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Lambda is first to adopt NVIDIA Quantum-X InfiniBand Photonics Q3450-LD switches, bringing co-packaged optics to large-scale AI clusters to reduce network power overhead, lower failure points, and deliver more tokens per watt. Read more:

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18,007 views • 2 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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First look at $NVDA photonics co-packaged optics switch with Lambda. As GB300 NVL72 scales, networking becomes the layer that determines how fast the cluster thinks while co-packaged optics cut power and improve tokens per watt.

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Yesterday everyone sold optics because "CPO is delayed to 2027." Today I'm looking at this video of an $NVDA CPO switch running in production at Lambda, wired into GB300 clusters. Both headlines are true. CPO at the SWITCH is shipping now, 144 ports of 800G, liquid cooled, roughly 70% less power per port than pluggable optics. CPO at the GPU, the version that kills the module makers, that's the 2027-28 story, and it always was. Why does the switch get light first? Because the back end fabric is 86% of networking power in these clusters. At GB300 scale the network isn't plumbing anymore, it's part of the compute. Every watt you don't burn moving bits is a watt that generates tokens. Tokens per watt is the metric now. And the detail nobody will talk about again is even inside NVIDIA's most advanced CPO switch, the lasers sit OUTSIDE the package. 18 swappable lightsource modules. Field serviceable, because lasers fail. Pluggable, near package, copackaged, doesn't matter. Every road still runs through the laser makers…

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$MU $SNDK $LITE $VRT NVIDIA and Groq: 2nd and 3rd Order Strategic Infrastructure Effects and Market Implications Public reporting indicates NVIDIA has agreed to acquire Groq for approximately $20,000,000,000 in cash, while excluding Groq’s nascent cloud business from the transaction perimeter. The reported carve-out materially constrains the immediate, direct linkage from the acquisition to incremental, NVIDIA-controlled data center capacity build-out because GroqCloud appears to be the principal channel through which Groq hardware is currently monetized at scale as a service. The infrastructure-market implications therefore depend primarily on post-close product strategy: whether NVIDIA (1) commercializes Groq silicon as a distinct inference product line and drives broad deployment through OEM/ODM channels and partners, (2) uses the acquisition mainly to absorb IP and talent while de-emphasizing standalone Groq hardware volumes, or (3) uses Groq technology to reshape NVIDIA’s own inference systems and networking roadmaps. The dominant transmission mechanism into memory, networking, and facility infrastructure markets is the degree to which NVIDIA shifts incremental inference deployments away from GPU architectures that are tightly coupled to external high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and toward Groq’s current architecture, which emphasizes large on-chip SRAM, deterministic compiler-scheduled execution, and direct chip-to-chip connectivity. Independent and company-published materials describe Groq’s current-generation approach as having no external memory, keeping weights and KV cache on-chip during processing, and requiring model sharding across multiple chips due to limited on-chip SRAM per device. That architectural choice is directionally HBM-negative on a per-accelerator basis and ambiguous for DRAM, NAND, networking, power, and cooling on a per-token basis because the design can reduce memory wall losses and tail-latency overhead while potentially increasing the number of chips and interconnect endpoints required to serve large models and long-context workloads. HBM implications are the most mechanically straightforward but should be framed as second-derivative rather than absolute. If Groq-class inference silicon meaningfully displaces NVIDIA GPU-based inference deployments, incremental HBM bit demand tied to inference growth could be reduced relative to a GPU-only baseline because Groq’s current approach does not appear to attach HBM stacks to each accelerator. However, current market structure suggests HBM remains supply-constrained and is being pulled by multiple vectors including continued GPU training scale and high-capacity inference configurations, with leading suppliers signaling tight conditions extending beyond 2026. In that environment, reduced inference-driven HBM intensity could primarily reallocate scarce HBM supply toward higher-end training and premium inference GPUs rather than creating an outright volume collapse, preserving high utilization of HBM capacity while potentially affecting the slope of pricing power and capacity expansion urgency over a multi-year horizon. The key downside scenario for the HBM complex would be a durable architectural bifurcation where “good-enough” inference shifts disproportionately to HBM-less ASICs across a broad swath of deployments (latency-sensitive, batch-1, cost-per-token optimized), while training remains GPU-HBM dominated; such a split would reduce the portion of future inference compute that naturally monetizes through HBM content and could compress the incremental HBM-per-AI-dollar ratio. The key upside/neutral scenario for HBM is that the supply chain remains fully allocated regardless, with NVIDIA using any “freed” HBM to ship more high-end GPUs into training and long-context inference, especially as roadmaps increase HBM per GPU, sustaining robust aggregate bit demand even if inference becomes more heterogeneous. Conventional DRAM implications split into 2 channels: (1) DRAM wafer capacity diversion into HBM and (2) DDR content per server in AI clusters. Supplier commentary indicates that AI-driven memory demand is supporting elevated DRAM markets more broadly, and HBM production is resource-intensive versus conventional DRAM, tightening supply for DDR products in parallel. A meaningful NVIDIA pivot to an inference architecture that reduces HBM dependence could, at the margin, ease the most acute HBM-driven bottlenecks and allow memory manufacturers more flexibility in balancing DRAM mix, which could be modestly DDR-positive on the supply side (less crowding-out) even if it is DDR-neutral or slightly negative on the demand side (if per-node CPU/DDR requirements decline due to more efficient accelerator utilization). The dominant practical outcome is likely that DDR demand remains supported by broad AI server proliferation and increasing memory footprints at the system level (CPUs, networking stacks, caching layers, retrieval-augmented pipelines), while HBM remains the premium profit pool; therefore, any HBM displacement that increases total server volumes could indirectly keep DDR demand resilient even if DDR per accelerator is not rising materially. NAND flash implications are comparatively indirect and volume-driven rather than architecture-driven. Inference clusters require SSD capacity for model storage, container images, logging, and increasingly for fast local retrieval indices and embedding stores, but the storage footprint per unit of compute is typically smaller than in training pipelines that stage large datasets and checkpoints. If NVIDIA uses Groq to lower inference cost and latency enough to expand the total number of inference deployment locations (regional colocation, enterprise on-prem, sovereign footprints), aggregate SSD attach could rise through geographic fragmentation and replication of model artifacts across more sites, even if per-site storage is modest. The NAND effect is therefore likely to be demand-broadening and mix-positive (datacenter SSDs) but not a primary swing factor versus the macro AI capex cycle and consumer/device cycles. Hard disk drive (HDD) markets should see negligible direct sensitivity because nearline HDD demand is driven by bulk storage and cloud archiving economics, while inference acceleration choices primarily reshape compute and network layers; any HDD benefit would be a tertiary function of overall data center square footage expansion rather than a direct consequence of Groq silicon displacing GPUs. Optical networking implications require separating (1) intra-cluster back-end fabrics that connect accelerators and (2) front-end / data center interconnect (DCI) that connects sites and regions. Groq’s own positioning and third-party reporting suggest scaling beyond a single node or rack relies on high-bandwidth fabrics and, in some described configurations, optical interconnect scaling across hundreds of chips. If NVIDIA commercializes Groq at scale, 2 offsetting forces emerge: lower cost-per-token and improved latency could expand inference throughput and drive more east-west traffic, increasing demand for high-speed switching and optics; conversely, if Groq delivers materially higher utilization and tokens per unit of network bandwidth for certain workloads, the network required per served token could decline. Public NVIDIA materials already indicate an aggressive photonics roadmap aimed at scaling AI factories, including co-packaged optics (CPO) switches and explicit collaboration with Coherent and Lumentum in the silicon photonics supply chain. That linkage is important because it suggests that, independent of Groq, NVIDIA is already pushing optics integration deeper into the switch package to reduce power and increase resiliency; Groq increases the strategic incentive to reduce network power and latency if inference becomes even more distributed and latency-sensitive. For Lumentum and Coherent specifically, the net implication is less about “more optics versus fewer optics” and more about a shift in optics form factor and value capture. Co-packaged optics can reduce reliance on pluggable transceivers in some switch architectures while increasing demand for integrated photonic engines, lasers, fiber attach, packaging processes, and component-level supply. NVIDIA’s own announcements explicitly position Coherent and Lumentum as collaborators in creating the integrated silicon/optics process and supply chain for photonics switches. If Groq accelerates the transition to very large-scale fabrics (more endpoints, higher port speeds, tighter power envelopes), that tends to pull forward CPO adoption and amplifies demand for the underlying photonics components even if the conventional pluggable module TAM is structurally pressured over time. If Groq instead pushes inference toward smaller, more localized pods (closer to users, more regional colocation), that can be optics-positive for DCI and metro connectivity because more sites must be interconnected at high bandwidth with low latency, favoring coherent optics and high-speed interconnect between facilities. The principal risk for optics suppliers is timing and margin structure: a faster move to NVIDIA-driven integrated photonics could concentrate bargaining power and compress margins for commoditized transceiver modules while favoring suppliers with differentiated lasers, integration capability, and qualification depth in NVIDIA’s CPO ecosystem. AEC and copper interconnect implications hinge on whether Groq deployment increases the density of short-reach links inside racks and rows. High-speed copper remains structurally advantaged at very short distances on cost, power, and serviceability, but reaches become constrained as lane speeds and aggregate bandwidth rise, creating a role for active electrical cables (AECs), retimers, and signal-conditioning silicon. Credo explicitly positions its AEC products as enabling reliable lossless 800G connectivity for AI clusters, and the company has highlighted participation at NVIDIA GTC with content focused on extending PCIe/CXL using AECs, indicating relevance to next-generation system topologies that require longer reach and higher signal integrity than passive copper can deliver. If NVIDIA turns Groq into a widely deployed inference card or chassis product, the likely near-term effect is AEC-positive because (1) more inference throughput tends to increase top-of-rack connectivity requirements, (2) distributing inference across more racks and sites increases short-reach links per unit of delivered service, and (3) PCIe-attached accelerator architectures tend to require robust signal conditioning as systems move to PCIe 6.x and beyond. Groq workshop materials explicitly reference GroqCard and GroqNode form factors, reinforcing that PCIe-attached deployment has been central to Groq’s current packaging strategy. The main countervailing risk is that Groq’s deterministic chip-to-chip fabric could be implemented primarily through backplanes and direct board-level connectivity that reduces the need for merchant AECs inside the box; in that case, incremental AEC demand would concentrate more in rack-to-switch and node-to-fabric links rather than within-chassis chip fabrics. Astera Labs implications are connectivity-architecture sensitive and, on balance, skew positive if NVIDIA increases heterogeneity and disaggregation in AI systems. NVIDIA has publicly positioned NVLink Fusion as a pathway for partners to build semi-custom AI infrastructure and has explicitly identified Astera Labs as a partner in that ecosystem, with Astera describing NVLink-related solutions expanding its connectivity platform across PCIe, CXL, and Ethernet plus fleet observability software. A Groq acquisition increases the probability that NVIDIA offers a broader menu of accelerators (training GPUs, inference-focused ASICs) and therefore increases the importance of scalable, high-reliability connectivity, retiming, switching, and telemetry across mixed topologies. If Groq silicon remains PCIe-attached in many deployments, PCIe 6.x retimers/switches and active cable modules become more central, aligning with Astera’s core portfolio. If NVIDIA instead integrates Groq concepts into scale-up fabrics (NVLink-like domains) or uses Groq to expand into inference “appliances” that must be rapidly deployed in colocation environments, the need for standard-compliant, serviceable connectivity with strong RAS/telemetry increases, again aligning with Astera’s positioning. Power equipment and cooling implications for Vertiv and adjacent suppliers should be viewed through the lens of rack power density, cooling modality (air vs liquid), and site deployment model (hyperscale campuses vs distributed colocation/enterprise). Groq claims its LPU and rack designs are “air-cooled by design” and require no complex cooling and power infrastructure, and third-party reporting has described Groq’s approach as relying on parallelism across many lower-power units rather than extreme per-chip performance. If NVIDIA scales Groq as a mainstream inference platform, the mix of data center cooling spend could shift modestly away from the highest-density liquid-cooled racks toward more air-cooled or hybrid deployments, particularly for inference pods placed in existing facilities that cannot easily retrofit for very high rack heat flux. That would be a mix headwind for suppliers most levered exclusively to high-end liquid cooling attachments per rack, but it is not necessarily a volume headwind for Vertiv given the company’s broad exposure to both power and cooling infrastructure and the likelihood that total AI deployment locations expand. Vertiv’s own industry commentary emphasizes that AI racks require higher power-density UPS, batteries, power distribution equipment, and switchgear capable of handling rapid load transients, and that hybrid cooling systems will evolve across deployment environments. Those statements align with a world where inference growth increases the count of powered racks and raises the operational complexity of power delivery even if per-rack density is lower than the most extreme training clusters. The most material infrastructure impact may occur outside the rack and upstream of the data hall: grid interconnects, substations, transformers, switchgear, generators, and utility-scale generation additions. Recent regulatory actions in the U.S. highlight that projected data center demand is already driving large planned increases in electricity generation capacity, underscoring that power availability is a binding constraint. In that context, an inference architecture that lowers joules per token could reduce the power required per unit of inference delivered, but it can also accelerate demand by lowering cost and improving latency, increasing the total volume of inference served (a classic rebound effect). The net outcome is likely continued, elevated demand for power infrastructure even if efficiency improves, with the key swing factor being whether AI capex remains on a multi-year growth trajectory or enters a digestion phase. Other data center infrastructure implications include server/ODM mix, facility design standardization, and networking architecture choices. If NVIDIA positions Groq-based inference as a broadly distributable “standard server + accelerator” solution rather than as an integrated, liquid-cooled rack like GB200 NVL72, spend could shift toward more conventional air-cooled server designs, higher unit volumes of mainstream racks, and faster deployment in colocation footprints, increasing demand for modular power rooms, busways, and rapidly deployable cooling solutions. If NVIDIA instead integrates Groq into its “AI factory” paradigm, the primary effect is likely acceleration of dense back-end fabric build-outs and a faster push toward photonics switching, increasing demand for fiber plant, connectors, and integrated optics supply chains while potentially compressing the lifecycle of transitional architectures based on pluggable optics and mid-reach copper. NVIDIA’s stated roadmap toward co-packaged optics and silicon photonics switches is already oriented toward scaling to very large GPU counts; adding a high-end inference ASIC increases the strategic importance of power-efficient, low-latency fabrics because inference economics become increasingly sensitive to network overhead as compute cost declines. Across the covered segments, the most defensible base case is limited near-term dislocation and a medium-term increase in uncertainty around memory intensity per unit of inference growth. HBM faces the clearest relative risk from an HBM-less inference platform, but supply tightness and GPU training roadmaps reduce the probability of an absolute demand shock over the next 12–24 months. Optical, AEC/copper, and power/cooling are more likely to remain volume-supported because they scale with endpoint count, deployment fragmentation, and total data center footprint, and those tend to rise when inference becomes cheaper and more widely deployed. The highest-conviction second-order effect is a shift in infrastructure mix: incrementally more distributed inference deployments (favoring colocation power/cooling standardization, DCI optics, and serviceable short-reach interconnect) and a gradual migration from pluggable optics toward integrated photonics in back-end fabrics (favoring suppliers positioned in the CPO ecosystem).

$MU $SNDK $LITE $VRT NVIDIA and Groq: 2nd and 3rd Order Strategic Infrastructure Effects and Market Implications Public reporting indicates NVIDIA has agreed to acquire Groq for approximately $20,000,000,000 in cash, while excluding Groq’s nascent cloud business from the transaction perimeter. The reported carve-out materially constrains the immediate, direct linkage from the acquisition to incremental, NVIDIA-controlled data center capacity build-out because GroqCloud appears to be the principal channel through which Groq hardware is currently monetized at scale as a service. The infrastructure-market implications therefore depend primarily on post-close product strategy: whether NVIDIA (1) commercializes Groq silicon as a distinct inference product line and drives broad deployment through OEM/ODM channels and partners, (2) uses the acquisition mainly to absorb IP and talent while de-emphasizing standalone Groq hardware volumes, or (3) uses Groq technology to reshape NVIDIA’s own inference systems and networking roadmaps. The dominant transmission mechanism into memory, networking, and facility infrastructure markets is the degree to which NVIDIA shifts incremental inference deployments away from GPU architectures that are tightly coupled to external high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and toward Groq’s current architecture, which emphasizes large on-chip SRAM, deterministic compiler-scheduled execution, and direct chip-to-chip connectivity. Independent and company-published materials describe Groq’s current-generation approach as having no external memory, keeping weights and KV cache on-chip during processing, and requiring model sharding across multiple chips due to limited on-chip SRAM per device. That architectural choice is directionally HBM-negative on a per-accelerator basis and ambiguous for DRAM, NAND, networking, power, and cooling on a per-token basis because the design can reduce memory wall losses and tail-latency overhead while potentially increasing the number of chips and interconnect endpoints required to serve large models and long-context workloads. HBM implications are the most mechanically straightforward but should be framed as second-derivative rather than absolute. If Groq-class inference silicon meaningfully displaces NVIDIA GPU-based inference deployments, incremental HBM bit demand tied to inference growth could be reduced relative to a GPU-only baseline because Groq’s current approach does not appear to attach HBM stacks to each accelerator. However, current market structure suggests HBM remains supply-constrained and is being pulled by multiple vectors including continued GPU training scale and high-capacity inference configurations, with leading suppliers signaling tight conditions extending beyond 2026. In that environment, reduced inference-driven HBM intensity could primarily reallocate scarce HBM supply toward higher-end training and premium inference GPUs rather than creating an outright volume collapse, preserving high utilization of HBM capacity while potentially affecting the slope of pricing power and capacity expansion urgency over a multi-year horizon. The key downside scenario for the HBM complex would be a durable architectural bifurcation where “good-enough” inference shifts disproportionately to HBM-less ASICs across a broad swath of deployments (latency-sensitive, batch-1, cost-per-token optimized), while training remains GPU-HBM dominated; such a split would reduce the portion of future inference compute that naturally monetizes through HBM content and could compress the incremental HBM-per-AI-dollar ratio. The key upside/neutral scenario for HBM is that the supply chain remains fully allocated regardless, with NVIDIA using any “freed” HBM to ship more high-end GPUs into training and long-context inference, especially as roadmaps increase HBM per GPU, sustaining robust aggregate bit demand even if inference becomes more heterogeneous. Conventional DRAM implications split into 2 channels: (1) DRAM wafer capacity diversion into HBM and (2) DDR content per server in AI clusters. Supplier commentary indicates that AI-driven memory demand is supporting elevated DRAM markets more broadly, and HBM production is resource-intensive versus conventional DRAM, tightening supply for DDR products in parallel. A meaningful NVIDIA pivot to an inference architecture that reduces HBM dependence could, at the margin, ease the most acute HBM-driven bottlenecks and allow memory manufacturers more flexibility in balancing DRAM mix, which could be modestly DDR-positive on the supply side (less crowding-out) even if it is DDR-neutral or slightly negative on the demand side (if per-node CPU/DDR requirements decline due to more efficient accelerator utilization). The dominant practical outcome is likely that DDR demand remains supported by broad AI server proliferation and increasing memory footprints at the system level (CPUs, networking stacks, caching layers, retrieval-augmented pipelines), while HBM remains the premium profit pool; therefore, any HBM displacement that increases total server volumes could indirectly keep DDR demand resilient even if DDR per accelerator is not rising materially. NAND flash implications are comparatively indirect and volume-driven rather than architecture-driven. Inference clusters require SSD capacity for model storage, container images, logging, and increasingly for fast local retrieval indices and embedding stores, but the storage footprint per unit of compute is typically smaller than in training pipelines that stage large datasets and checkpoints. If NVIDIA uses Groq to lower inference cost and latency enough to expand the total number of inference deployment locations (regional colocation, enterprise on-prem, sovereign footprints), aggregate SSD attach could rise through geographic fragmentation and replication of model artifacts across more sites, even if per-site storage is modest. The NAND effect is therefore likely to be demand-broadening and mix-positive (datacenter SSDs) but not a primary swing factor versus the macro AI capex cycle and consumer/device cycles. Hard disk drive (HDD) markets should see negligible direct sensitivity because nearline HDD demand is driven by bulk storage and cloud archiving economics, while inference acceleration choices primarily reshape compute and network layers; any HDD benefit would be a tertiary function of overall data center square footage expansion rather than a direct consequence of Groq silicon displacing GPUs. Optical networking implications require separating (1) intra-cluster back-end fabrics that connect accelerators and (2) front-end / data center interconnect (DCI) that connects sites and regions. Groq’s own positioning and third-party reporting suggest scaling beyond a single node or rack relies on high-bandwidth fabrics and, in some described configurations, optical interconnect scaling across hundreds of chips. If NVIDIA commercializes Groq at scale, 2 offsetting forces emerge: lower cost-per-token and improved latency could expand inference throughput and drive more east-west traffic, increasing demand for high-speed switching and optics; conversely, if Groq delivers materially higher utilization and tokens per unit of network bandwidth for certain workloads, the network required per served token could decline. Public NVIDIA materials already indicate an aggressive photonics roadmap aimed at scaling AI factories, including co-packaged optics (CPO) switches and explicit collaboration with Coherent and Lumentum in the silicon photonics supply chain. That linkage is important because it suggests that, independent of Groq, NVIDIA is already pushing optics integration deeper into the switch package to reduce power and increase resiliency; Groq increases the strategic incentive to reduce network power and latency if inference becomes even more distributed and latency-sensitive. For Lumentum and Coherent specifically, the net implication is less about “more optics versus fewer optics” and more about a shift in optics form factor and value capture. Co-packaged optics can reduce reliance on pluggable transceivers in some switch architectures while increasing demand for integrated photonic engines, lasers, fiber attach, packaging processes, and component-level supply. NVIDIA’s own announcements explicitly position Coherent and Lumentum as collaborators in creating the integrated silicon/optics process and supply chain for photonics switches. If Groq accelerates the transition to very large-scale fabrics (more endpoints, higher port speeds, tighter power envelopes), that tends to pull forward CPO adoption and amplifies demand for the underlying photonics components even if the conventional pluggable module TAM is structurally pressured over time. If Groq instead pushes inference toward smaller, more localized pods (closer to users, more regional colocation), that can be optics-positive for DCI and metro connectivity because more sites must be interconnected at high bandwidth with low latency, favoring coherent optics and high-speed interconnect between facilities. The principal risk for optics suppliers is timing and margin structure: a faster move to NVIDIA-driven integrated photonics could concentrate bargaining power and compress margins for commoditized transceiver modules while favoring suppliers with differentiated lasers, integration capability, and qualification depth in NVIDIA’s CPO ecosystem. AEC and copper interconnect implications hinge on whether Groq deployment increases the density of short-reach links inside racks and rows. High-speed copper remains structurally advantaged at very short distances on cost, power, and serviceability, but reaches become constrained as lane speeds and aggregate bandwidth rise, creating a role for active electrical cables (AECs), retimers, and signal-conditioning silicon. Credo explicitly positions its AEC products as enabling reliable lossless 800G connectivity for AI clusters, and the company has highlighted participation at NVIDIA GTC with content focused on extending PCIe/CXL using AECs, indicating relevance to next-generation system topologies that require longer reach and higher signal integrity than passive copper can deliver. If NVIDIA turns Groq into a widely deployed inference card or chassis product, the likely near-term effect is AEC-positive because (1) more inference throughput tends to increase top-of-rack connectivity requirements, (2) distributing inference across more racks and sites increases short-reach links per unit of delivered service, and (3) PCIe-attached accelerator architectures tend to require robust signal conditioning as systems move to PCIe 6.x and beyond. Groq workshop materials explicitly reference GroqCard and GroqNode form factors, reinforcing that PCIe-attached deployment has been central to Groq’s current packaging strategy. The main countervailing risk is that Groq’s deterministic chip-to-chip fabric could be implemented primarily through backplanes and direct board-level connectivity that reduces the need for merchant AECs inside the box; in that case, incremental AEC demand would concentrate more in rack-to-switch and node-to-fabric links rather than within-chassis chip fabrics. Astera Labs implications are connectivity-architecture sensitive and, on balance, skew positive if NVIDIA increases heterogeneity and disaggregation in AI systems. NVIDIA has publicly positioned NVLink Fusion as a pathway for partners to build semi-custom AI infrastructure and has explicitly identified Astera Labs as a partner in that ecosystem, with Astera describing NVLink-related solutions expanding its connectivity platform across PCIe, CXL, and Ethernet plus fleet observability software. A Groq acquisition increases the probability that NVIDIA offers a broader menu of accelerators (training GPUs, inference-focused ASICs) and therefore increases the importance of scalable, high-reliability connectivity, retiming, switching, and telemetry across mixed topologies. If Groq silicon remains PCIe-attached in many deployments, PCIe 6.x retimers/switches and active cable modules become more central, aligning with Astera’s core portfolio. If NVIDIA instead integrates Groq concepts into scale-up fabrics (NVLink-like domains) or uses Groq to expand into inference “appliances” that must be rapidly deployed in colocation environments, the need for standard-compliant, serviceable connectivity with strong RAS/telemetry increases, again aligning with Astera’s positioning. Power equipment and cooling implications for Vertiv and adjacent suppliers should be viewed through the lens of rack power density, cooling modality (air vs liquid), and site deployment model (hyperscale campuses vs distributed colocation/enterprise). Groq claims its LPU and rack designs are “air-cooled by design” and require no complex cooling and power infrastructure, and third-party reporting has described Groq’s approach as relying on parallelism across many lower-power units rather than extreme per-chip performance. If NVIDIA scales Groq as a mainstream inference platform, the mix of data center cooling spend could shift modestly away from the highest-density liquid-cooled racks toward more air-cooled or hybrid deployments, particularly for inference pods placed in existing facilities that cannot easily retrofit for very high rack heat flux. That would be a mix headwind for suppliers most levered exclusively to high-end liquid cooling attachments per rack, but it is not necessarily a volume headwind for Vertiv given the company’s broad exposure to both power and cooling infrastructure and the likelihood that total AI deployment locations expand. Vertiv’s own industry commentary emphasizes that AI racks require higher power-density UPS, batteries, power distribution equipment, and switchgear capable of handling rapid load transients, and that hybrid cooling systems will evolve across deployment environments. Those statements align with a world where inference growth increases the count of powered racks and raises the operational complexity of power delivery even if per-rack density is lower than the most extreme training clusters. The most material infrastructure impact may occur outside the rack and upstream of the data hall: grid interconnects, substations, transformers, switchgear, generators, and utility-scale generation additions. Recent regulatory actions in the U.S. highlight that projected data center demand is already driving large planned increases in electricity generation capacity, underscoring that power availability is a binding constraint. In that context, an inference architecture that lowers joules per token could reduce the power required per unit of inference delivered, but it can also accelerate demand by lowering cost and improving latency, increasing the total volume of inference served (a classic rebound effect). The net outcome is likely continued, elevated demand for power infrastructure even if efficiency improves, with the key swing factor being whether AI capex remains on a multi-year growth trajectory or enters a digestion phase. Other data center infrastructure implications include server/ODM mix, facility design standardization, and networking architecture choices. If NVIDIA positions Groq-based inference as a broadly distributable “standard server + accelerator” solution rather than as an integrated, liquid-cooled rack like GB200 NVL72, spend could shift toward more conventional air-cooled server designs, higher unit volumes of mainstream racks, and faster deployment in colocation footprints, increasing demand for modular power rooms, busways, and rapidly deployable cooling solutions. If NVIDIA instead integrates Groq into its “AI factory” paradigm, the primary effect is likely acceleration of dense back-end fabric build-outs and a faster push toward photonics switching, increasing demand for fiber plant, connectors, and integrated optics supply chains while potentially compressing the lifecycle of transitional architectures based on pluggable optics and mid-reach copper. NVIDIA’s stated roadmap toward co-packaged optics and silicon photonics switches is already oriented toward scaling to very large GPU counts; adding a high-end inference ASIC increases the strategic importance of power-efficient, low-latency fabrics because inference economics become increasingly sensitive to network overhead as compute cost declines. Across the covered segments, the most defensible base case is limited near-term dislocation and a medium-term increase in uncertainty around memory intensity per unit of inference growth. HBM faces the clearest relative risk from an HBM-less inference platform, but supply tightness and GPU training roadmaps reduce the probability of an absolute demand shock over the next 12–24 months. Optical, AEC/copper, and power/cooling are more likely to remain volume-supported because they scale with endpoint count, deployment fragmentation, and total data center footprint, and those tend to rise when inference becomes cheaper and more widely deployed. The highest-conviction second-order effect is a shift in infrastructure mix: incrementally more distributed inference deployments (favoring colocation power/cooling standardization, DCI optics, and serviceable short-reach interconnect) and a gradual migration from pluggable optics toward integrated photonics in back-end fabrics (favoring suppliers positioned in the CPO ecosystem).

TheValueist

76,179 views • 7 months ago

Excited to share: NVIDIA Cosmos 3 Edge is openly available, bringing frontier world models to NVIDIA Jetson Thor and other local devices for physical AI. Read the blog: Learn more about it at today’s SIGGRAPH keynote—in person or via livestream at 3:45 p.m. PT:

Excited to share: NVIDIA Cosmos 3 Edge is openly available, bringing frontier world models to NVIDIA Jetson Thor and other local devices for physical AI. Read the blog: Learn more about it at today’s SIGGRAPH keynote—in person or via livestream at 3:45 p.m. PT:

Ming-Yu Liu

48,158 views • 18 days ago

The NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 scale-up fabric, built on the sixth-generation NVIDIA NVLink. The NVLink 6 Switch trays connect 72 Rubin GPUs in an all-to-all configuration. The NVLink spine—over 5,000 copper cables make up the vertical NVLink traverse. It securely moves more data than the entire bandwidth of the internet. The single-wide NVIDIA MGX rack design unlocks a cable-free, horizontal NVLink scale-up traverse, running directly on PCB for resiliency at scale. This is how NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 works as one, designed to deliver the lowest token cost and 10x more performance per watt than the previous generation. #NVIDIAVeraRubin

The NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 scale-up fabric, built on the sixth-generation NVIDIA NVLink. The NVLink 6 Switch trays connect 72 Rubin GPUs in an all-to-all configuration. The NVLink spine—over 5,000 copper cables make up the vertical NVLink traverse. It securely moves more data than the entire bandwidth of the internet. The single-wide NVIDIA MGX rack design unlocks a cable-free, horizontal NVLink scale-up traverse, running directly on PCB for resiliency at scale. This is how NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 works as one, designed to deliver the lowest token cost and 10x more performance per watt than the previous generation. #NVIDIAVeraRubin

NVIDIA AI Infrastructure

37,334 views • 25 days ago

We are launching the industry’s first commercial AI-native #AIRAN platform built on NVIDIA accelerated computing, marking one of the most significant shifts in radio network architecture in decades and providing operators with a practical path to AI Native Networks. Read more:

We are launching the industry’s first commercial AI-native #AIRAN platform built on NVIDIA accelerated computing, marking one of the most significant shifts in radio network architecture in decades and providing operators with a practical path to AI Native Networks. Read more:

Nokia

145,764 views • 24 days ago

The NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform is a multi-rack pod-scale system, built to process agentic AI and is now in full production. Built through extreme co-design, Vera Rubin unifies five connected rack-scale systems — the NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72, Vera CPU rack, Groq 3 LPX, Vera BlueField-4 STX, and Spectrum-6 SPX Ethernet — all purpose-built for global-scale agentic AI infrastructure. Vera Rubin delivers intelligence at scale, with the performance, efficiency and security needed to power the next industrial revolution. Congratulations to Microsoft, Dell Technologies, and CoreWeave for each standing up their Vera Rubin NVL72 engineering racks. Learn more:

The NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform is a multi-rack pod-scale system, built to process agentic AI and is now in full production. Built through extreme co-design, Vera Rubin unifies five connected rack-scale systems — the NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72, Vera CPU rack, Groq 3 LPX, Vera BlueField-4 STX, and Spectrum-6 SPX Ethernet — all purpose-built for global-scale agentic AI infrastructure. Vera Rubin delivers intelligence at scale, with the performance, efficiency and security needed to power the next industrial revolution. Congratulations to Microsoft, Dell Technologies, and CoreWeave for each standing up their Vera Rubin NVL72 engineering racks. Learn more:

NVIDIA

49,432 views • 2 months ago

🎬 Higgsfield AI 🧩 is accelerating professional video production, enabling millions of creators to produce content at unprecedented speed and scale, powered by NVIDIA Blackwell. They utilized our accelerated computing platform for: ✅ 30% faster training on NVIDIA HGX B200 and B300 systems, including on Nebius ✅ Infrastructure reliability through NVIDIA NVSentinel and DCGM ✅ Advanced creative control and optimized performance with NVIDIA CUDA libraries and InfiniBand networking Learn more ➡️

🎬 Higgsfield AI 🧩 is accelerating professional video production, enabling millions of creators to produce content at unprecedented speed and scale, powered by NVIDIA Blackwell. They utilized our accelerated computing platform for: ✅ 30% faster training on NVIDIA HGX B200 and B300 systems, including on Nebius ✅ Infrastructure reliability through NVIDIA NVSentinel and DCGM ✅ Advanced creative control and optimized performance with NVIDIA CUDA libraries and InfiniBand networking Learn more ➡️

NVIDIA AI Infrastructure

60,045 views • 3 months ago

$NVDA CEO Jensen Huang said demand has gone parabolic because agentic AI has arrived, AI can now do productive work and tokens are becoming profitable. If tokens are profitable then model builders have a reason to produce more of them which means more inference, more compute and more demand across networking, memory, CPUs, power and data centers. The near-term stock reaction is about expectations but long-term story is still that the AI factory buildout is running through Nvidia which is why I think it has a real path to becoming the world’s first $10T company.

$NVDA CEO Jensen Huang said demand has gone parabolic because agentic AI has arrived, AI can now do productive work and tokens are becoming profitable. If tokens are profitable then model builders have a reason to produce more of them which means more inference, more compute and more demand across networking, memory, CPUs, power and data centers. The near-term stock reaction is about expectations but long-term story is still that the AI factory buildout is running through Nvidia which is why I think it has a real path to becoming the world’s first $10T company.

Shay Boloor

261,814 views • 2 months ago

🤝 Arcee.ai, an American AI lab, built its frontier open model family on NVIDIA Blackwell Ultra. Its flagship MoE model, Trinity-Large-Thinking, was RL post-trained using NVIDIA NeMo open libraries. Arcee optimized agentic model inference with NVIDIA Dynamo and vLLM, along with NVIDIA accelerated networking, to deliver low token cost, achieving: ✅ 3T+ tokens served on OpenRouter in its first two months ✅ $0.90 per 1M output tokens ✅ 2nd on PinchBench for open agentic models Explore Arcee's open models, powered by NVIDIA ➡️

🤝 Arcee.ai, an American AI lab, built its frontier open model family on NVIDIA Blackwell Ultra. Its flagship MoE model, Trinity-Large-Thinking, was RL post-trained using NVIDIA NeMo open libraries. Arcee optimized agentic model inference with NVIDIA Dynamo and vLLM, along with NVIDIA accelerated networking, to deliver low token cost, achieving: ✅ 3T+ tokens served on OpenRouter in its first two months ✅ $0.90 per 1M output tokens ✅ 2nd on PinchBench for open agentic models Explore Arcee's open models, powered by NVIDIA ➡️

NVIDIA AI Infrastructure

27,180 views • 24 days ago

Instacart is bringing real-time intelligence to the grocery aisle. 🛒 With NVIDIA Jetson powering Caper Carts and NVIDIA Dynamo supporting faster recommendations, Instacart is using physical AI to personalize shopping experiences, improve in-store visibility and help retailers drive measurable business impact. The results: 65% lower whole-page ranking latency, more than 5% lift in click-through rates and Caper Cart deployments across 100+ cities.

Instacart is bringing real-time intelligence to the grocery aisle. 🛒 With NVIDIA Jetson powering Caper Carts and NVIDIA Dynamo supporting faster recommendations, Instacart is using physical AI to personalize shopping experiences, improve in-store visibility and help retailers drive measurable business impact. The results: 65% lower whole-page ranking latency, more than 5% lift in click-through rates and Caper Cart deployments across 100+ cities.

NVIDIA

31,772 views • 1 month ago

The optical networking supercycle is here! In this podcast, and Vikram Sekar go through all the tech jargon and explain what everything means. In just about 45 mins, you will know everything required to keep up with the next revolution in AI. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to AI and CPU Bottlenecks 03:00 The Rise of Silicon Photonics 06:01 Understanding Optical Networking and Data Centers 08:49 Scale Across: Connecting Data Centers 11:56 Scale Out: Optimizing Data Center Connectivity 14:53 Scale Up: The Future of GPU Connectivity 23:32 The Shift from Copper to Optical Connections 26:13 Challenges and Reliability of Lasers 30:47 Understanding Co-Packaged Optics 34:17 Market Dynamics: Demand and Supply of Lasers 40:46 Emerging Technologies: Optical Circuit Switches

The optical networking supercycle is here! In this podcast, and Vikram Sekar go through all the tech jargon and explain what everything means. In just about 45 mins, you will know everything required to keep up with the next revolution in AI. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to AI and CPU Bottlenecks 03:00 The Rise of Silicon Photonics 06:01 Understanding Optical Networking and Data Centers 08:49 Scale Across: Connecting Data Centers 11:56 Scale Out: Optimizing Data Center Connectivity 14:53 Scale Up: The Future of GPU Connectivity 23:32 The Shift from Copper to Optical Connections 26:13 Challenges and Reliability of Lasers 30:47 Understanding Co-Packaged Optics 34:17 Market Dynamics: Demand and Supply of Lasers 40:46 Emerging Technologies: Optical Circuit Switches

Semi Doped

21,842 views • 5 months ago

.Bittensor's $TAO is up more than 100% this month as decentralized AI demand surges and NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang takes notice. @jennsanasie has all you need to know on CoinDesk Daily. CoinDesk Media Network x Nexo.

.Bittensor's $TAO is up more than 100% this month as decentralized AI demand surges and NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang takes notice. @jennsanasie has all you need to know on CoinDesk Daily. CoinDesk Media Network x Nexo.

CoinDesk Podcast Network

20,711 views • 4 months ago

LabLab is bringing AI Hacks to Web3. We are the largest global hackathon platform with over 250k+ builders, and foundational partnerships with Google, NVIDIA, Meta and many more. We’ve proven our tracks; partnering with Circle to co-launch Arc, shipping 4k +new apps in two weeks. It’s time to build with the best.

LabLab is bringing AI Hacks to Web3. We are the largest global hackathon platform with over 250k+ builders, and foundational partnerships with Google, NVIDIA, Meta and many more. We’ve proven our tracks; partnering with Circle to co-launch Arc, shipping 4k +new apps in two weeks. It’s time to build with the best.

lablab.ai

65,270 views • 6 months ago

L4S makes wireless faster, smarter & more responsive — enabling use cases like real-time remote driving. With the only nationwide 5G Advanced network in the U.S., T-Mobile is the first to deliver consistent low latency and smoother experiences at scale with L4S over a wireless network. Details👉

L4S makes wireless faster, smarter & more responsive — enabling use cases like real-time remote driving. With the only nationwide 5G Advanced network in the U.S., T-Mobile is the first to deliver consistent low latency and smoother experiences at scale with L4S over a wireless network. Details👉

John Saw

599,472 views • 1 year ago

Frontier models that use reasoning to "think" during inference are generating 5X more AI tokens per year. ✨ "Inference is now a thinking process. And in order to teach AI how to think, reinforcement learning and very significant computation was introduced into post-training," said NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang in a recent keynote at #CES2026. Reinforcement learning is increasing computation demands across all AI scaling laws: pre-training, post-training, and test-time scaling. Learn more about reinforcement learning and AI scaling ➡️

Frontier models that use reasoning to "think" during inference are generating 5X more AI tokens per year. ✨ "Inference is now a thinking process. And in order to teach AI how to think, reinforcement learning and very significant computation was introduced into post-training," said NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang in a recent keynote at #CES2026. Reinforcement learning is increasing computation demands across all AI scaling laws: pre-training, post-training, and test-time scaling. Learn more about reinforcement learning and AI scaling ➡️

NVIDIA AI Infrastructure

13,329 views • 6 months ago