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Laminar flow in fluid dynamics is when fluid particles move in parallel layers without significant mixing. At low speeds, these layers slide past each other smoothly, resembling frozen motion when observed on camera.

9,325,047 次观看 • 2 年前 •via X (Twitter)

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The fascinating concept of Non-Newtonian fluids, which transition from a liquid state to a solid-like state when pressure is applied, has a rich history that spans several centuries. The study and understanding of these peculiar fluids have evolved over time, leading to a wide range of practical applications and scientific insights. One of the earliest references to Non-Newtonian behavior in fluids dates back to the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton formulated the basic principles of fluid mechanics. Newton's laws of fluid motion primarily applied to Newtonian fluids, which exhibit constant viscosity and flow behavior regardless of the applied force or pressure. However, it soon became apparent that not all fluids behaved in this predictable manner. In the mid-19th century, a scientist named Thomas Andrews made significant contributions to the understanding of Non-Newtonian fluids. Andrews conducted groundbreaking experiments with carbon dioxide, revealing that under high pressure, this gas could transform into a liquid. This observation marked one of the earliest instances of pressure-induced phase changes in fluids. The term "Non-Newtonian" itself was coined in the 20th century to describe fluids that did not adhere to Newton's classical laws of fluid dynamics. These fluids exhibited a variety of behaviors, but one of the most intriguing was their ability to solidify or increase in viscosity when subjected to stress or pressure. One of the most famous examples of such behavior is cornstarch mixed with water, which forms a substance known as "oobleck" that becomes more solid when pressure is applied. In the modern era, Non-Newtonian fluids have found applications in various fields, including food science, engineering, and material science. They are used in products like quicksand, body armor, and even in the development of impact-resistant materials. One of the key insights that emerged from the study of Non-Newtonian fluids is the importance of understanding the relationship between stress and strain, as well as the influence of time-dependent properties on their behavior. This knowledge has led to advancements in rheology, the study of flow and deformation in materials, and has practical implications in areas such as industrial processing, medicine, and the design of everyday products.

Historic Vids

2,632,483 次观看 • 2 年前

Full Fine-tuning vs. Freezing Layers. Interact 👉 and == Full Fine-tuning == A real network has many — three layers in this example, billions of parameters in a production model. What does fine-tuning look like when you update all of them? That’s full fine-tuning: continue training every weight in the pretrained network on your new task. Every layer’s W gets its own ΔW. Nothing is frozen — every parameter is in play. Think of an MLP as a chain of prerequisites leading to an advanced course. Layer 1 might be Linear Algebra, layer 2 Probability, layer 3 Advanced Machine Learning — each one building on what came before. Fine-tuning is what happens during graduate study: the foundations are already there from undergrad, so you’re not re-learning. Full fine-tuning is reviewing every prerequisite to see what new topics have appeared and what discoveries the field has made since the last time you sat through them. Effective — but exhausting. This diagram shows the same three-layer MLP twice, side by side. On the left, the pretrained network runs on input X: three weight matrices W₁, W₂, W₃, each followed by a ReLU activation. Full fine-tuning gives the model the most freedom to specialize. Every parameter can move — and every parameter that can move must be stored. But not every prerequisite needs revisiting. The further you go back in the chain, the less the material has changed since pretraining — the linear-algebra basics under your computer-vision course are largely the same as they ever were. The next page does exactly that: freeze the prerequisites that haven’t moved, and only refresh the advanced one closest to your specialization. == Freezing Layers == Full fine-tuning reviewed every prerequisite — Linear Algebra, Probability, Advanced ML — to refresh each subject with the latest topics. Effective, but exhausting. Then you realize something. The prerequisites haven’t actually changed that much. Linear Algebra is still Linear Algebra; the matrix decompositions you learned still hold. Probability is still Probability; the distributions and Bayes’ rule haven’t moved. Almost all the new material — the new ideas, the recent discoveries — lives in the advanced layer at the top. That’s freezing layers: keep the prerequisite layers fixed at their pretrained state, and only update the advanced one. In the diagram below, W1​ and W2​ — the foundational prerequisites — stay frozen. Only W3​ — the layer closest to your task-specific output — gets a ΔW.

Tom Yeh

27,587 次观看 • 3 个月前

Seedance 2.0 4K on Higgsfield Prompt: Scene: A seamless ultra-cinematic one-take shot starting from deep space and ending in an intimate café moment. The sequence emphasizes speed, scale, and immersive transition from cosmic to human scale. Subject / Character: Final subject is irene galbraith — a young woman sitting in an open-air café named “LUMOS”, wearing denim shorts and a white shirt, casually eating a hamburger with a drink beside her. Action Timeline (TOTAL: 15s): 0–4s (Space → Earth Approach): Wide cinematic shot of Earth in deep space. Camera accelerates forward smoothly. Earth rapidly grows in frame. Subtle light streaks, atmospheric glow becomes visible. Motion builds gradually but feels grand. 4–8s (Atmospheric Entry → Fast Descent): Camera pierces atmosphere with intense glow and motion blur. Clouds rush past. Continents and terrain sweep underneath at high speed. Strong sense of acceleration. 8–11s (City Dive → Street Flow): Camera locks onto a city and dives sharply. Skyscrapers rise fast. Transition into street-level movement — fluid glide through streets, passing buildings, corners, and urban elements with dynamic motion. 11–12s (Café Target Lock): Camera spots outdoor café with large “LUMOS” sign. Rapid but smooth deceleration begins. Focus tightens. 12–15s (Final Scene – Character): Camera settles into a medium shot of irene galbraith. She sits casually, eating a hamburger, drink on table. Natural motion (taking a bite, relaxed posture). Warm, calm contrast to previous high-speed sequence. Camera: One continuous shot, no cuts. Extreme speed ramping: slow → ultra-fast → controlled slowdown. Wide lens in space → natural cinematic lens at final shot. Smooth stabilization with slight handheld realism at the end. Audio: Cinematic rise from deep space ambience → intense whooshing during descent → city ambience → soft café sounds (light chatter, ambient noise). Style: Cinematic color grading: cool tones in space/descent → gradually warmer tones at street/café. High contrast, subtle film grain, volumetric lighting, atmospheric particles, ultra-detailed, 8K, photorealistic.

simeon-sanai

58,500 次观看 • 1 个月前

She wasn't dancing for anyone until the whole street joined in. One girl. One beat. And suddenly everyone's in. Made with GPT Image 2 and Seedance 2.0 on BudgetPixel AI Prompt: Video Prompt — 15 seconds, 16:9, Solo female street dancer Jessy (described above) dancing continuously and energetically from the very first frame to a viral trending upbeat pop/afrobeat-style track (130 BPM, catchy hook-driven viral sound), full choreography visible throughout — no static feet-only opening, no frozen ending. Sunlit outdoor market street, colorful stalls, soft crowd blur, photorealistic, 8K detail, consistent facial identity, cinematic natural daylight, fluid motion blur, perfect temporal consistency. 0:00–0:03 — Low-angle tracking shot rising into a full-body view; Jessy is already mid-move, doing a bouncy shuffle-step with sharp arm swings and a hip pop on the beat drop, ponytail whipping, face clearly visible and expressive. 0:03–0:06 — Whip-pan into a Dutch-angle mid-shot; Jessy spins into a body-roll combo, arms cutting sharply through the air, handheld camera pulsing with the beat. 0:06–0:09 — Crash-zoom to a high-angle crane shot; Jessy drops into a low groove-step with a floor-touch and pop back up, dust kicking softly at her sneakers, still mid-motion. 0:09–0:12 — Snap-cut to eye-level tracking shot circling her; nearby onlookers — two women and one man, each with distinct clearly-visible faces, different hairstyles, and different outfits from Jessy and each other — start mirroring her moves and join in, forming a loose group dance, all faces on camera (face cards visible, no obstruction). 0:12–0:15 — Wide dynamic shot pulling back as the whole group dances together in sync, Jessy in the center still moving with sharp bounce and a playful spin, camera continuing to move (slow pull-back with slight handheld shake) right up to the final frame — no freeze, motion carries through to the last moment, energetic smile toward camera.

Jessica Collins

31,429 次观看 • 12 天前