new research: We compare controller vs hand VR input and quantify performance & physical exertion. for raycast input, controllers ⬆️ agency ⬇️ exertion ⬆️ speed ⬆️ tracing accuracy for direct input, hands ⬆️⚡ arm movement ⬆️⚡ arm lift ⬆️⚡ exertion but ⬆️ preference ETH CS Department

Non obvious findings due to interesting tradeoffs: ⁉️ controllers add weight but offer tangible feedback ⁉️ free-hand input is direct but requires more effort with Tiffany Luong, Yi Fei Cheng, Max Moebus, @andreas_fender #TVCG #VR @ismarconf @ETH_en

We compared tasks and input interfaces inside a controlled and high-accuracy multi-camera setup for precise tracking and behavioral quantification. We particularly focused on interactions that exceed quick input.

Our analysis of the motion capture data revealed several ergonomic and behavioral metrics and interactions between effects, such as - exertion vs. speed - exertion vs. sense of agency - quantity of arm motion - variation in motion speed - bad posture

Implications for design use VR controllers 1. for indirect input (speed ⬆️, accuracy ⬆️, control ⬆️, exertion ⬇️) 2. where physical interaction space is limited prefer hand input 3. for direct mid-air input 4. for targets at low hand positions and slow interaction

T. Luong, Y. Cheng, M. Moebus, A. Fender, C. Holz Controllers or Bare Hands? A Controlled Evaluation of Input Techniques on Interaction Performance and Exertion in Virtual Reality IEEE TVCG 2023 paper video