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Majestically perched upon a rocky basalt cliff overlooking Selco Valley, set against dramatic the backdrop of Majella mountains, is Castle of Roccascalegna, near Chieti in Abruzzo, Italy. The basalt rocky cliff on which the castle was built is a geological jewel, originally carried along a clay floor by the...

11,648 次观看 • 1 年前 •via X (Twitter)

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The castles of Europe are some of the most amazing things we’ve inherited from history Between 75,000 and 100,000 castles were built in Western Europe during the medieval period, with around 1,700 in England and Wales alone, and roughly 14,000 in German-speaking areas... Most of them rose between the 9th and 15th centuries after the collapse of centralized Roman authority and the rise of fragmented feudal power. As attacking armies grew more sophisticated, so did the walls meant to stop them. The cost was staggering: from 1179 to 1188, King Henry II of England spent over £6,500 on Dover Castle alone — an enormous sum given that his entire annual revenue was around £10,000. That figure was more than three times what he spent on any other building project in his reign, and more than four times what went into grand royal residences like Windsor. And then there is Malbork... Built by the Teutonic Knights in what is now Poland, Malbork is the largest castle in the world measured by land area. It covers 52 acres and once housed approximately 3,000 knights. A medieval visitor reportedly noted it seemed "more a city enclosed by walls than a single castle." In 950, Provence was home to just 12 castles. By 1000, the number had risen to 30. By 1030, it was over 100. The pace was not driven by a single empire with a plan, but by thousands of individual decisions made by lords, bishops, and kings who each decided, in their own time and place, that stone was the only reliable answer to an uncertain world... The word castle is derived from the Latin word castellum, which is a diminutive of the word castrum, meaning "fortified place". Between seventy-five thousand and a hundred thousand of these fortresses were built over six centuries as a reminder that every civilization eventually decides what it will leave behind. Europe decided on this. And the castles are still here.

James Lucas

1,922,101 次观看 • 4 个月前

This is a statue of the only man in Troy who saw the trap. He tried to warn everyone, and this is what the gods did to him because of it... His name was Laocoön, a Trojan priest. When the Greek army vanished and left a giant wooden horse outside the city gates, all of Troy celebrated. Only Laocoön refused to believe it. He warned his people the horse was a trick and, to prove it was hollow, hurled his spear into its side. In Virgil's telling, he spoke a line that has outlasted almost everything else about Troy: "I fear the Greeks, even when they bring gifts." He was right. The horse was packed with soldiers, and Troy was hours from destruction. This sculpture shows what he got for it. Two enormous sea serpents rise out of the sea and coil around him and his young sons, dragging all three down together. The father's whole body is knotted in the struggle, every muscle straining, his face locked in a scream. The gods wanted Troy to fall, and Laocoön was in the way. The Trojans watched him die in agony and drew exactly the wrong conclusion: they decided the gods were punishing him for attacking a holy gift. So they pulled the horse inside their own walls, and that night, Troy burned... The statue is called Laocoön and His Sons. It is the work of three Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes, Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus, and dates to the Hellenistic period, making it well over two thousand years old. Buried for more than a thousand years, it was dug out of a Roman vineyard in 1506, and Michelangelo rushed across Rome to see it the day it was found. It has been called the single greatest depiction of human suffering in the history of art, but it endures because of what it is really about: the man who sees the truth, says it out loud, and is destroyed for being right while the crowd watches... It is one of the oldest patterns there is, and it has never stopped repeating. There is nothing new under the sun.

James Lucas

497,827 次观看 • 1 个月前

Sorry if I did not answer many of you. I’ve never been a fan of the online eulogy. The immediate fallout is always about loved ones. And we should leave those closest be. And then I realised of course I was just incredibly upset, and a large digital outpouring is inevitable and testament to his character. My devastation came from having to watch it all unfold. From spending years trying to help and actually getting him close to a point where he almost had a normal life again - then being powerless to stop him doing things he should not have. Powerless in every sense as it also meant it sometimes not being my place to say anything. In the end watching some of the evil shits around enable the worst of it was too much for me, I had to step back it was too painful to watch. I told my mate who was filling in for me looking after him “ah I just need some space from it all, I’ll be back with him after Christmas” and then suddenly there was no Christmas. And it turned out no one was to blame, and I immediately looked to blame myself most of all, fearing the worst. But it was a simple accident in the end. A bolt out of the blue. So if you are ever estranged or overwhelmed by friends and family and think it will all be OK one day - DON’T put it off. Reach out now. Grab that person and hold them tight. There may not be a tomorrow. You might not be around to see them off. There may not be the grand luxury of time available you thought there was. He died in the arms of his beloved son, and that is a measure of comfort, if a passing can ever have any. He was my mentor, my friend and my glad burden. And there was nothing I would not do for him.

The Secret DJ.

40,740 次观看 • 1 年前

House of Neptune (1st Century AD) in Herculaneum : The association between Herculaneum and Mount Vesuvius goes way back to 79 AD, where the fateful eruption of volcano smothered this town under pyroclastic material. However, Herculaneum unlike Pompeii, was not hit by rain of ash and lapilli. But only by a very powerful pyroclastic flow and mudslide that completely covered Herculaneum with more than 20m of volcanic material. While this event was tragic, no doubt, it led to unintended consequence of preserving houses, mosaics and other artifacts remarkably under volcanic debris. In 1738 AD, during excavation of a well by a farmer, was first remains of ancient city accidentally found. Among these ruins was discovered House of Neptune, a relatively small yet ornately decorated dwelling that’s believed to be owned by a sea merchant. It is best known for mosaic depicting Neptune, Roman sea god and his sea-nymph wife, Amphitrite. House of Neptune and Amphitrite of Herculaneum is located in insula V. Exactly opposite entrance to female section of Stabian baths, in formerly busiest street in Herculaneum. Compared to other houses in Herculaneum, House of Neptune was not very big in size. Besides a shop and a couple of rooms, most interesting aspect of house is open-air courtyard. Dining room adjacent to courtyard is also small and has red walls. Frescoes that adorned its insides are now in Archeological Museum of Naples. Dining room and a few other rooms were connected to a mid-sized atrium. One noteworthy feature of atrium is presence of a shrine in corner, called lararium. Some remnants of lararium are now part of Naples Archeological Museum. The few rooms in second floor of house also contain inscriptions and paintings that reflect taste and of the owner and lives of its occupants. House of Neptune and Amphitrite of Herculaneum probably belonged to a wealthy merchant. In fact, on lower floor of house with direct access to the street there was a shop. Inside which a counter used for making food and drink, a small kitchen and perfectly preserved wooden mezzanine floor, still visible today, were found, which served to reach upper floor and in which there was a shelf that was probably used to store amphorae containing wine. The very end of the house features an open-topped courtyard with an artificial grotto and a fountain, or Nymphaeum. Entire courtyard features garden paintings. Later, when an aqueduct was introduced, they redirected it to a cistern in courtyard. This cistern was also decorated with blue mosaic chips. Courtyard is positioned in such a way that a visitor has a clear and direct view of it even before entering the house. The owner wanted to give impression of a courtyard-cum garden in limited space available, so there are frescoes within that depict flowering plants and fountains. Most probably the place where owner spent their moments of relaxation, enjoying coolness of evening. In the centre of summer triclinium was a marble basin with a fountain from which water spurted in ancient times. On central wall was created a marvellous mosaic, from which entire house takes its name, depicting Neptune and Amphitrite. The mosaic, adorned all around with a frame of sea shells, was made of glass paste in brilliant colours, depicting Neptune and Amphitrite. The rest of triclinium was frescoed with scenes depicting a garden with plants, birds and fountains, to give those inside the triclinium the feeling of being in an outdoor garden. In the centre of summer triclinic of house of Neptune and Amphitrite, fountain was supplied with water from a tank on north side of triclinic. Tank was concealed by a structure with three niches, where in central niche there was a small statue. Entire structure was covered with glass paste mosaic depicting hunting scenes in upper part and a garden with plants and birds in lower part. 🎥© massimo_osamna (IG) #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

25,969 次观看 • 1 年前

➡️ The ZANU fighter was just defeated by a 60-year old guy. 😌 This guy, Themba Gorimbo, had the support of most Zimbabweans when he entered the UFC, because – what a great achievement and representation for our country! 👏🏾👏🏾🙌🏾 🇿🇼 Then, he made the quintessential error that many shallow Zimbabweans who find fame MAKE – he involved himself in regime politics ... because he saw it as a way to make a quick fortune. 💰💰 He started to ride high on ARROGANCE, and use his platform to insult and mock the opposition movement while promoting ED and ZANU PF regularly. He is especially known for stalking Winky D, and posting negative comments and mockeries about him, in order to please his ZANU masters. He thought that if he placed himself on the buttered side 🧈🍞 – the OPPRESSOR’S side - then he would be on the fast track to wealth, freebies and trinkets. 💵 Amateur mistake. When you’re a professional athlete there is no upside to playing politics. 🤷🏾‍♂️ You’ll just alienate many supporters unnecessarily, and attract controversy. You also draw negative attention to yourself internationally. MMA is a global sport and UFC is the pinnacle of the sport. So then he started losing supporters and attracting criticism ... but continued on his arrogant high horse, believing that his commitment to ZANU would pay off. Then when was CHOKED OUT in his last fight and lost consciousness in front of the entire world 😴- he thereafter had a "Damascus moment" when he realized that HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS of UFC fans around the world were joyous about his humiliation! 😃 Especially when at one point he enjoyed widespread support and a growing fanbase - even the Rock had given him a house in the early days ... before Gorimbo showed himself to be an arrogant, toxic chump. 🤦🏾‍♂️ Then after being choked out he tried to “CHANGE” and win people over again, and started becoming anti-Zanu, etc. And it has worked for some people, but for a lot of OTHER people, including me (who was initially a HUGE fan), the damage had been done... 🙅🏾‍♂️ I always support Zimbabwean athletes and teams PASSIONATELY 🇿🇼 – but this guy has shown his true colours, and I find him to be unsavoury... He’s someone who tried to use his platform to benefit from the REGIME. He supported OPPRESSION and mocked the suffering of Zimbabweans, and efforts of the opposition. He is NOT a good guy. 😏 He is only now pretending to be in support of the PEOPLE because he has seen how supporting dictators will negatively affect his MMA career. It actually may be too late for him to redeem himself because even on the MMA twitterverse, I see a LOT of people from around the world posting negatively about his arrogance. They are also calling him a SCAMMER because of the library he had said he was building “in his village” and apparently people donated money, but there is ZERO library in existence 🤔- and when he has been pressed to explain he has been saying to critics that he built ¾ of the library and then he had to tear it down for some reason... 👀 I will always view him as a “ZANU fighter” because that’s what he proudly was for a long time, and has now realized his miscalculation ... and trying to pretend to be otherwise. Anyway, good luck to him. Because these days KARMA is visiting him.

Bhudhi Ghivhi

66,746 次观看 • 9 个月前

There is a room in Málaga that was built to be the closest thing on earth to standing inside heaven. It is called the camarín of the Virgin of Victory, and it is hidden at the top of a tower inside the Santuario de la Victoria. To reach it, you climb and the ascent is the entire point... The building you are climbing through was completed in 1700, and it was designed as a single argument made in stone. At the bottom lies a crypt: a black chamber crowded with white plaster skeletons, a meditation on death and the brevity of life. From there a staircase rises, and as you climb it the light grows stronger and the imagery changes from bones to saints. The architects of the time understood this ascent as the soul's own journey, the dark crypt as the stage of penitence, the staircase as the stage of spiritual progress, and the room at the very top as the final stage: the union of the soul with the divine. That room at the top is the camarín, and its dome is one of the most extraordinary interiors in Spain... Every surface is covered in white and gold plasterwork. There is no empty space anywhere. The Baroque called this horror vacui, the horror of the void: the conviction that a space meant to represent heaven should not contain a single bare patch of stone. Out of that plasterwork emerge angels, flowers, birds, and mirrors. The mirrors are not decoration alone. They catch the light pouring in through the windows of the drum and throw it around the chamber, so that the gold seems to move and the whole room appears to shimmer and breathe. This wonder was built by people who believed that if you wanted to show a human being what heaven might feel like, you did not describe it to them. You built a room, and you let them climb into it... -- -- -- If you enjoyed this, I write a weekly newsletter read by over 50,000 people who love rediscovering the beauty of the past. You can join us here: If you'd like to support my work, a paid subscription is what makes it possible.

James Lucas

69,389 次观看 • 2 个月前

Today we revisit the painful story of the late National Intelligence Office the late Elvis Opiyo 😢. Many Kenyans fid not knkw where Elvis Opiyo worked even when he was accused, arrested and charged with daucing his ex lover Clare Ochieng with acid. This was not until he committed suicide that manny Kenyans realised he worked at the powerful National Intelligence service. Elvis grew up a very intelligent and disciplined boy deeply rooted in Christianity. As young boy he was a pathfinder and later a strong choir member in the Seventh Day Adventist Church. He was married and had a wife in the village yet he continued to pursue Clare Ochieng. At one point he even sent her Ksh. 500,000, money that Clare insisted he reverse. His pursuit of Clare was soo strong that at one pint his close friend thought it was cult related. By now Everyone knows the circum surrounding his arrested and the charges he faced in relat to the public case invol Clare Ochieng. But what happene in the week leadi up to his death? Elvis was out on bail having been charged in court in relation to Clare's acid attack. He last days of his life, he visited his home in the village. While at home, he receiv a phone call from his bosses that he was needed in the office, as a resul , he travelled to Nairobi and upon reaching the office, he was given a summary dismissal letter following the painful and unimaginable case that has been ongoing. This is where things took a tragic turn, stress quickly escalated to depression, he started living a solitude life, often not speaking much even with his closed friends and wife who was in the village. On the fateful day, he committed suicide by taking poison while in his house in Amani Court, Umoja two, Nairobi. A white mug and a spoon was found next to him on the floor. A brilliant young man just lost it like that leaving this magnificent house he had built in the village 💔💔💔💔😭😭

JaHomaBay

34,684 次观看 • 1 天前

Madain Saleh, also known as Al-Hijr, is a pre-Islamic archaeological site located in the northwest of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Madain Saleh is a place of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Madain Saleh was the second city of the Nabataean kingdom, which was established in 2nd Century BC. The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who were known for their expertise in carving tombs and buildings out of rock. They were also skilled in agriculture, trade, and commerce. The Nabataean kingdom was centered in Petra, which is located in modern-day Jordan. Madain Saleh served as a strategic outpost for Nabataeans, and it was an important stop on the trade routes that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the Mediterranean world. Archaeological site of Madain Saleh covers an area of 13 square kilometers. It is located in a remote desert region, and it is surrounded by rocky mountains and valleys. The site contains around 130 tombs, which were carved out of the sandstone cliffs. The tombs are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the culture and religion of the Nabataeans. The most famous tomb at Madain Saleh is the Qasr Al-Farid, which means "the lonely castle." This tomb is located on a hilltop and is surrounded by a large courtyard. It is the largest tomb at the site, and it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Nabataean architecture. The tomb was never completed, and it is believed that it was abandoned after the death of the Nabataean king who commissioned it. Another important tomb at Madain Saleh is the Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza. This tomb is located in the southern part of the site and is carved into a rock cliff. It features a large entrance hall, a central chamber, and a series of smaller rooms. The tomb is decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the religious beliefs of Nabataeans. Madain Saleh is not just a site of tombs; it also contains a number of other important structures. These include the Al-Khuraymat and Al-Sabika temples, which were used for religious ceremonies and rituals. The site also contains a number of houses, wells, and cisterns, which provide insights into the daily lives of the Nabataeans. Madain Saleh was abandoned in the 3rd Century AD, after decline of the Nabataean kingdom. The site was rediscovered in the 19th Century by the Swiss traveler Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Since then, it has been studied by archaeologists from all over the world. The site is now managed by the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, which has carried out extensive restoration and preservation work. Madain Saleh is not just a site of historical and cultural significance; it is also a place of great natural beauty. The site is surrounded by rugged mountains and valleys, and it is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Visitors to the site can enjoy hiking and camping, as well as exploring the ancient ruins. Madain Saleh is a site of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient ruins at Madain Saleh provide a glimpse into the engineering and architectural skills of the Nabataeans, as well as their religious beliefs and cultural practices. However, as the site becomes an increasingly popular tourist destination, there are concerns about its preservation and the impact of tourism on the local environment. It is important that the Saudi government and local communities work together to ensure that the site is protected and that tourism is managed in a sustainable way. 🎥© Paris Verra #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

196,549 次观看 • 2 年前