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New course: Document AI: From OCR to Agentic Doc Extraction, built with LandingAI, where I'm executive chairman, and taught by David Park and Andrea Kropp. Much of the world's data is locked in PDFs, JPEGs, and other documents. This short course shows you how to build agentic workflows that...

200,844 views • 8 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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Build better RAG by letting a team of agents extract and connect your reference materials into a knowledge graph. Our new short course, “Agentic Knowledge Graph Construction,” taught by Neo4j Innovation Lead Andreas Kollegger, shows you how. Knowledge graphs are an important way to store information accurately but they are a lot of work to build manually. In this course you’ll learn how to build a team of agents that turn data– in this case product reviews and invoices from suppliers–into structured graphs of entities and relationships for RAG. Learn how agents can automatically handle the time-consuming work of building graphs — extracting entities and relationships (e.g., Product "contains" Assembly, Part "supplied_by" Supplier, Customer review "mentions" Product), deduplicating them, fact-checking them, and committing them to a graph database — so your retrieval system can find right information to generate accurate output. For example, you can use agents to help trace customer complaints directly to specific suppliers, manufacturing processes, and product hierarchies, thus turning fragmented information into queryable business intelligence. Skills you’ll gain: - Build, store, and access knowledge graphs using the Neo4j graph database - Build multi-agent systems using Google’s Agent Development Kit (ADK) - Set up a loop of agentic workflows to propose and refine a graph schema through fact-checking - Connect agent-generated graphs of unstructured and structured data into a unified knowledge graph This course gets into the practicum of why knowledge graphs give more accurate information retrieval than vector search alone, especially for high-stakes applications where precision matters more than fuzzy similarity matching. Sign up here:

Andrew Ng

168,153 views • 1 year ago

Announcing a new Coursera course: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) You'll learn to build high performance, production-ready RAG systems in this hands-on, in-depth course created by and taught by , experienced AI and ML engineer, researcher, and educator. RAG is a critical component today of many LLM-based applications in customer support, internal company Q&A systems, even many of the leading chatbots that use web search to answer your questions. This course teaches you in-depth how to make RAG work well. LLMs can produce generic or outdated responses, especially when asked specialized questions not covered in its training data. RAG is the most widely used technique for addressing this. It brings in data from new data sources, such as internal documents or recent news, to give the LLM the relevant context to private, recent, or specialized information. This lets it generate more grounded and accurate responses. In this course, you’ll learn to design and implement every part of a RAG system, from retrievers to vector databases to generation to evals. You’ll learn about the fundamental principles behind RAG and how to optimize it at both the component and whole-system levels. As AI evolves, RAG is evolving too. New models can handle longer context windows, reason more effectively, and can be parts of complex agentic workflows. One exciting growth area is Agentic RAG, in which an AI agent at runtime (rather than it being hardcoded at development time) autonomously decides what data to retrieve, and when/how to go deeper. Even with this evolution, access to high-quality data at runtime is essential, which is why RAG is a key part of so many applications. You'll learn via hands-on experiences to: - Build a RAG system with retrieval and prompt augmentation - Compare retrieval methods like BM25, semantic search, and Reciprocal Rank Fusion - Chunk, index, and retrieve documents using a Weaviate vector database and a news dataset - Develop a chatbot, using open-source LLMs hosted by Together AI, for a fictional store that answers product and FAQ questions - Use evals to drive improving reliability, and incorporate multi-modal data RAG is an important foundational technique. Become good at it through this course! Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

124,656 views • 1 year ago

New short course: Serverless Agentic Workflows with Amazon Bedrock. Learn to build and deploy serverless agents in this course created with Amazon Web Services and taught by Mike G Chambers, a Senior Developer Advocate at AWS specializing in GenAI. (Disclosure: I serve on Amazon's board.) Generative AI applications are becoming more complex, sophisticated, and agentic. Agentic applications have workloads that can be hard to predict in advance -- for example, what tools will it decide to call? -- and a serverless architecture helps you efficiently providing on-demand resources. This course teaches you to build and deploy a serverless agentic application. You’ll learn to create agents with tools, code execution, and guardrails, and build responsible agents for business use cases: - Build a customer service bot for a fictional tea mug business that can answering questions, retrieve information, and process orders. - Connect your customer service agent to a CRM to get customer info and log support tickets in real-time. - Explore how you invoke the agent, and see the trace to review the agent’s thought process and observation loop until it reaches its final output. - Attach a code interpreter to your agent, giving it the ability to perform accurate calculations by writing and running its own Python code. - Implement guardrails to prevent your agent from revealing sensitive information or using inappropriate language. By the end, you will have built a sophisticated AI agent capable of handling real-world customer support scenarios. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

81,243 views • 2 years ago

The latest RAG trend for the current agent harnesses (Codex, Cowork) is to do two passes of document processing to solve a knowledge work task over a data room of documents: 1️⃣ A fast and light pass, oftentimes using a free/OSS doc parsing tool. This can be cheaply run across 10-100-1k’s of files, and enables the agent to then do retrieval (e.g. grep, semantic) to find relevant subsets of context. 2️⃣ A “just-in-time” VLM-based pass. Once the agent finds the relevant pages of context, it will screenshot the documents can call its own VLM (or write code) to dissect the pages. The issue with only using VLM-based OCR tools over massive ad-hoc customer file dumps is that it’s slow and expensive. Doing JIT VLM OCR allows the agent to filter through the data cheaply, but still preserve accuracy for the context that’s needed for the task. The agent harnesses do two-pass document processing by default using off the shelf-tools: pdf2text as the first pass, and using itself (Opus 5) as the second pass. See the below video where Cowork runs over a bunch of PDFs to answer a question about a benchmark graph in the Kimi k3 paper. The main issues here with the “out of the box” doc processing these agents offer are: * Opus 5 is not the best VLM for OCR. It is also way too expensive at scale and lacks grounding * The OSS tools like pypdf, pdf2text, may not be versatile enough as the first pass. * The agent will write a lot of throwaway code to rewrite things an OCR tool would’ve provided out of the box, like chart processing, bounding boxes, confidence scores, leading to increased cost and speed. We have all the tools within LlamaIndex 🦙 to help any agent do two-pass document processing with higher accuracy and lower cost. 1️⃣ We have liteparse for the first pass - a free/OSS parser written in Rust that’s faster/more accurate than other OSS parsers, and supports 50+ document types 2️⃣ We have LlamaParse for the second pass - an agentic document engine that uses VLMs+harnesses to achieve SOTA in accuracy and cost across various doc parsing and extraction tasks. It can be called from any agent harness as an MCP or skill. It takes in page numbers as input, so that the agent can choose to run LlamaParse over a subset of the doc instead of the full doc as a “zoom-in” pass. Come check it out! LiteParse: LlamaParse: All the relevant docs, including MCP, are here:

Jerry Liu

23,119 views • 1 month ago

Traditional data pipelines don't work for RAG applications. There are 3 issues with them: ​ 1. Traditional data engineering solutions are optimized to handle structured data. RAG applications rely primarily on unstructured data. ​ 2. The connector ecosystem to load data from unstructured data sources is very immature. ​ 3. Traditional solutions do not offer any way to transform unstructured data into an optimized vector search index. ​ The goal of a RAG Pipeline is to solve these problems. ​ The number one objective is to create a reliable vector search index using factual knowledge and relevant context. This sounds easy, but it's one of the biggest challenges we face when building RAG applications. ​ At a high level, there are four different stages in the architecture of a RAG pipeline: ​ 1. Ingestion: Here is where the pipeline loads the information from the data source. ​ 2. Extraction: Where the pipeline processes the input data and decides how to retrieve the text contained inside them. ​ 3. Transform: Where the pipeline chunks the data and generates document embeddings. ​ 4. Load: Where the pipeline creates a search index in a vector database and loads the document embeddings. ​ There are different rabbit holes at each one of these stages. Here are three of them: ​ 1. Ingesting data once is simple. The hard part is refreshing the vector database whenever the original data source changes. ​ 2. Extracting the content of a plain text document is simple. The hard part is to extract content from complex documents containing tables, images, or cross-references. ​ 3. A simple continual chunking strategy with an overlap is simple. The hard part is to find the optimal strategy for your specific knowledge base and the way you are planning to query it. ​ In the attached video, I'll show you how you can build an enterprise-grade RAG Pipeline that solves every one of the above problems. ​ I'll use Vectorize. They partnered with me on this post. You can use them to build RAG pipelines optimized for accurate context retrieval. ​ ​ If you have a few documents lying around, set up a free account and give it a try.

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40,643 views • 2 years ago