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Modern engineering has nothing on ancient Indian architecture. 🤯 Ancient temples drained water perfectly using precision slopes, interlocking stone gutters, and hidden drainage networks that still work today.

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Satya Anveshi 🇮🇳

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131,476 просмотров • 21 часов назад •via X (Twitter)

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A 2000 year old Roman water channel that still flows today This incredible underground aqueduct is hidden right inside the Smyrna Agora in Izmir, Türkiye. Built by the ancient Romans it originally carried fresh spring water to the city baths and fountains. The stone arches are incredibly well preserved and the main channel is actually large enough for a person to walk through. After 2000 years the water is still actively flowing and is currently used to irrigate the modern archaeological site.
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⛏️ The Tunnel of Eupalinos: A 2,500-Year-Old Engineering Marvel Hidden beneath the island of Samos, Greece, the Tunnel of Eupalinos is one of the most remarkable engineering feats of the ancient world. Stretching 1,036 meters (3,400 feet), this underground passage was carved in the 6th century BCE during the rule of Polycrates. More than a tunnel, it was a lifeline—an ingenious aqueduct that supplied fresh water to the ancient city of Pythagorion. The extraordinary precision of excavating from both ends to meet perfectly in the middle continues to amaze historians and engineers even today.
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⛏️ The Tunnel of Eupalinos: A 2,500-Year-Old Engineering Marvel Hidden beneath the island of Samos, Greece, the Tunnel of Eupalinos is one of the most remarkable engineering feats of the ancient world. Stretching 1,036 meters (3,400 feet), this underground passage was carved in the 6th century BCE during the rule of Polycrates. More than a tunnel, it was a lifeline—an ingenious aqueduct that supplied fresh water to the ancient city of Pythagorion. The extraordinary precision of excavating from both ends to meet perfectly in the middle continues to amaze historians and engineers even today.

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A hidden cave. A Shivling surrounded by water. And fish swimming peacefully around it…🔱 Deep within the ancient Sri Keshavanatheshwara Temple in Mudgal, Karnataka, devotees wade through flowing water to reach Mahadeva… What makes this place even more fascinating? Small fish continuously swim around the sacred Shivling, and devotees lovingly feed them grains of rice. No grand architecture. No golden walls. Just a cave, flowing water, and a divine presence that has drawn devotees for generations. Some temples are built by human hands. Others feel as if nature itself became a temple… 🚩
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A hidden cave. A Shivling surrounded by water. And fish swimming peacefully around it…🔱 Deep within the ancient Sri Keshavanatheshwara Temple in Mudgal, Karnataka, devotees wade through flowing water to reach Mahadeva… What makes this place even more fascinating? Small fish continuously swim around the sacred Shivling, and devotees lovingly feed them grains of rice. No grand architecture. No golden walls. Just a cave, flowing water, and a divine presence that has drawn devotees for generations. Some temples are built by human hands. Others feel as if nature itself became a temple… 🚩

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Long before modern tech, before robots and automation took over the world, something extraordinary was already happening in ancient China. Around 2400 years ago, a group known as the Mohists turned ideas into real machines. They weren't just thinkers-they were engineers ahead of their time. Led by Mozi (470-391 BCE), these innovators designed mechanical birds that could move on their own, built advanced defensive systems, and explored complex concepts like levers, pulleys, optics, and geometry-centuries before similar developments in the West. Their knowledge was recorded in the Mozi, proving that their creations were not myths, but real engineering achievements. This was a time where philosophy met precision engineering, where creativity turned into functional machines. Automation didn't start in Silicon Valley-it started in ancient China. ancient engineering, Chinese innovation, Mozi philosophy, early automation, mechanical inventions, ancient technology.
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Long before modern tech, before robots and automation took over the world, something extraordinary was already happening in ancient China. Around 2400 years ago, a group known as the Mohists turned ideas into real machines. They weren't just thinkers-they were engineers ahead of their time. Led by Mozi (470-391 BCE), these innovators designed mechanical birds that could move on their own, built advanced defensive systems, and explored complex concepts like levers, pulleys, optics, and geometry-centuries before similar developments in the West. Their knowledge was recorded in the Mozi, proving that their creations were not myths, but real engineering achievements. This was a time where philosophy met precision engineering, where creativity turned into functional machines. Automation didn't start in Silicon Valley-it started in ancient China. ancient engineering, Chinese innovation, Mozi philosophy, early automation, mechanical inventions, ancient technology.

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The breathtaking sunken Roman bath where Queen Cleopatra famously swam History is absolutely filled with incredible stories but actually getting to swim through one is a completely different experience. Hidden beautifully away in the stunning Gocek region of modern day Türkiye, lies a breathtaking half sunken Roman ruin known as Hamam Koyu. But what makes this specific spot truly magical is the deeply fascinating local legend tied directly to its ancient stones. According to these ancient stories the magnificent Queen Cleopatra, herself famously visited this exact bay. She reportedly sought out these specific clear waters to swim and bathe believing they held powerful magical healing properties. Today modern travelers can dive into those exact same waters and physically swim through the ancient stone arches perfectly bringing this incredible ancient royal legend to life.

Ancient Content

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Well… this is awkward. I’ve done a complete 360. I originally believed the basalt floor tool marks east of Khufu’s pyramid were ancient saw cuts and possibly evidence of lost technology. Then a 180. A few years ago, I made a video arguing they were modern. George Reisner’s Harvard expedition worked extensively in this area, a modern road once crossed over these stones, and I’d heard accounts from locals describing how people used modern tools to remove stone for the forgery trade. Given all that, it seemed like a reasonable conclusion at the time. After taking a much closer look today, however, I’ve changed my mind. I’m now convinced these cuts are ancient.💯 That doesn’t mean the technique was impossible for the ancient Egyptians. Clearly, it wasn’t. But aspects of how they achieved these cuts may still be lost to us. So the “modern cuts” debunking theory can now be placed quietly in the bin. Chalk one up for the alternative historians and YouTubers who argued these cuts were ancient. They were right after all, and I stand corrected. Funny old thing, evidence. It has an inconvenient habit of changing minds.
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Well… this is awkward. I’ve done a complete 360. I originally believed the basalt floor tool marks east of Khufu’s pyramid were ancient saw cuts and possibly evidence of lost technology. Then a 180. A few years ago, I made a video arguing they were modern. George Reisner’s Harvard expedition worked extensively in this area, a modern road once crossed over these stones, and I’d heard accounts from locals describing how people used modern tools to remove stone for the forgery trade. Given all that, it seemed like a reasonable conclusion at the time. After taking a much closer look today, however, I’ve changed my mind. I’m now convinced these cuts are ancient.💯 That doesn’t mean the technique was impossible for the ancient Egyptians. Clearly, it wasn’t. But aspects of how they achieved these cuts may still be lost to us. So the “modern cuts” debunking theory can now be placed quietly in the bin. Chalk one up for the alternative historians and YouTubers who argued these cuts were ancient. They were right after all, and I stand corrected. Funny old thing, evidence. It has an inconvenient habit of changing minds.

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The Lycians weren't Greek or Persian , they were an independent Anatolian people with their own script and language, living under Persian rule from the 6th century BC. Their rock-cut tombs are nearly all that survives of their culture today. Lycian tombs were carved to resemble temples: two columns, an architrave, a pediment then a false facade leading to a real burial chamber cut into the rock, with stone couches for the dead inside. The Tomb of Amyntas at ancient Telmessos (modern Fethiye) was carved around 350 BC during Persian rule over Lycia. Its Greek inscription "Amyntas, son of Hermagios" is one of the few tombs where we actually know whose grave it was.
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The Lycians weren't Greek or Persian , they were an independent Anatolian people with their own script and language, living under Persian rule from the 6th century BC. Their rock-cut tombs are nearly all that survives of their culture today. Lycian tombs were carved to resemble temples: two columns, an architrave, a pediment then a false facade leading to a real burial chamber cut into the rock, with stone couches for the dead inside. The Tomb of Amyntas at ancient Telmessos (modern Fethiye) was carved around 350 BC during Persian rule over Lycia. Its Greek inscription "Amyntas, son of Hermagios" is one of the few tombs where we actually know whose grave it was.

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🕊️ The Faravahar: An Ancient Persian Symbol with a Powerful Meaning High on the stone walls of Persepolis, the ancient capital of Persia, you can see a mysterious winged symbol carved into the rock. This symbol is called the Faravahar (or Farohar), and it is one of the most important signs of Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest religions. At first look, the Faravahar may seem like a royal emblem or a symbol of power. But its meaning goes much deeper than that. The design comes from very old Middle Eastern traditions. Long before Persia, kings used winged sun symbols on seals to show divine protection and authority. Over time, the Persians gave this image a new meaning. In Zoroastrian belief, the Faravahar came to represent the human soul, its choices, and its journey through life. Every part of the symbol has a message: 🪽 The wings stand for growth, progress, and rising toward good thoughts and actions. 🧍 The human figure in the center reminds us that humans have free will and must choose between right and wrong. 🔄 The circular shape shows the ongoing journey of life and the balance between the spiritual and the physical world. In ancient Persia, the Faravahar was not just art on a wall. It showed faith, identity, and legitimacy. It reminded rulers and people alike that power should be guided by wisdom, truth, and moral responsibility. Even today, the Faravahar invites curiosity. Is it a symbol of God? A guide for the soul? Or a sign of royal authority? Perhaps it is all of these at once. What is clear is this: the Faravahar is a timeless symbol that shows how deeply spiritual belief and leadership were connected in ancient Persia—and how those ideas still speak to us today. ✨
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🕊️ The Faravahar: An Ancient Persian Symbol with a Powerful Meaning High on the stone walls of Persepolis, the ancient capital of Persia, you can see a mysterious winged symbol carved into the rock. This symbol is called the Faravahar (or Farohar), and it is one of the most important signs of Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest religions. At first look, the Faravahar may seem like a royal emblem or a symbol of power. But its meaning goes much deeper than that. The design comes from very old Middle Eastern traditions. Long before Persia, kings used winged sun symbols on seals to show divine protection and authority. Over time, the Persians gave this image a new meaning. In Zoroastrian belief, the Faravahar came to represent the human soul, its choices, and its journey through life. Every part of the symbol has a message: 🪽 The wings stand for growth, progress, and rising toward good thoughts and actions. 🧍 The human figure in the center reminds us that humans have free will and must choose between right and wrong. 🔄 The circular shape shows the ongoing journey of life and the balance between the spiritual and the physical world. In ancient Persia, the Faravahar was not just art on a wall. It showed faith, identity, and legitimacy. It reminded rulers and people alike that power should be guided by wisdom, truth, and moral responsibility. Even today, the Faravahar invites curiosity. Is it a symbol of God? A guide for the soul? Or a sign of royal authority? Perhaps it is all of these at once. What is clear is this: the Faravahar is a timeless symbol that shows how deeply spiritual belief and leadership were connected in ancient Persia—and how those ideas still speak to us today. ✨

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Most people walking the streets of modern Jerusalem have no idea what lies directly beneath their feet. In the City of David, archaeologists have uncovered the Pilgrimage Road, the actual stone-paved street used by hundreds of thousands of Jewish pilgrims to ascend to the Temple Mount during the Second Temple period. Running directly underneath it is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient drainage channels ever found in Jerusalem, a massive sewer system that carried rainwater and waste away from the Temple area. The engineering is astonishing. Massive stone slabs still in place, some weighing several tons. The channel is tall enough for a person to walk through. Artefacts recovered include coins, pottery, and personal items dropped by pilgrims nearly 2,000 years ago. This road and channel give us a direct, physical connection to the world of the Second Temple, the very streets where Jewish pilgrims walked during the time of the Mishnah and the events described in the Gospels. Israel doesn’t just preserve stones. We preserve the living footsteps of our ancestors. Proud every single day. 🇮🇱 #PilgrimageRoad #CityOfDavid #SecondTemple #AncientJerusalem #JewishHeritage
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Most people walking the streets of modern Jerusalem have no idea what lies directly beneath their feet. In the City of David, archaeologists have uncovered the Pilgrimage Road, the actual stone-paved street used by hundreds of thousands of Jewish pilgrims to ascend to the Temple Mount during the Second Temple period. Running directly underneath it is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient drainage channels ever found in Jerusalem, a massive sewer system that carried rainwater and waste away from the Temple area. The engineering is astonishing. Massive stone slabs still in place, some weighing several tons. The channel is tall enough for a person to walk through. Artefacts recovered include coins, pottery, and personal items dropped by pilgrims nearly 2,000 years ago. This road and channel give us a direct, physical connection to the world of the Second Temple, the very streets where Jewish pilgrims walked during the time of the Mishnah and the events described in the Gospels. Israel doesn’t just preserve stones. We preserve the living footsteps of our ancestors. Proud every single day. 🇮🇱 #PilgrimageRoad #CityOfDavid #SecondTemple #AncientJerusalem #JewishHeritage

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🚨 SCIENTISTS JUST FOUND AN ANCIENT OCEAN FLOOR WRAPPED AROUND EARTH’S CORE. Using seismic waves recorded by stations buried in Antarctic ice, researchers have created the highest-resolution map yet of the boundary between Earth’s mantle and outer core nearly 3,000 km beneath our feet. They discovered thin but widespread patches of dense material that dramatically slow down seismic waves. The most likely explanation: these are fragments of ancient oceanic crust that sank into the deep mantle long ago and have been moved around by convection currents for hundreds of millions of years. In some places, these structures rise up to five times higher than Mount Everest. Why this matters: • It reveals that Earth’s deep interior is far more complex and dynamic than we thought • These patches likely influence how heat flows from the core into the mantle, which affects mantle convection and volcanic activity • They may also play a role in the behavior of Earth’s magnetic field, which is generated in the outer core • Understanding this boundary helps us better model how our planet has evolved over billions of years The deeper implication: We usually think of the deep Earth as relatively simple layers. This research shows that the core-mantle boundary is more like a rugged, geologically active landscape with ancient “mountains” made of recycled ocean floor. It’s a powerful reminder that Earth is a single, interconnected system what happens at the surface (like plate tectonics) can eventually end up reshaping the deepest parts of our planet, and vice versa. We’re still only beginning to map the true complexity hidden beneath our feet. How do you think discovering ancient ocean crust at the core-mantle boundary changes the way we should think about Earth’s internal dynamics? Follow for more frontier Earth science and discoveries about our planet’s hidden interior.

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Vimanas are described in ancient Indian texts as highly advanced aerial craft, capable of vertical ascent, sustained hovering, and interplanetary travel. Far from primitive myth, these vehicles are depicted as engineered machines—metallic, luminous, and powered by forces unknown to modern science. In epics such as the Mahabharata, vimanas are used by god-like beings in warfare, reconnaissance, and long-distance travel, demonstrating flight capabilities that rival or exceed modern aerospace technology. These accounts describe craft that emitted intense light, thunderous vibrations, and devastating energy-based weapons, suggesting the use of advanced propulsion systems and directed-energy technology. Rather than symbolic chariots of imagination, some researchers propose that these descriptions may represent ancient eyewitness accounts of technologically superior beings—often associated with the Anunnaki—who possessed knowledge of gravity control, advanced materials, and cosmic navigation. From this perspective, vimanas may not be mythological at all, but remnants of suppressed or lost technological knowledge, preserved through symbolic language after civilizations collapsed. The so-called “gods” of antiquity may have been advanced non-human or off-world intelligences whose technology was later deified, misunderstood, or deliberately encoded into sacred texts to survive the passage of time. What remains is a tantalizing blueprint of an ancient, forgotten age—one in which humanity may have once shared the skies with beings far more advanced than we are today. Join Billy Carson on the next 4bidden Tour. LINK IN COMMENTS.
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Vimanas are described in ancient Indian texts as highly advanced aerial craft, capable of vertical ascent, sustained hovering, and interplanetary travel. Far from primitive myth, these vehicles are depicted as engineered machines—metallic, luminous, and powered by forces unknown to modern science. In epics such as the Mahabharata, vimanas are used by god-like beings in warfare, reconnaissance, and long-distance travel, demonstrating flight capabilities that rival or exceed modern aerospace technology. These accounts describe craft that emitted intense light, thunderous vibrations, and devastating energy-based weapons, suggesting the use of advanced propulsion systems and directed-energy technology. Rather than symbolic chariots of imagination, some researchers propose that these descriptions may represent ancient eyewitness accounts of technologically superior beings—often associated with the Anunnaki—who possessed knowledge of gravity control, advanced materials, and cosmic navigation. From this perspective, vimanas may not be mythological at all, but remnants of suppressed or lost technological knowledge, preserved through symbolic language after civilizations collapsed. The so-called “gods” of antiquity may have been advanced non-human or off-world intelligences whose technology was later deified, misunderstood, or deliberately encoded into sacred texts to survive the passage of time. What remains is a tantalizing blueprint of an ancient, forgotten age—one in which humanity may have once shared the skies with beings far more advanced than we are today. Join Billy Carson on the next 4bidden Tour. LINK IN COMMENTS.

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🎶Harappan Musical Instrument found in Oman Kartals (Cymbals), Circa 2250 BC 1⃣Archaeologists unearthed a pair of copper cymbals while excavating a curious hilltop mound at the Dahwa site in Oman. Nearby charcoal, dated by carbon-14 to around 2250 BC, provides a timeline. 2⃣A similar object was first found at Mohenjo-daro, but only a single piece. Scholars argued it could be a pot lid. In Oman, the find is a matched pair, stored together. Each measures 5.4 inches across, with a raised central boss and a tiny hole in the middle for a strap—like Indian kartals (also called manjira, jalra, or gini). Together, the pair weighs 254 grams. 3⃣Now that curious hilltop structure inside which these cymbals were found: it is a small rectangular building, about 150 square feet with a 4:3 ratio. It perches on a hill, overlooking the ancient Dahwa settlement. Its plastered walls, internal platforms, and outdoor installations are unlike houses in the settlement. It must have been a hilltop ritual space, echoing mini-temples — sites for gatherings and feasts. 4⃣The cymbals lay buried in a corner, in a fill layer beneath the mini-temple's floor. The cymbal pair was careful stacked. This suggests a votive deposit—an intentional offering. 5⃣So far, earliest cymbals from about 1500 BC were known. These and the Harappan cymbals break that record, being 750 years older. 6⃣The settlement below the hilltop has yielded evidence that many Harappans likely lived there. For example, the Dahwa site brims with Indus-style pottery, etched beads, and Harappan cooking wares far more than nearby ancient Omani sites excavated so far. The Dahwa cymbal pair is also very close in design to the cymbals found at Mohenjo Daro, Harappa and Chanhu-daro sites. 7⃣Harappa is famed for its "Dancing Girl" statue, now in Delhi National Museum. Dance implies music. Dance and music of ancient India can thus be traced to the 3rd millennium BC Harappans. SIGNIFICANCE: 1⃣This Oman find, as Khaled Douglas and colleagues argue in a 2025 paper, reveals Bronze Age cultural connections. Harappan merchants and miners reached ancient Oman (known as Magan or Makkan), carrying not just goods but music. 2⃣As new discoveries emerge, Harappan history must be seen beyond cities, ports, trade, seals, and script. It includes the culture and music they shared overseas. These arts must have inspired the generations that followed in ancient India. 3⃣Dahwa archaeological site tunes us into how music bonded Harappan communities—and how instruments like cymbals harmonized them with ancient Omanis. Dahwa also suggests Harappans may have practiced votive offerings and built community temples.
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🎶Harappan Musical Instrument found in Oman Kartals (Cymbals), Circa 2250 BC 1⃣Archaeologists unearthed a pair of copper cymbals while excavating a curious hilltop mound at the Dahwa site in Oman. Nearby charcoal, dated by carbon-14 to around 2250 BC, provides a timeline. 2⃣A similar object was first found at Mohenjo-daro, but only a single piece. Scholars argued it could be a pot lid. In Oman, the find is a matched pair, stored together. Each measures 5.4 inches across, with a raised central boss and a tiny hole in the middle for a strap—like Indian kartals (also called manjira, jalra, or gini). Together, the pair weighs 254 grams. 3⃣Now that curious hilltop structure inside which these cymbals were found: it is a small rectangular building, about 150 square feet with a 4:3 ratio. It perches on a hill, overlooking the ancient Dahwa settlement. Its plastered walls, internal platforms, and outdoor installations are unlike houses in the settlement. It must have been a hilltop ritual space, echoing mini-temples — sites for gatherings and feasts. 4⃣The cymbals lay buried in a corner, in a fill layer beneath the mini-temple's floor. The cymbal pair was careful stacked. This suggests a votive deposit—an intentional offering. 5⃣So far, earliest cymbals from about 1500 BC were known. These and the Harappan cymbals break that record, being 750 years older. 6⃣The settlement below the hilltop has yielded evidence that many Harappans likely lived there. For example, the Dahwa site brims with Indus-style pottery, etched beads, and Harappan cooking wares far more than nearby ancient Omani sites excavated so far. The Dahwa cymbal pair is also very close in design to the cymbals found at Mohenjo Daro, Harappa and Chanhu-daro sites. 7⃣Harappa is famed for its "Dancing Girl" statue, now in Delhi National Museum. Dance implies music. Dance and music of ancient India can thus be traced to the 3rd millennium BC Harappans. SIGNIFICANCE: 1⃣This Oman find, as Khaled Douglas and colleagues argue in a 2025 paper, reveals Bronze Age cultural connections. Harappan merchants and miners reached ancient Oman (known as Magan or Makkan), carrying not just goods but music. 2⃣As new discoveries emerge, Harappan history must be seen beyond cities, ports, trade, seals, and script. It includes the culture and music they shared overseas. These arts must have inspired the generations that followed in ancient India. 3⃣Dahwa archaeological site tunes us into how music bonded Harappan communities—and how instruments like cymbals harmonized them with ancient Omanis. Dahwa also suggests Harappans may have practiced votive offerings and built community temples.

Tapesh Yadav

70,611 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Kazakhstan, believed to be birthplace of apple and also thought to be land where man first tamed wild horse. Alan Outram, a British archaeologist from University of Exeter, stated that his research team had discovered evidence that pushed back earliest signs of widespread riding and milking of horses by 1000 to 2000 years from previous estimates. The excavated remains of horses from Botai region of northern Kazakhstan. Radiocarbon dating established that these remains were around 5,500 years old – a period far earlier than Old Kingdom of Egypt or ancient Sumerian culture of Mesopotamia and even before the Mohenjo-Daro civilization of modern Pakistan. Teeth of these small steppe horses showed unmistakable evidence of having been subjected to bits – an indication that they were used either for riding or pulling carts. They also found broken pieces of pottery used by Botai culture that still contained elements of fat from horses and their milk. This was clear evidence that steppe horses were already being used at this early date to provide both meat and milk – substances which remain prized in Kazakh cuisine and culture today. Researchers also found that horse bones they excavated were slender – a sure sign throughout history of domesticated and carefully bred horses, not of wild ones that had not been subjected to controlled and selective breeding. Outram’s discoveries are also consistent with a wider emerging body of evidence that many of key developments in human civilization and agriculture took place across vast steppes of heartland of Asia, and not just in river valleys of Middle East and southern and Eastern Asia, as archaeologists for so long assumed. Archaeologists have discovered evidence of towns and therefore of urban civilization, in territories of modern Kazakhstan far earlier than experts previously assumed. This uncovered that horse was domesticated in Asian steppes at least 3100 to 3600 years ago in Botai region – a period of time parallel with New Kingdom of Egypt and Minoan Empire of ancient Crete. Early findings uncovered primitive tools for working leather that suggested, first, that cattle were being domesticated to provide leather and hides and, second, that leather was being worked to make harnesses that could only have been used on horses, not cattle. Outram team was surprised by amount of confirmation they actually uncovered and, most of all, by the far earlier dates that their data belonged to. New finds also suggest that traditional practices of ancient Kazakh tribes – eating meat of their horses and drinking their milk as well as using them for transportation – go back thousands of years to the dawn of civilization. They also suggest that spirit of innovation and technology in ancient history did not come only from towns and densely populated river valley cultures on rims of Africa and Asia, but also from heart of “grass ocean” of steppe. Though larger world’s discovery of Kazakhstan’s early domestication of horse is recent, Kazakh scholars have long argued that their homeland was origin of taming of horse. Location, climatic and environmental demands of steppe life would have logically focused the ingenuity and expertise of its people in this direction as essential skills to their survival. Latest findings confirm these long held local beliefs. Popularity and significance of horse in Kazakh culture today remains strong. New hippodromes or racetracks have opened in Almaty, nation’s largest city and in Kazakhstan’s new capital Astana. Equestrian sports centers have sprung up and horse trekking in nation’s national parks and mountains are popular pastimes. Kazakhstan has emerged from mists of history as both the most modern and ancient of nations along fabled Silk Road. And its long-cherished equestrian culture has now revealed to have provided a giant gallop forward for human progress. 🎥© adilet_rakhmetolla (IG) © National Geographic Magazine #archaeohistories
0:18

Kazakhstan, believed to be birthplace of apple and also thought to be land where man first tamed wild horse. Alan Outram, a British archaeologist from University of Exeter, stated that his research team had discovered evidence that pushed back earliest signs of widespread riding and milking of horses by 1000 to 2000 years from previous estimates. The excavated remains of horses from Botai region of northern Kazakhstan. Radiocarbon dating established that these remains were around 5,500 years old – a period far earlier than Old Kingdom of Egypt or ancient Sumerian culture of Mesopotamia and even before the Mohenjo-Daro civilization of modern Pakistan. Teeth of these small steppe horses showed unmistakable evidence of having been subjected to bits – an indication that they were used either for riding or pulling carts. They also found broken pieces of pottery used by Botai culture that still contained elements of fat from horses and their milk. This was clear evidence that steppe horses were already being used at this early date to provide both meat and milk – substances which remain prized in Kazakh cuisine and culture today. Researchers also found that horse bones they excavated were slender – a sure sign throughout history of domesticated and carefully bred horses, not of wild ones that had not been subjected to controlled and selective breeding. Outram’s discoveries are also consistent with a wider emerging body of evidence that many of key developments in human civilization and agriculture took place across vast steppes of heartland of Asia, and not just in river valleys of Middle East and southern and Eastern Asia, as archaeologists for so long assumed. Archaeologists have discovered evidence of towns and therefore of urban civilization, in territories of modern Kazakhstan far earlier than experts previously assumed. This uncovered that horse was domesticated in Asian steppes at least 3100 to 3600 years ago in Botai region – a period of time parallel with New Kingdom of Egypt and Minoan Empire of ancient Crete. Early findings uncovered primitive tools for working leather that suggested, first, that cattle were being domesticated to provide leather and hides and, second, that leather was being worked to make harnesses that could only have been used on horses, not cattle. Outram team was surprised by amount of confirmation they actually uncovered and, most of all, by the far earlier dates that their data belonged to. New finds also suggest that traditional practices of ancient Kazakh tribes – eating meat of their horses and drinking their milk as well as using them for transportation – go back thousands of years to the dawn of civilization. They also suggest that spirit of innovation and technology in ancient history did not come only from towns and densely populated river valley cultures on rims of Africa and Asia, but also from heart of “grass ocean” of steppe. Though larger world’s discovery of Kazakhstan’s early domestication of horse is recent, Kazakh scholars have long argued that their homeland was origin of taming of horse. Location, climatic and environmental demands of steppe life would have logically focused the ingenuity and expertise of its people in this direction as essential skills to their survival. Latest findings confirm these long held local beliefs. Popularity and significance of horse in Kazakh culture today remains strong. New hippodromes or racetracks have opened in Almaty, nation’s largest city and in Kazakhstan’s new capital Astana. Equestrian sports centers have sprung up and horse trekking in nation’s national parks and mountains are popular pastimes. Kazakhstan has emerged from mists of history as both the most modern and ancient of nations along fabled Silk Road. And its long-cherished equestrian culture has now revealed to have provided a giant gallop forward for human progress. 🎥© adilet_rakhmetolla (IG) © National Geographic Magazine #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

646,187 просмотров • 2 лет назад

I use Flot AI because I’m tired of thinking about prompts. Not because I don’t know how — but because I don’t want to stop my work just to phrase things perfectly. Most AI tools still expect you to: pause, think, rewrite the question, tweak the prompt. Flot AI doesn’t. It already has strong built-in prompts for everyday work: rewriting, polishing, translating, summarizing. I just select what I’m working on and ask — no prompt engineering, no overthinking. The best part is that it works in place. Emails, docs, articles — I stay where I am, get the result, keep going. When AI stops demanding “better prompts,” it finally becomes what it should be:a quiet assistant, not another task.
0:17

I use Flot AI because I’m tired of thinking about prompts. Not because I don’t know how — but because I don’t want to stop my work just to phrase things perfectly. Most AI tools still expect you to: pause, think, rewrite the question, tweak the prompt. Flot AI doesn’t. It already has strong built-in prompts for everyday work: rewriting, polishing, translating, summarizing. I just select what I’m working on and ask — no prompt engineering, no overthinking. The best part is that it works in place. Emails, docs, articles — I stay where I am, get the result, keep going. When AI stops demanding “better prompts,” it finally becomes what it should be:a quiet assistant, not another task.

Pushpendra Tripathi

88,774 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад