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New short course: Building Multimodal Search and RAG", by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿. Contrastive learning is used to train models to map vectors into an embedding space by pulling similar concepts closer together and pushing dissimilar concepts away from each other. This technique is also used to... train multimodal embedding models that capture semantic similarity across different modalities like text, images, and audio. These multimodal embeddings can be used to build multimodal search and RAG systems. In this course, you'll learn how contrastive learning works, and how to add multimodality to RAG – so your models can draw on diverse, relevant context to answer questions. For example, a query about a financial report might synthesize information from text snippets, graphs, tables, and slides. You will also learn how visual instruction tuning lets you integrate image understanding into language models, and build a multi-vector recommender system using Weaviate’s open-source vector database. Please sign up here:show more

Andrew Ng

1,599,956 subscribers

104,371 views • 2 years ago •via X (Twitter)

Finance Science & Technology Education

Anya Rossi• Live Now

Private livecam show

10 Comments

Philip Vollet2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita watched it over 10x and planning for the next 20x 😌

Zain2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita 🚀🚀🚀

Vincent Valentine (CEO of UnOpen.ai)2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita @AndrewYNg Fascinating insights on contrastive learning. How does this approach compare to traditional methods for multimodal search?

Data & Analytics2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita @AndrewYNg Building Multimodal Search and RAG definitely sounds intriguing! This contrastive learning approach is a game-changer. Who else is excited to dive into this topic?

simpleman2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita Thank you @AndrewYNg for all your effort and work you do in making AI learning more accessible and up to date with the latest technologies and developments. I love your courses and the energy you bring to this field! 🌟

Key2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita Absolutely fascinating approach using contrastive learning to enhance model training for multimodal search! Excited to see the results from @weaviate_io's latest course with @sebawita!

MRSA2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita @HuoQubot

Omar Ali2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita You're too good sir! 🙃

Justa Guy2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita Question Re: embeddings - I understood them to be a set of param that come from training a model. So, how do already trained models create embeddings, say on a paragraph of text it’s never seen before?

Sherri Dominick2 years ago

@weaviate_io @sebawita Her confidence is her greatest asset, making her unstoppable.

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Vector databases are a key part of many LLM applications that need search or data retrieval, for example with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Learn how they work + how to use them in our new short course, taught by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿!

Vector databases are a key part of many LLM applications that need search or data retrieval, for example with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Learn how they work + how to use them in our new short course, taught by Weaviate AI Database's Sebastia(N_) Witalec ✊🏽✊🏾✊🏿!

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420,683 views • 2 years ago

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Andrew Ng

137,073 views • 2 years ago

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Andrew Ng

224,538 views • 2 years ago

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Andrew Ng

107,548 views • 1 year ago

[1/n] Do distinct large models admit a simple map that aligns their embedding spaces? We show that across multimodal contrastive models—trained on different data and architectures—an orthogonal map aligns image embeddings. Strikingly, the same map also aligns text embeddings.

[1/n] Do distinct large models admit a simple map that aligns their embedding spaces? We show that across multimodal contrastive models—trained on different data and architectures—an orthogonal map aligns image embeddings. Strikingly, the same map also aligns text embeddings.

Sharut Gupta

37,180 views • 4 months ago

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Andrew Ng

124,458 views • 11 months ago

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Andrew Ng

73,915 views • 1 year ago

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New short course on advanced retrieval for RAG (retrieval augmented generation)! RAG fetches relevant documents to give context to an LLM. In Advanced Retrieval for AI with Chroma, taught by Chroma founder anton 🇺🇸, you’ll learn: (i) Query expansion using an LLM to rewrite and improve a query, by either generating either additional relevant queries or a hypothetical answer to the query. (ii) Reranking using a cross-encoder - a model trained to measure similarity between two inputs presented simultaneously. Reranking reorders retrieved documents based on the cross-encoder similarity measure. (iii) Constructing and training an Embedding Adaptor, which is a model that adapts the embedding values to be more relevant to your use case. Each of these techniques can help you build much better RAG systems. Please sign up for the course here:

Andrew Ng

191,219 views • 2 years ago

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Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

146,313 views • 1 year ago

Learn to optimize RAG for cost and performance in our new short course, Prompt Compression and Query Optimization, created with MongoDB and taught by Richmond Alake. This course teaches you to combine traditional database capabilities with vector search using MongoDB for RAG. You'll learn these techniques: - Vector search: For semantic matching of user queries - Filtering using metadata: Pre- and post-filtering to narrow search results - Projections: Selecting only necessary fields to minimize data returned - Boosting: Reranking results to improve relevance - Prompt compression: Using a small LLM to compress context, significantly reducing token count and processing costs These methods address scaling, performance, and security challenges in large-scale RAG applications. You can sign up here:

Learn to optimize RAG for cost and performance in our new short course, Prompt Compression and Query Optimization, created with MongoDB and taught by Richmond Alake. This course teaches you to combine traditional database capabilities with vector search using MongoDB for RAG. You'll learn these techniques: - Vector search: For semantic matching of user queries - Filtering using metadata: Pre- and post-filtering to narrow search results - Projections: Selecting only necessary fields to minimize data returned - Boosting: Reranking results to improve relevance - Prompt compression: Using a small LLM to compress context, significantly reducing token count and processing costs These methods address scaling, performance, and security challenges in large-scale RAG applications. You can sign up here:

Andrew Ng

71,699 views • 2 years ago

Our new short course, Knowledge Graphs for RAG, is now available! Knowledge graphs are a data structure that is great at capturing complex relationships between data of multiple types. By enabling more sophisticated retrieval of text than similarity search alone, knowledge graphs can improve the context you pass to the LLM and the performance of your RAG applications. In this course, taught by Andreas Kollegger of Neo4j, you’ll - Explore how knowledge graphs work by building a graph of public financial documents from scratch - Learn to write queries that retrieve text and data from the graph and use it to enhance the context you pass to an LLM chatbot - Combine a knowledge graph with a question-answer chain to build better RAG-powered chat systems Sign up here!

Our new short course, Knowledge Graphs for RAG, is now available! Knowledge graphs are a data structure that is great at capturing complex relationships between data of multiple types. By enabling more sophisticated retrieval of text than similarity search alone, knowledge graphs can improve the context you pass to the LLM and the performance of your RAG applications. In this course, taught by Andreas Kollegger of Neo4j, you’ll - Explore how knowledge graphs work by building a graph of public financial documents from scratch - Learn to write queries that retrieve text and data from the graph and use it to enhance the context you pass to an LLM chatbot - Combine a knowledge graph with a question-answer chain to build better RAG-powered chat systems Sign up here!

Andrew Ng

244,281 views • 2 years ago

We’re expanding the Gemini API File Search tool 🔍 with 3 new updates that enable developers to more easily build multimodal RAG systems with enhanced precision: + Multimodal Support: By leveraging our Gemini Embedding 2 model, File Search can now reason across image and text simultaneously. + Custom Metadata Filtering: Bring structure to unstructured data by tagging files with custom key-value labels. This pre-filters your data and boosts search speed. + Exact citations: File Search can now capture and return the exact source (down to the page number) for every piece of information indexed. See multimodal File Search in action with our example app in Google AI Studio. Chat with your entire image and doc library, ask questions, and trace answers back to the source:

We’re expanding the Gemini API File Search tool 🔍 with 3 new updates that enable developers to more easily build multimodal RAG systems with enhanced precision: + Multimodal Support: By leveraging our Gemini Embedding 2 model, File Search can now reason across image and text simultaneously. + Custom Metadata Filtering: Bring structure to unstructured data by tagging files with custom key-value labels. This pre-filters your data and boosts search speed. + Exact citations: File Search can now capture and return the exact source (down to the page number) for every piece of information indexed. See multimodal File Search in action with our example app in Google AI Studio. Chat with your entire image and doc library, ask questions, and trace answers back to the source:

Google AI Developers

108,622 views • 2 months ago

Supabase can be used as a vector database! This means that you can perform a semantic search against Supabase! This allows you to create RAG apps or content recommendation engines on top of Supabase! Learn what embeddings are, and how you can use them 👇

Supabase can be used as a vector database! This means that you can perform a semantic search against Supabase! This allows you to create RAG apps or content recommendation engines on top of Supabase! Learn what embeddings are, and how you can use them 👇

Tyler Shukert

39,359 views • 1 year ago

Build powerful, offline AI features with EmbeddingGemma. Our new 308M parameter text embedding model enables on-device semantic search, RAG, and more. Learn how to get started ↓

Build powerful, offline AI features with EmbeddingGemma. Our new 308M parameter text embedding model enables on-device semantic search, RAG, and more. Learn how to get started ↓

Google AI Developers

36,977 views • 9 months ago

Working on multimodal instruction tuning and finding it hard to scale? Building Web/GUI agents but data is too narrow? Introducing 🚀MultiUI: 7.3M multimodal instructions from 1M webpage UIs, offering diverse data to boost text-rich visual understanding. Key takeaways: 🌟WebUI-trained models show major gains in visual web understanding and agent tasks. 💻 🌟Models also generalize well to non-UI tasks like DocVQA/OCR. 📄 How it works: We generate multimodal instructions with a text LLM using structured text from webpage accessibility trees. We then pair them with UI screenshots, to train multimodal models. Homepage: Paper: Dataset: Model: Congrats to the student lead Junpeng Liu and the team Tianyue Ou Yifan Song Yuxiao Qu Chenyan Xiong Wenhu Chen Graham Neubig ! More details are in the following threads ⬇️

Working on multimodal instruction tuning and finding it hard to scale? Building Web/GUI agents but data is too narrow? Introducing 🚀MultiUI: 7.3M multimodal instructions from 1M webpage UIs, offering diverse data to boost text-rich visual understanding. Key takeaways: 🌟WebUI-trained models show major gains in visual web understanding and agent tasks. 💻 🌟Models also generalize well to non-UI tasks like DocVQA/OCR. 📄 How it works: We generate multimodal instructions with a text LLM using structured text from webpage accessibility trees. We then pair them with UI screenshots, to train multimodal models. Homepage: Paper: Dataset: Model: Congrats to the student lead Junpeng Liu and the team Tianyue Ou Yifan Song Yuxiao Qu Chenyan Xiong Wenhu Chen Graham Neubig ! More details are in the following threads ⬇️

Xiang Yue

57,680 views • 1 year ago

LLMs can make sense of retrieved context because of how transformers work. In one of the lessons from the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) course, we unpack how LLMs process augmented prompts using token embeddings, positional vectors, and multi-head attention. Understanding these internals helps you design more reliable and efficient RAG systems. Watch the breakdown and keep learning how to build production-ready RAG systems in this course, taught by Zain:

LLMs can make sense of retrieved context because of how transformers work. In one of the lessons from the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) course, we unpack how LLMs process augmented prompts using token embeddings, positional vectors, and multi-head attention. Understanding these internals helps you design more reliable and efficient RAG systems. Watch the breakdown and keep learning how to build production-ready RAG systems in this course, taught by Zain:

DeepLearning.AI

11,500 views • 11 months ago

Traditional (SQL) databases rely primarily on keyword-based searches to retrieve information. These searches match the exact words or phrases in your query to the text stored in the database. While effective for many applications, this method has limitations when it comes to understanding context or finding relevant information that doesn’t include the exact keywords. Hybrid search combines the strengths of traditional keyword-based BM25 search with the advanced capabilities of semantic search. To effectively implement a hybrid search, a vector database is essential. Vector databases go beyond just words; they understand the meaning behind the data. They transform data such as text, images, or audio into numerical representations called vectors. These vector embeddings enable the database to find similar items, even if they don't share exact keywords. When you integrate hybrid search with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, you can achieve higher accuracy in retrieved context and better output in generated responses. Learn more about RAG systems in this video with Victoria Slocum:

Traditional (SQL) databases rely primarily on keyword-based searches to retrieve information. These searches match the exact words or phrases in your query to the text stored in the database. While effective for many applications, this method has limitations when it comes to understanding context or finding relevant information that doesn’t include the exact keywords. Hybrid search combines the strengths of traditional keyword-based BM25 search with the advanced capabilities of semantic search. To effectively implement a hybrid search, a vector database is essential. Vector databases go beyond just words; they understand the meaning behind the data. They transform data such as text, images, or audio into numerical representations called vectors. These vector embeddings enable the database to find similar items, even if they don't share exact keywords. When you integrate hybrid search with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, you can achieve higher accuracy in retrieved context and better output in generated responses. Learn more about RAG systems in this video with Victoria Slocum:

Femke Plantinga

140,618 views • 2 years ago

The future of AI is open-source. And ollama is the easiest way to build AI applications with open-source LLMs. Here's how to build a free, private RAG app using open-source tools. We'll use: - Ollama for LLMs and embedding models - PostgreSQL for data storage and retrieval - pgai Vectorizer for embedding creation and sync (I use Nomic for embeddings and tinnyllama as my LLM but you can substitute them for any models on Ollama)

The future of AI is open-source. And ollama is the easiest way to build AI applications with open-source LLMs. Here's how to build a free, private RAG app using open-source tools. We'll use: - Ollama for LLMs and embedding models - PostgreSQL for data storage and retrieval - pgai Vectorizer for embedding creation and sync (I use Nomic for embeddings and tinnyllama as my LLM but you can substitute them for any models on Ollama)

Avthar

34,261 views • 1 year ago

VITA Towards Open-Source Interactive Omni Multimodal LLM discuss: The remarkable multimodal capabilities and interactive experience of GPT-4o underscore their necessity in practical applications, yet open-source models rarely excel in both areas. In this paper, we introduce VITA, the first-ever open-source Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) adept at simultaneous processing and analysis of Video, Image, Text, and Audio modalities, and meanwhile has an advanced multimodal interactive experience. Starting from Mixtral 8x7B as a language foundation, we expand its Chinese vocabulary followed by bilingual instruction tuning. We further endow the language model with visual and audio capabilities through two-stage multi-task learning of multimodal alignment and instruction tuning. VITA demonstrates robust foundational capabilities of multilingual, vision, and audio understanding, as evidenced by its strong performance across a range of both unimodal and multimodal benchmarks. Beyond foundational capabilities, we have made considerable progress in enhancing the natural multimodal human-computer interaction experience. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to exploit non-awakening interaction and audio interrupt in MLLM. VITA is the first step for the open-source community to explore the seamless integration of multimodal understanding and interaction. While there is still lots of work to be done on VITA to get close to close-source counterparts, we hope that its role as a pioneer can serve as a cornerstone for subsequent research.

VITA Towards Open-Source Interactive Omni Multimodal LLM discuss: The remarkable multimodal capabilities and interactive experience of GPT-4o underscore their necessity in practical applications, yet open-source models rarely excel in both areas. In this paper, we introduce VITA, the first-ever open-source Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) adept at simultaneous processing and analysis of Video, Image, Text, and Audio modalities, and meanwhile has an advanced multimodal interactive experience. Starting from Mixtral 8x7B as a language foundation, we expand its Chinese vocabulary followed by bilingual instruction tuning. We further endow the language model with visual and audio capabilities through two-stage multi-task learning of multimodal alignment and instruction tuning. VITA demonstrates robust foundational capabilities of multilingual, vision, and audio understanding, as evidenced by its strong performance across a range of both unimodal and multimodal benchmarks. Beyond foundational capabilities, we have made considerable progress in enhancing the natural multimodal human-computer interaction experience. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to exploit non-awakening interaction and audio interrupt in MLLM. VITA is the first step for the open-source community to explore the seamless integration of multimodal understanding and interaction. While there is still lots of work to be done on VITA to get close to close-source counterparts, we hope that its role as a pioneer can serve as a cornerstone for subsequent research.

AK

23,958 views • 1 year ago

New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

77,792 views • 1 year ago