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Kissan Hazelnut Peanut Spread doesn't have Hazelnuts at all. 💀

23,660 görüntüleme • 9 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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Fans of a flavoured coffee or sweet treat may not know that most of the world's hazelnuts come from one seaside mountain range in Türkiye 🇹🇷, where women have been producing them for centuries... Located on the slopes of the Pontic mountain range overlooking the Black Sea in north-eastern Türkiye, the ancient city of Giresun is known for its stunning coastal views and dramatic jagged mountains. But more than anything, it's known for its hazelnuts. More than 72% of the world's hazelnuts come from Turkey, and about 60% come from the Eastern Black Sea region where Giresun is located. Tradition of hazelnut farming goes back thousands of years here. There are accounts dating back to 1500 BC of hazelnuts being cultivated in the Black Sea region (historically Lazistan). Herodotus, even waxed about Turkey's hazelnut bounty in the 5th Century BC. Since 1400s, hazelnuts from Giresun and the surrounding eastern Black Sea region have been imported to Europe and beyond. Turkish historian Evliya Çelebi described hazelnut orchards in 1650s, during the Ottoman Empire. In Giresun, hazelnuts have historically been grown by women, and today women are also beginning to take over the production and sale of hazelnut goods as well, such as an array of chocolate products. In the past, the nuts were often exported overseas, only to be sold back to Türkiye in the form of things like chocolate bars and spreads. However, businesses like Home of the Hazelnut, run by three sisters whose family has deep roots in the local hazelnut industry, are starting to change that. Hazelnut regions are divided in an older eastern part which spans from Ordu to Artvin and a new hazelnut region in the western part of the Black Sea between Samsun and Kocaeli. Most hazelnuts are grown in the provinces of Ordu, Samsun, Artvin and Giresun while in Sakarya and Düzce hazelnut production is very efficient. Several traditional cultivars of hazel tree account for the bulk of the harvest, such as Tombul, Çakıldak, Foşa and Sivri, but since 2012 an ambitious breeding program led to cultivars with a faster ripening process. Harvesting and drying is usually in August. Average farm size is about 3 hectares and often steeply sloping: this size is said to be due to division on inhertitance and too small. Hazelnut plantations are widespread and approximately 400,000 families are in possession of an orchard. After criticism that children have been employed harvesting hazelnuts, Ferrero, one of the main clients of the hazelnut industry and the producer of Nutella, started a Farming Values Programme in 2012. Balsu and Olam International, two other major enterprises involved in industry, have also begun to tackle child labor in co-operation with Nestlé and Turkish Government. Hazelnut production in Turkey rose steadily after 1964, when a law on a Guarantee of Purchase was introduced, after which a large part of the peasants in the Black Sea region became hazelnut cultivators. Thereafter, Turkey became the most important producer of hazelnuts and exports to more than a 100 countries. Over half the production cost is labour, and largest cost is for harvesting. The largest environmental impact is from synthetic fertiliser use and it has been suggested that the yield should be studied for different soils and fertiliser use varied accordingly. It has also been suggested that farmers should be supported in the 3 year transition to organic farming. As of 2023 there is not much organic farming, due to the difficulties of getting enough nitrogen into the soil and controlling some pests, especially nut weevil. 🎥© Sarahh #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

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