement learning method and how it allowed his robot to run in a shopping mall juicing oranges for seven hours at a time, among experiments on a wide variety of tasks and embodiments. Watch episode 58 of RoboPapers now, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

RoboPapers

18,813 views • 5 months ago

We’ve all seen videos of humanoid robots performing single tasks that are very impressive, like dancing or karate. But training humanoid robots to perform a wide range of complex motions is difficult. GMT is a general-purpose policy which can learn a wide range of robot motions. Watch Episode #32 of RoboPapers, with Zixuan Chen , co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , to learn more.
1:03:17

We’ve all seen videos of humanoid robots performing single tasks that are very impressive, like dancing or karate. But training humanoid robots to perform a wide range of complex motions is difficult. GMT is a general-purpose policy which can learn a wide range of robot motions. Watch Episode #32 of RoboPapers, with Zixuan Chen , co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , to learn more.

RoboPapers

16,605 views • 9 months ago

Training robot foundation models faces two key hurdles: how to get enough data to train an effective model, and how to make sure that new skills can be acquired quickly. The team at Rhoda AI believes that the answer is training Direct Video Action models from web data. Web data is plentiful, to the point where Rhoda can train their base model on hundreds of years of video data. And then, with the addition of robot data, they can quickly adapt it to new tasks with as little as 20 hours of in-domain data, performing complex, multi-step manipulation tasks with their purpose-built video foundation model. Tongzhou Mu 🤖🦾🦿 Eric Chan and Changan Chen joined us to talk more about their approach. Watch Episode #79 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc, Chris Paxton, and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!
1:09:10

Training robot foundation models faces two key hurdles: how to get enough data to train an effective model, and how to make sure that new skills can be acquired quickly. The team at Rhoda AI believes that the answer is training Direct Video Action models from web data. Web data is plentiful, to the point where Rhoda can train their base model on hundreds of years of video data. And then, with the addition of robot data, they can quickly adapt it to new tasks with as little as 20 hours of in-domain data, performing complex, multi-step manipulation tasks with their purpose-built video foundation model. Tongzhou Mu 🤖🦾🦿 Eric Chan and Changan Chen joined us to talk more about their approach. Watch Episode #79 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc, Chris Paxton, and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

RoboPapers

24,352 views • 1 month ago

How can we build robotic hands with truly superhuman dexterity? Daxo Robotics is developing a unique tendon-driven soft robot hand, which aims to be tougher and more capable than a traditional humanoid hand. Each finger consists of many different tendons, which act in concert to move or manipulate. This is a special episode of RoboPapers where, instead of talking about a scientific paper, we talk to Tom Zhang, founder of Daxo Robotics, in order to learn both about his background and about how this one-of-a-kind robot hand design works. Watch Episode #40 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!
1:01:15

How can we build robotic hands with truly superhuman dexterity? Daxo Robotics is developing a unique tendon-driven soft robot hand, which aims to be tougher and more capable than a traditional humanoid hand. Each finger consists of many different tendons, which act in concert to move or manipulate. This is a special episode of RoboPapers where, instead of talking about a scientific paper, we talk to Tom Zhang, founder of Daxo Robotics, in order to learn both about his background and about how this one-of-a-kind robot hand design works. Watch Episode #40 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

RoboPapers

15,965 views • 7 months ago

How can we build a general-purpose “foundation model” for robot motion? Zhengyi “Zen” Luo joins us to talk about SONIC, which uses motion tracking as a foundational task for humanoid robot control, and scales humanoid control training to 9k GPU hours and 100 million frames worth of data. The result: a model with a generally-useful embedding space that can be controlled by a VLA, or from human video, to perform a wide variety of humanoid whole-body-control tasks, including with zero-shot transfer to previously unseen motions. Watch episode 72 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Jiafei Duan, now!
59:44

How can we build a general-purpose “foundation model” for robot motion? Zhengyi “Zen” Luo joins us to talk about SONIC, which uses motion tracking as a foundational task for humanoid robot control, and scales humanoid control training to 9k GPU hours and 100 million frames worth of data. The result: a model with a generally-useful embedding space that can be controlled by a VLA, or from human video, to perform a wide variety of humanoid whole-body-control tasks, including with zero-shot transfer to previously unseen motions. Watch episode 72 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Jiafei Duan, now!

RoboPapers

24,802 views • 2 months ago

Robotics fundamentally involves understanding the dynamics of how things change in the world in response to action and force. This is impossible to learn from static images; instead, it’s far more effective and more data-efficient to learn from video. Elvis Nava joins us to talk about Mimic Robotic. One of the key findings from mimic-video is that pretraining on webscale video allows robots to learn physics priors; as a result, policies train faster, generalize better, and are capable of more impressive dexterity, versus training on static images or image-language pairs as per a VLM. Watch Episode #81 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton to learn more!
1:08:43

Robotics fundamentally involves understanding the dynamics of how things change in the world in response to action and force. This is impossible to learn from static images; instead, it’s far more effective and more data-efficient to learn from video. Elvis Nava joins us to talk about Mimic Robotic. One of the key findings from mimic-video is that pretraining on webscale video allows robots to learn physics priors; as a result, policies train faster, generalize better, and are capable of more impressive dexterity, versus training on static images or image-language pairs as per a VLM. Watch Episode #81 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton to learn more!

RoboPapers

46,190 views • 1 month ago

Teaching robots from human video is an important part of overcoming the “data gap” in robotics, but many of the details still need to be worked out. Homanga Bharadhwaj tells us about two recent research papers, Gen2Act and Spider, which go over different aspects of the problem: Gen2Act uses generative video models to create a reference of how a task should be performed given a language prompt; then, it uses a multi-purpose policy that can “translate” from human video to robot motion. However, Gen2Act has its limitations, in particular when it comes to dexterous, contact-rich tasks. That’s where SPIDER comes in: it uses human data together with simulation to train policies across many different humanoid hands and datasets. Also of note is that this is our first episode with our new rotating co-host, Jiafei Duan. To learn more, watch Episode #57 of RoboPapers now, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan!
51:04

Teaching robots from human video is an important part of overcoming the “data gap” in robotics, but many of the details still need to be worked out. Homanga Bharadhwaj tells us about two recent research papers, Gen2Act and Spider, which go over different aspects of the problem: Gen2Act uses generative video models to create a reference of how a task should be performed given a language prompt; then, it uses a multi-purpose policy that can “translate” from human video to robot motion. However, Gen2Act has its limitations, in particular when it comes to dexterous, contact-rich tasks. That’s where SPIDER comes in: it uses human data together with simulation to train policies across many different humanoid hands and datasets. Also of note is that this is our first episode with our new rotating co-host, Jiafei Duan. To learn more, watch Episode #57 of RoboPapers now, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan!

RoboPapers

24,286 views • 5 months ago