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Mount Semeru’s eruption caused extensive damage from volcanic flows, rocks, sand, and debris. The government declared a 7-day emergency response.📍 Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. (Nov 20) Hot ash, rocks, lava, and gas traveled 13 km (8 miles) down its slopes, with an ash column 2 km (1.2 miles) high.

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51,131 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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Mount Semeru in East Java, Indonesia, erupted violently on Nov 19, sending pyroclastic flows 7-8.5 km and ash clouds 2 km high. Over 300 residents evacuated from Lumajang Regency; several injured. Around 178 hikers safe at Ranu Kumbolo. Alert level highest; damage from ashfall widespread.
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Mount Semeru in East Java, Indonesia, erupted violently on Nov 19, sending pyroclastic flows 7-8.5 km and ash clouds 2 km high. Over 300 residents evacuated from Lumajang Regency; several injured. Around 178 hikers safe at Ranu Kumbolo. Alert level highest; damage from ashfall widespread.

GeoTechWar

13,948 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki in the East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia erupted today with an observed ash column height of ± 2000m above the peak. Communities around Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and visitors/tourists should not carry out any activities within a radius of 5 km from the eruption centre of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and the Southwest - Northeast sector as far as 6 km.
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Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki in the East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia erupted today with an observed ash column height of ± 2000m above the peak. Communities around Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and visitors/tourists should not carry out any activities within a radius of 5 km from the eruption centre of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki and the Southwest - Northeast sector as far as 6 km.

Volcaholic 🌋

51,242 просмотров • 1 год назад

🔴 DOST-PHIVOLCS is now raising the alert status of Mayon Volcano from Alert Level 2 to Alert Level 3. Mayon Volcano is showing signs of a magmatic eruption at its summit lava dome. This raises the risk of lava flows, dangerous pyroclastic flows, and hot, glowing lava rocks rolling down the upper and middle slopes, with the possibility of explosive activity in the coming days or weeks. 📍 Philippines
1:03

🔴 DOST-PHIVOLCS is now raising the alert status of Mayon Volcano from Alert Level 2 to Alert Level 3. Mayon Volcano is showing signs of a magmatic eruption at its summit lava dome. This raises the risk of lava flows, dangerous pyroclastic flows, and hot, glowing lava rocks rolling down the upper and middle slopes, with the possibility of explosive activity in the coming days or weeks. 📍 Philippines

Volcaholic 🌋

20,985 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

BREAKING: Kīlauea’s is erupting RIGHT NOW! This is the 34th eruption from the Halemaʻumaʻu crater; lava fountains are reaching 330 feet high – taller than a football field! The activity began with smaller gas-driven spurts around 12:53 a.m. HST, but has since intensified. The lava fountains are now leaning northeast. All activity is contained in the park. Northeast winds are pushing volcanic gas and material, like ash and Pele's hair (stands of volcanic gas) up to 20 miles to the southwest. That could affect communities like Pahala and Nāʻālehu; don't turn your windshield wipers on, as small glass filaments scraped against your glass windshield could cause damage. The small glass particulates and ash could cause skin and eye irritation too. The volcano is also pumping out up to 50,000 tons of sulfur dioxide a day. That could create vog (volcanic smog) and result in additional respiratory issues downwind. We don't expect lava flows to be an issue, and lava should remain in the caldera. The December 2024 eruption was a short one, lasting about a day.
1:30

BREAKING: Kīlauea’s is erupting RIGHT NOW! This is the 34th eruption from the Halemaʻumaʻu crater; lava fountains are reaching 330 feet high – taller than a football field! The activity began with smaller gas-driven spurts around 12:53 a.m. HST, but has since intensified. The lava fountains are now leaning northeast. All activity is contained in the park. Northeast winds are pushing volcanic gas and material, like ash and Pele's hair (stands of volcanic gas) up to 20 miles to the southwest. That could affect communities like Pahala and Nāʻālehu; don't turn your windshield wipers on, as small glass filaments scraped against your glass windshield could cause damage. The small glass particulates and ash could cause skin and eye irritation too. The volcano is also pumping out up to 50,000 tons of sulfur dioxide a day. That could create vog (volcanic smog) and result in additional respiratory issues downwind. We don't expect lava flows to be an issue, and lava should remain in the caldera. The December 2024 eruption was a short one, lasting about a day.

MyRadar Weather

18,137 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

This afternoon, a lahar from Mount Semeru reached residential areas in Lumajang, East Java. As you can see in the video, it can look like cement or carry huge boulders. It also kicks up ash which can cause breathing difficulties and poor visibility. A lahar is a fast‑moving debris‑ and water‑filled flow (volcanic material) that travels down the slopes of a volcano - essentially a “volcanic mudflow.” The timing can vary widely - from days to weeks, even months or years after the eruption - depending on how quickly rain or other water sources remobilize the loose material.
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This afternoon, a lahar from Mount Semeru reached residential areas in Lumajang, East Java. As you can see in the video, it can look like cement or carry huge boulders. It also kicks up ash which can cause breathing difficulties and poor visibility. A lahar is a fast‑moving debris‑ and water‑filled flow (volcanic material) that travels down the slopes of a volcano - essentially a “volcanic mudflow.” The timing can vary widely - from days to weeks, even months or years after the eruption - depending on how quickly rain or other water sources remobilize the loose material.

Volcaholic 🌋

96,812 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

Amazing video of Mt Merapi in March 2023 producing a pyroclastic flow (or PDC “Pyroclastic Density Current”) A pyroclastic flow (Or PDC) is a fast-moving and extremely dangerous volcanic phenomenon. It is a mixture of hot gases, volcanic ash, and other volcanic fragments, such as rocks and lava, that can flow down the slopes of a volcano at high speeds, reaching velocities of over 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour). Pyroclastic flows are a result of explosive volcanic eruptions, where large amounts of gas and volcanic material are ejected into the atmosphere. As this mixture cools and falls back to the ground, it forms the dense, rapidly moving pyroclastic flow. These flows are immensely destructive and can travel for several kilometers, engulfing everything in their path. They can burn, crush, and asphyxiate everything in their way, causing devastating damage to the surrounding landscape, wildlife, and human settlements. Due to their high speed and extreme heat, pyroclastic flows are particularly hazardous, and anyone caught in their path is unlikely to survive. Therefore, they pose a significant threat to areas close to active volcanoes, and it's essential to have evacuation plans and warning systems in place to protect communities from this hazardous volcanic phenomenon. #Merapi #volcano #gunung #erupsi #Indonesia #Java
1:29

Amazing video of Mt Merapi in March 2023 producing a pyroclastic flow (or PDC “Pyroclastic Density Current”) A pyroclastic flow (Or PDC) is a fast-moving and extremely dangerous volcanic phenomenon. It is a mixture of hot gases, volcanic ash, and other volcanic fragments, such as rocks and lava, that can flow down the slopes of a volcano at high speeds, reaching velocities of over 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour). Pyroclastic flows are a result of explosive volcanic eruptions, where large amounts of gas and volcanic material are ejected into the atmosphere. As this mixture cools and falls back to the ground, it forms the dense, rapidly moving pyroclastic flow. These flows are immensely destructive and can travel for several kilometers, engulfing everything in their path. They can burn, crush, and asphyxiate everything in their way, causing devastating damage to the surrounding landscape, wildlife, and human settlements. Due to their high speed and extreme heat, pyroclastic flows are particularly hazardous, and anyone caught in their path is unlikely to survive. Therefore, they pose a significant threat to areas close to active volcanoes, and it's essential to have evacuation plans and warning systems in place to protect communities from this hazardous volcanic phenomenon. #Merapi #volcano #gunung #erupsi #Indonesia #Java

Volcaholic 🌋

38,974 просмотров • 2 лет назад

Video of a big lahar coming off Mt Semeru, Indonesia today, just a couple of days after its massive eruption. You can see it flowing down a channel, exactly what these paths are designed for to protect villages. The lahar travelled 13 kilometres from the summit of Java's highest mountain A lahar is a fast-moving mix of ash, rock, and water. Indonesians call it “banjir lahar dingin,” often translated as “cold lava flood,” even though it’s not lava, just volcanic debris in motion. It was caused by moderate-to-high rainfall around Mount Semeru.
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Video of a big lahar coming off Mt Semeru, Indonesia today, just a couple of days after its massive eruption. You can see it flowing down a channel, exactly what these paths are designed for to protect villages. The lahar travelled 13 kilometres from the summit of Java's highest mountain A lahar is a fast-moving mix of ash, rock, and water. Indonesians call it “banjir lahar dingin,” often translated as “cold lava flood,” even though it’s not lava, just volcanic debris in motion. It was caused by moderate-to-high rainfall around Mount Semeru.

Volcaholic 🌋

101,249 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

Debris rains down from an emergency services building in Cali, Colombia, as a powerful 7.4 magnitude earthquake rocks the region. Pieces of the structure crash onto ambulances parked outside while bystanders scramble away from the building. Colombia's geological service says the quake struck at a depth of 96 km, about 60 miles. The country's disaster management agency is now working with local authorities to assess potential damage.
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Debris rains down from an emergency services building in Cali, Colombia, as a powerful 7.4 magnitude earthquake rocks the region. Pieces of the structure crash onto ambulances parked outside while bystanders scramble away from the building. Colombia's geological service says the quake struck at a depth of 96 km, about 60 miles. The country's disaster management agency is now working with local authorities to assess potential damage.

Fox News

214,812 просмотров • 8 часов назад

🌋 Evacuations begin in Guatemala as Fuego volcano erupts The volcano is spewing huge clouds of gas and ash, while lava and pyroclastic flows race down its slopes. Residents of two nearby communities are being evacuated, and authorities have declared an orange alert. A major highway near the volcano has been closed, and classes have been suspended in surrounding towns. Ashfall is also expected in nearby areas. During a major eruption of Fuego in 2018, hundreds of people were killed and an entire village was destroyed.
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🌋 Evacuations begin in Guatemala as Fuego volcano erupts The volcano is spewing huge clouds of gas and ash, while lava and pyroclastic flows race down its slopes. Residents of two nearby communities are being evacuated, and authorities have declared an orange alert. A major highway near the volcano has been closed, and classes have been suspended in surrounding towns. Ashfall is also expected in nearby areas. During a major eruption of Fuego in 2018, hundreds of people were killed and an entire village was destroyed.

NEXTA

22,479 просмотров • 5 дней назад

KILAUEA JUST UNLEASHED A VOLCANIC TORNADO 🌋🌪️ Just minutes ago, an extraordinary vortex formed directly above a powerful lava fountain erupting from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaii. As molten lava blasted skyward, a rapidly spinning column of ash, gas, and volcanic debris suddenly developed within the eruption, creating a scene that looked almost impossible to believe. The towering vortex appeared to twist and dance above the vent while glowing lava continued to surge from below, producing one of the most dramatic volcanic moments captured so far during this eruption. Events like this are rarely witnessed and even more rarely caught on video. Video captured June 14, 2026 by MrMBB333. 👇 Have you ever seen a volcano create its own tornado? #MrMBB333 #Kilauea #Volcano #Hawaii #VolcanicTornado
0:44

KILAUEA JUST UNLEASHED A VOLCANIC TORNADO 🌋🌪️ Just minutes ago, an extraordinary vortex formed directly above a powerful lava fountain erupting from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaii. As molten lava blasted skyward, a rapidly spinning column of ash, gas, and volcanic debris suddenly developed within the eruption, creating a scene that looked almost impossible to believe. The towering vortex appeared to twist and dance above the vent while glowing lava continued to surge from below, producing one of the most dramatic volcanic moments captured so far during this eruption. Events like this are rarely witnessed and even more rarely caught on video. Video captured June 14, 2026 by MrMBB333. 👇 Have you ever seen a volcano create its own tornado? #MrMBB333 #Kilauea #Volcano #Hawaii #VolcanicTornado

Michael Bradbury

31,612 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

#BREAKING Volcanic Eruption: Lewotobi Laki-Laki Click on video and sound up 🔊 On July 7, 2025, at 11:05 AM (Indonesia time), the Lewotobi Laki-Laki volcano, located in Southeast Nusa Tenggara, erupted. The eruption produced an ash column reaching 18,000 meters above the summit, or around 19,584 meters above sea level. The ash was gray to black in color, appeared very thick, and was blown toward the north, northeast, and northwest by the wind. The eruption was recorded on a seismograph with a maximum amplitude of 47.3 mm and lasted for 6 minutes and 26 seconds. The eruption was also accompanied by loud explosive sounds and hot clouds (pyroclastic flows) that reached up to 5 kilometers to the north and northeast of the volcano. People living nearby are advised to stay cautious and follow instructions from local authorities.
2:18

#BREAKING Volcanic Eruption: Lewotobi Laki-Laki Click on video and sound up 🔊 On July 7, 2025, at 11:05 AM (Indonesia time), the Lewotobi Laki-Laki volcano, located in Southeast Nusa Tenggara, erupted. The eruption produced an ash column reaching 18,000 meters above the summit, or around 19,584 meters above sea level. The ash was gray to black in color, appeared very thick, and was blown toward the north, northeast, and northwest by the wind. The eruption was recorded on a seismograph with a maximum amplitude of 47.3 mm and lasted for 6 minutes and 26 seconds. The eruption was also accompanied by loud explosive sounds and hot clouds (pyroclastic flows) that reached up to 5 kilometers to the north and northeast of the volcano. People living nearby are advised to stay cautious and follow instructions from local authorities.

Volcaholic 🌋

123,454 просмотров • 1 год назад

#SciOTD 𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗕𝗢 𝗘𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗡 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗬 On this day in 1991, as the Philippines commemorated Independence Day, Pinatubo Volcano had its first major eruption, sending an ash column up to nearly 24 km high! Nearly 48 hours after the government raised the alarm and Clark Airbase evacuated, Pinatubo unleashed its first major fury, proving that the warnings were right. Scientists call this the 'throat-clearing' phase of Pinatubo, which preceded its largest eruption on June 15. Here's a video excerpt from the documentary 𝗠𝗧. 𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗕𝗢 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟭: 𝗜𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗼 (𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟯), showing the scenes on the ground during the 12 June 1991 eruption of the volcano. #Kalayaan2026 #Pinatubo
3:58

#SciOTD 𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗕𝗢 𝗘𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗡 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗬 On this day in 1991, as the Philippines commemorated Independence Day, Pinatubo Volcano had its first major eruption, sending an ash column up to nearly 24 km high! Nearly 48 hours after the government raised the alarm and Clark Airbase evacuated, Pinatubo unleashed its first major fury, proving that the warnings were right. Scientists call this the 'throat-clearing' phase of Pinatubo, which preceded its largest eruption on June 15. Here's a video excerpt from the documentary 𝗠𝗧. 𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗕𝗢 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟭: 𝗜𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗼𝗹𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗼 (𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟯), showing the scenes on the ground during the 12 June 1991 eruption of the volcano. #Kalayaan2026 #Pinatubo

ScienceKonek

12,334 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Mount Sakurajima erupts in Japan — ash blankets an entire city The Sakurajima volcano in Japan sent a column of ash up to 3,500 meters into the sky. It’s already the 15th eruption since the start of the year. Hot rocks were thrown nearly 2 kilometers from the crater, while the city of Kagoshima was covered in heavy ashfall. Residents report burning eyes and breathing problems. According to them, the streets look like they’ve been covered in gray snow. Authorities have raised the alert to level three and urged people to stay indoors. Sakurajima is considered one of the most active volcanoes in Japan.
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Mount Sakurajima erupts in Japan — ash blankets an entire city The Sakurajima volcano in Japan sent a column of ash up to 3,500 meters into the sky. It’s already the 15th eruption since the start of the year. Hot rocks were thrown nearly 2 kilometers from the crater, while the city of Kagoshima was covered in heavy ashfall. Residents report burning eyes and breathing problems. According to them, the streets look like they’ve been covered in gray snow. Authorities have raised the alert to level three and urged people to stay indoors. Sakurajima is considered one of the most active volcanoes in Japan.

NEXTA

36,483 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

Here are some other views of Kīlauea summit eruption lava fountaining episode 38 in Halema‘uma‘u crater on the Island of Hawai‘i, and answers to some of your questions about this activity. This eruptive episode began from the north vent at about 8:45 am HST this morning, December 6. Smaller fountains began from the south vent at 8:49 am HST and quickly grew to over 1000 feet (300 meters) high and inclined to the south, towards a closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. At 9:55 a.m., hot tephra falling from this fountain destroyed the V3 streaming camera site located within less than a mile (2,000 ft/500 m) from the eruptive vents; its burial highlights the hazardous nature of this closed area. The north vent stopped erupting at 11:50 a.m., but the south vent is still fountaining as of this posting. In addition to the tephra, volcanic gas is being emitted, with sulfur dioxide emission rates likely exceeding 50,000 tonnes per day. The high effusion rate of this episode is also producing a very dramatic plume extending over 20,000 feet above sea level. Both the National Weather Service and Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center issued special advisories about this plume, and the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency issued a message about the potential for fine glass particles in communities downwind. Kīlauea's recent eruptive episodes have gone on for 5-9 hours; this episode has been active for about 4.5 hours now. The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff are closely monitoring this activity, coordinating with partners at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency. #Kilauea #lava #eruption
1:09

Here are some other views of Kīlauea summit eruption lava fountaining episode 38 in Halema‘uma‘u crater on the Island of Hawai‘i, and answers to some of your questions about this activity. This eruptive episode began from the north vent at about 8:45 am HST this morning, December 6. Smaller fountains began from the south vent at 8:49 am HST and quickly grew to over 1000 feet (300 meters) high and inclined to the south, towards a closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. At 9:55 a.m., hot tephra falling from this fountain destroyed the V3 streaming camera site located within less than a mile (2,000 ft/500 m) from the eruptive vents; its burial highlights the hazardous nature of this closed area. The north vent stopped erupting at 11:50 a.m., but the south vent is still fountaining as of this posting. In addition to the tephra, volcanic gas is being emitted, with sulfur dioxide emission rates likely exceeding 50,000 tonnes per day. The high effusion rate of this episode is also producing a very dramatic plume extending over 20,000 feet above sea level. Both the National Weather Service and Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center issued special advisories about this plume, and the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency issued a message about the potential for fine glass particles in communities downwind. Kīlauea's recent eruptive episodes have gone on for 5-9 hours; this episode has been active for about 4.5 hours now. The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory staff are closely monitoring this activity, coordinating with partners at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency. #Kilauea #lava #eruption

USGS Volcanoes🌋

217,934 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

Violent protests break out in Tanzania's🇹🇿 biggest city, Dar es Salaam, on Wednesday during an election day. Hundreds of protesters have been marching towards the Selander Bridge that leads to Dar es Salaam's centre while laying barricades on major highways. Viral videos of young Tanzanians protesters throwing rocks at security forces and a petrol station in flames are circulating on social media. Protesters lit fires on roads, vandalised buses, and caused extensive damage to bus terminals and other public infrastructure demanding for electoral reforms, and free political activity. The police are responding by using tear gas to disperse protesters in another part of the city. President Samia Suluhu Hassan's government has moved with speed to implement a digital blackout and subsequently cut nationwide internet connectivity even as violence rocks several parts of the country, live network data from NetBlocks show. Hassan, one of only two female heads of state in Africa, won plaudits after coming to power in 2021 for easing repression of political opponents and censorship that proliferated under her predecessor, John Magufuli, who died in office. But in the last two years, rights campaigners and opposition candidates have accused the government of unexplained abductions of its critics. Source: Reuters, BBC News (UK), NetBlocks.
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Violent protests break out in Tanzania's🇹🇿 biggest city, Dar es Salaam, on Wednesday during an election day. Hundreds of protesters have been marching towards the Selander Bridge that leads to Dar es Salaam's centre while laying barricades on major highways. Viral videos of young Tanzanians protesters throwing rocks at security forces and a petrol station in flames are circulating on social media. Protesters lit fires on roads, vandalised buses, and caused extensive damage to bus terminals and other public infrastructure demanding for electoral reforms, and free political activity. The police are responding by using tear gas to disperse protesters in another part of the city. President Samia Suluhu Hassan's government has moved with speed to implement a digital blackout and subsequently cut nationwide internet connectivity even as violence rocks several parts of the country, live network data from NetBlocks show. Hassan, one of only two female heads of state in Africa, won plaudits after coming to power in 2021 for easing repression of political opponents and censorship that proliferated under her predecessor, John Magufuli, who died in office. But in the last two years, rights campaigners and opposition candidates have accused the government of unexplained abductions of its critics. Source: Reuters, BBC News (UK), NetBlocks.

Kennedy Wandera

46,953 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Today, a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Myanmar caused embarrassment for a Chinese construction company! The only entire building that collapsed in Bangkok was the nearly completed Thailand Audit Office building, constructed by China Railway No. 10 Engineering Group Urban Construction Company. It was the company's first overseas super high-rise project, yet it was brought down in just five seconds by aftershocks from an epicenter 341 miles (550 km) away! Thai netizens were also shocked! It was reported that in Bangkok, at least three people were killed in the building collapse and 90 were missing. At least two of the dead were construction workers who were killed by falling rubble or debris. The building was being built by the China Railway Construction Corporation for Thailand’s government auditor general
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Today, a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Myanmar caused embarrassment for a Chinese construction company! The only entire building that collapsed in Bangkok was the nearly completed Thailand Audit Office building, constructed by China Railway No. 10 Engineering Group Urban Construction Company. It was the company's first overseas super high-rise project, yet it was brought down in just five seconds by aftershocks from an epicenter 341 miles (550 km) away! Thai netizens were also shocked! It was reported that in Bangkok, at least three people were killed in the building collapse and 90 were missing. At least two of the dead were construction workers who were killed by falling rubble or debris. The building was being built by the China Railway Construction Corporation for Thailand’s government auditor general

Inconvenient Truths — Jennifer Zeng Reports

189,266 просмотров • 1 год назад

2034 Earth–Venus–Mars opportunity looks promising. 10–15 on-orbit refueling operations may be needed to make a crewed ship full. Most can be done at an altitude of 180–200 km, made possible by Starship’s size. The final refueling may be performed at a higher altitude of ~2000 km, just below the Van Allen belt. Earth departure on 2034-08-21 from 2000 km orbit. A Trans-Venus Injection burn of ~3.7 km/s will place the ship on an Earth–Venus–Earth free-return trajectory. Venus flyby is expected on 2034-12-19, 120 days after departure. Two weeks before the encounter, if the mission proceeds as planned, a 25-m/s maneuver will shift the trajectory from Earth-return to Mars-bound. If not, the ship will free return to Earth in September 2035. The Venus gravity assist will send the ship into another Earth free-return trajectory, with Mars flyby around 2035-06-02. One week before reaching Mars, a system health check will determine whether to commit to Mars Orbit Insertion. If it’s GO, a small 10-m/s manuever will put the ship to less than 100 km altitude periapsis. Otherwise, a Mars flyby will lead to an Earth return in May 2036. The ship will enter the Martian atmosphere at about 9.4 km/s, performing an aerobrake to slow to 4.88 km/s and capture into a 100x140000 km, 7-day period high elliptical orbit. At apoapsis, a 50-m/s plane change will align the inclination with Mars’ equator, followed by additional aerobraking to remove about 650 m/s of velocity, placing the spacecraft in a 120x6128 km orbit. A 550-m/s burn at 6128 km altitude will then adjust the trajectory into Phobos orbit. The ship will stay at Phobos for about 7 days. The Mars–Phobos L1 point is only about two miles above Phobos’ surface, and Mars would dominate nearly half the sky, appearing about 80 times larger than the Moon from Earth. The ship will depart for Deimos afterward. Two burns totaling roughly 750 m/s will transfer the ship from Phobos to Deimos. And the ship will stay at Deimos for 7 days more. From Deimos, the ship will raise its apoapsis to form a 20000x140000 km altitude, 7-day orbit, requiring about 420 m/s of delta-v. At apogee, a 50-m/s burn will adjust inclination and lower periapsis to ~500 km for final Trans-Earth Injection. If time and propellant allow, the orbit can be aligned to a polar inclination for Mars ice-cap observations before departure. A Trans-Earth Injection burn at 500 km altitude, requiring 1.5–1.6 km/s of delta-v in early July 2035. If departure on the first days in July, Earth arrival is expected in December 2035. If missed that window, a March 2036 arrival may look more feasible. Nominal mission duration: 490 days, with 30 days in Mars orbit and 14 days at Phobos and Deimos. Two planets, two moons for 3.7+0.025+0.010+0.05+0.42+0.55+0.75+1.55=7.06 km/s Δv
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2034 Earth–Venus–Mars opportunity looks promising. 10–15 on-orbit refueling operations may be needed to make a crewed ship full. Most can be done at an altitude of 180–200 km, made possible by Starship’s size. The final refueling may be performed at a higher altitude of ~2000 km, just below the Van Allen belt. Earth departure on 2034-08-21 from 2000 km orbit. A Trans-Venus Injection burn of ~3.7 km/s will place the ship on an Earth–Venus–Earth free-return trajectory. Venus flyby is expected on 2034-12-19, 120 days after departure. Two weeks before the encounter, if the mission proceeds as planned, a 25-m/s maneuver will shift the trajectory from Earth-return to Mars-bound. If not, the ship will free return to Earth in September 2035. The Venus gravity assist will send the ship into another Earth free-return trajectory, with Mars flyby around 2035-06-02. One week before reaching Mars, a system health check will determine whether to commit to Mars Orbit Insertion. If it’s GO, a small 10-m/s manuever will put the ship to less than 100 km altitude periapsis. Otherwise, a Mars flyby will lead to an Earth return in May 2036. The ship will enter the Martian atmosphere at about 9.4 km/s, performing an aerobrake to slow to 4.88 km/s and capture into a 100x140000 km, 7-day period high elliptical orbit. At apoapsis, a 50-m/s plane change will align the inclination with Mars’ equator, followed by additional aerobraking to remove about 650 m/s of velocity, placing the spacecraft in a 120x6128 km orbit. A 550-m/s burn at 6128 km altitude will then adjust the trajectory into Phobos orbit. The ship will stay at Phobos for about 7 days. The Mars–Phobos L1 point is only about two miles above Phobos’ surface, and Mars would dominate nearly half the sky, appearing about 80 times larger than the Moon from Earth. The ship will depart for Deimos afterward. Two burns totaling roughly 750 m/s will transfer the ship from Phobos to Deimos. And the ship will stay at Deimos for 7 days more. From Deimos, the ship will raise its apoapsis to form a 20000x140000 km altitude, 7-day orbit, requiring about 420 m/s of delta-v. At apogee, a 50-m/s burn will adjust inclination and lower periapsis to ~500 km for final Trans-Earth Injection. If time and propellant allow, the orbit can be aligned to a polar inclination for Mars ice-cap observations before departure. A Trans-Earth Injection burn at 500 km altitude, requiring 1.5–1.6 km/s of delta-v in early July 2035. If departure on the first days in July, Earth arrival is expected in December 2035. If missed that window, a March 2036 arrival may look more feasible. Nominal mission duration: 490 days, with 30 days in Mars orbit and 14 days at Phobos and Deimos. Two planets, two moons for 3.7+0.025+0.010+0.05+0.42+0.55+0.75+1.55=7.06 km/s Δv

Chun

225,068 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

Pompeii - their last days began on Aug. 24, 79 AD, day after Roman holiday of Volcanalia, dedicated to the god of fire. At noon Mount Vesuvius roared to life, spewing ash hundreds of feet into the air for 18 hours straight. The choking ash rained down on the cities in the surrounding countryside, filling courtyards, blocking doors, and collapsing roofs. In the only known eyewitness account to the eruption, Pliny the Younger reported on his uncle’s ill-fated foray into the thick of the ash from Misenum, on the north end of the bay: ... the buildings were now shaking with violent shocks, and seemed to be swaying to and fro as if they were torn from their foundations. Outside, on the other hand, there was the danger of failing pumice stones, even though these were light and porous; however, after comparing the risks they chose the latter. In my uncle’s case one reason outweighed the other, but for the others it was a choice of fears. As a protection against falling objects they put pillows on their heads tied down with cloths. And then: “You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness for evermore.” The next morning the cone of the volcano collapsed, triggering a hundred-mile-an-hour avalanche of mud and ash that flooded Pompeii, just a little over 5 miles away, destroying everything in its path. Pompeii and its smaller neighboring village of Herculaneum disappeared, and were only discovered by accident during the construction of Charles of Bourbon’s palace in 1738. Miraculously, the two cities were nearly perfectly preserved under layers of ash. About three-quarters of Pompeii’s 165 acres have been excavated, and some 1,150 bodies have been discovered out of about 2,000 thought to have died in the city when it was destroyed. This means that the vast majority of the city of 20,000 fled at the first signs of the volcanic activity. Those that did not flee the city of Pompeii in August of 79 AD were doomed. Buried for 1,700 years under 30 feet of mud and ash and reduced by the centuries to skeletons, they remained entombed until excavations took place in the early 19th Century. The plaster casts of the men, women, children, and animals of Pompeii were primarily made in the mid-1800s. The building they were originally housed in suffered extensive damage in World War II, and they are now located in several places around the city. As excavators continued to uncover human remains, they noticed that the skeletons were surrounded by voids in the compacted ash. By carefully pouring plaster of Paris into the spaces, the final poses, clothing, and faces of the last residents of Pompeii came to life. Antiquarium, near the Forum, once held most of the plaster casts. It was damaged during Allied bombing in 1943, and has been closed since 1978 for restoration. The Garden of the Fugitives holds the largest number of victims found in one place, where 13 people sought refuge in a fruit orchard. Nine sets of remains were found at the House of Mysteries, where the roof collapsed, trapping them inside. One plaster cast can be seen inside the Caupona Pherusa tavern. The Stabian Thermal baths and the Macellum (fish market) both house two plaster casts, and the Horrea (granary) and Olitorium (market) holds several more, including a pig, and what may be the most famous cast of all, of a small dog in a collar, writhing on its back. 🎥© History of the Romans #archaeohistories
1:28

Pompeii - their last days began on Aug. 24, 79 AD, day after Roman holiday of Volcanalia, dedicated to the god of fire. At noon Mount Vesuvius roared to life, spewing ash hundreds of feet into the air for 18 hours straight. The choking ash rained down on the cities in the surrounding countryside, filling courtyards, blocking doors, and collapsing roofs. In the only known eyewitness account to the eruption, Pliny the Younger reported on his uncle’s ill-fated foray into the thick of the ash from Misenum, on the north end of the bay: ... the buildings were now shaking with violent shocks, and seemed to be swaying to and fro as if they were torn from their foundations. Outside, on the other hand, there was the danger of failing pumice stones, even though these were light and porous; however, after comparing the risks they chose the latter. In my uncle’s case one reason outweighed the other, but for the others it was a choice of fears. As a protection against falling objects they put pillows on their heads tied down with cloths. And then: “You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness for evermore.” The next morning the cone of the volcano collapsed, triggering a hundred-mile-an-hour avalanche of mud and ash that flooded Pompeii, just a little over 5 miles away, destroying everything in its path. Pompeii and its smaller neighboring village of Herculaneum disappeared, and were only discovered by accident during the construction of Charles of Bourbon’s palace in 1738. Miraculously, the two cities were nearly perfectly preserved under layers of ash. About three-quarters of Pompeii’s 165 acres have been excavated, and some 1,150 bodies have been discovered out of about 2,000 thought to have died in the city when it was destroyed. This means that the vast majority of the city of 20,000 fled at the first signs of the volcanic activity. Those that did not flee the city of Pompeii in August of 79 AD were doomed. Buried for 1,700 years under 30 feet of mud and ash and reduced by the centuries to skeletons, they remained entombed until excavations took place in the early 19th Century. The plaster casts of the men, women, children, and animals of Pompeii were primarily made in the mid-1800s. The building they were originally housed in suffered extensive damage in World War II, and they are now located in several places around the city. As excavators continued to uncover human remains, they noticed that the skeletons were surrounded by voids in the compacted ash. By carefully pouring plaster of Paris into the spaces, the final poses, clothing, and faces of the last residents of Pompeii came to life. Antiquarium, near the Forum, once held most of the plaster casts. It was damaged during Allied bombing in 1943, and has been closed since 1978 for restoration. The Garden of the Fugitives holds the largest number of victims found in one place, where 13 people sought refuge in a fruit orchard. Nine sets of remains were found at the House of Mysteries, where the roof collapsed, trapping them inside. One plaster cast can be seen inside the Caupona Pherusa tavern. The Stabian Thermal baths and the Macellum (fish market) both house two plaster casts, and the Horrea (granary) and Olitorium (market) holds several more, including a pig, and what may be the most famous cast of all, of a small dog in a collar, writhing on its back. 🎥© History of the Romans #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

146,641 просмотров • 2 лет назад

🇹🇼 At least 263 people remain stranded in the town of Guangfu, Hualien County, Taiwan, after the sudden collapse and overflow of the Mataiyan Creek landslide dam on September 23, 2025, while another 75 people are confirmed trapped in isolated clusters, and two are missing. The water flow passed through the town, flooding roads, homes, and vehicles, and destroying a bridge over the Mataiyan River, one of the main local crossings. Local authorities reported severe damage to critical infrastructure, resulting in parts of the town being cut off and emergency access hindered by flooded debris. Rescue operations began immediately, with 15 firefighters and five boats dispatched to assist the victims. The deputy chief of the Hualien County Fire Department emphasized that most of the trapped residents "are not in immediate danger" but need evacuation due to rapidly changing water levels and service outages. Helicopter support is on standby as road access remains blocked. Taiwan's Minister of Transportation Chen Shikai is heading to the disaster site to oversee operations and assess the damage caused by the landslide and flooding. The Hualien County government has instructed all relevant agencies to coordinate rescue efforts, disaster response, and recovery. Heavy machinery has been mobilized to clear debris from access roads, and civil defense volunteers are helping distribute food rations to residents who cannot yet be evacuated. Some areas of Guangfu have reported power and water outages, complicating life for families sheltering on upper floors of houses and apartment buildings. Local reports describe how the landslide dam formed upstream and then suddenly burst, unleashing flows of mud, rocks, and water downstream without warning. The force of the water overwhelmed drainage systems, destroying streets and sweeping away parked cars.
0:45

🇹🇼 At least 263 people remain stranded in the town of Guangfu, Hualien County, Taiwan, after the sudden collapse and overflow of the Mataiyan Creek landslide dam on September 23, 2025, while another 75 people are confirmed trapped in isolated clusters, and two are missing. The water flow passed through the town, flooding roads, homes, and vehicles, and destroying a bridge over the Mataiyan River, one of the main local crossings. Local authorities reported severe damage to critical infrastructure, resulting in parts of the town being cut off and emergency access hindered by flooded debris. Rescue operations began immediately, with 15 firefighters and five boats dispatched to assist the victims. The deputy chief of the Hualien County Fire Department emphasized that most of the trapped residents "are not in immediate danger" but need evacuation due to rapidly changing water levels and service outages. Helicopter support is on standby as road access remains blocked. Taiwan's Minister of Transportation Chen Shikai is heading to the disaster site to oversee operations and assess the damage caused by the landslide and flooding. The Hualien County government has instructed all relevant agencies to coordinate rescue efforts, disaster response, and recovery. Heavy machinery has been mobilized to clear debris from access roads, and civil defense volunteers are helping distribute food rations to residents who cannot yet be evacuated. Some areas of Guangfu have reported power and water outages, complicating life for families sheltering on upper floors of houses and apartment buildings. Local reports describe how the landslide dam formed upstream and then suddenly burst, unleashing flows of mud, rocks, and water downstream without warning. The force of the water overwhelmed drainage systems, destroying streets and sweeping away parked cars.

Lord Bebo

22,394 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад