Mai elbow and biceps setup (still working on the threshold values)

AWW miter edge?? that's genius!!!

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Goodness gracious, I'll be taking notes for my future rigs.

This is some serious rigging, awesome work as always. Is there a reason to use constraints and not shapekeys? I’m curious 🙂‍↕️

It depends, both work, but since this rig is shared by multiple models with different topologies, using bones, I don't have to make shape keys for each one.

Shape keys + drivers?

just the mechanism bone with constraints, no drivers/shape keys

When it comes to body armature, this is so interesting. Do you modify an existing rig? Or ALWAYS start from scratch and custom?

It depends; Some old or low-poly models don't come with extra bones for corrective elbows/knees. So I add them myself. If I'm rigging from scratch, I usually add them too. Rigify, for example, doesn't add corrections by default, so I manually set up in the metarig

hopefully not a dumb question... but this seems like an awfully complex rig... is there a reason you rig everything so detailed instead of sculpting a shape key and driving it with the bone? just wondering and would love to know!