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Not sure why Christopher Nolan doesn't think the "Nobody" pun doesn't translate to modern dialogue. The Odyssey's "Nobody" pun might be nearly 3,000 years old yet remains one of the most famous literary tricks in human history. It holds up today because it is simultaneously a simple joke, linguistic...

2,941,725 просмотров • 1 день назад •via X (Twitter)

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One of the Odyssey's most important lessons comes when Odysseus and his men encounter the Cyclops Polyphemus. At first the situation does not seem dangerous. They land on an island, discover a large cave filled with food and livestock, and begin helping themselves. Odysseus says they should stay and wait for the owner of the cave, because he expects the man to follow the Greek custom of hospitality. In the ancient world a traveler could rely on that custom almost anywhere. Instead, something very different happens. When Polyphemus returns, he blocks the entrance to the cave with a massive stone and begins asking questions. Odysseus explains that they are travellers and reminds him of the sacred duty to treat guests well. Polyphemus laughs at the idea, and tells Odysseus that Cyclopes care not for the gods or their laws. Then he reaches down, grabs two of Odysseus's men, smashes them against the ground, and eats them. The true horror of the scene is the calm way in which Homer describes it. Polyphemus eats the men as casually as someone might eat bread and cheese. Odysseus has wandered into a world where the rules of civilization no longer apply. Now Odysseus faces a serious problem. He cannot simply kill the Cyclops, because the stone blocking the entrance is so large that only Polyphemus himself can move it. If the giant dies, everyone in the cave will remain trapped there forever. The next evening Polyphemus returns again and devours two more men. This time, Odysseus offers him wine that he brought from the ship. The Cyclops has never tasted wine before and drinks it greedily. When Polyphemus asks for Odysseus' name, Odysseus gives one of the cleverest answers in all of literature: he tells the giant that his name is "Nobody." The wine soon takes effect. Polyphemus collapses into a drunken sleep, and Odysseus and his men put their plan into motion. They sharpen a massive wooden stake, heat it in the fire until it glows, and then drive it straight into the Cyclops' single eye. Homer describes the sound of the burning wood hissing inside the eye like iron plunged into cold water. Polyphemus screams so loudly that the other Cyclopes come running to the cave and ask what is wrong. The giant shouts that "Nobody" is attacking him. Hearing this, the other Cyclopes assume he must be sick or mad, and they leave him alone. In the morning, Polyphemus rolls the stone away from the entrance so his sheep can leave the cave. He runs his hands over their backs to make sure the men are not escaping. What he does not realize is that Odysseus has tied each man underneath the sheep, hanging beneath their woolly bellies. The animals walk out of the cave and carry the Greeks with them. It is a brilliant escape, but Odysseus makes one mistake. Once the ship has sailed safely away, he cannot resist shouting back at the Cyclops. He reveals his real name and boasts about what he has done. Polyphemus then prays to his father, the sea god Poseidon, asking him to punish Odysseus for the injury. That single moment of pride ends up shaping the rest of the Odyssey. Poseidon hears the prayer, and from that point on the sea itself seems determined to keep Odysseus from ever reaching home. His intelligence saves him and his men from certain death, but his pride creates new dangers that follow him for years. Even the cleverest man can ruin his own victory if he cannot resist the temptation to pride... --- Join our online book club and study the classics with us! We are working through the great texts of the Western canon, including the Homeric epics: To preserve a culture, you must continually study the books and ideas that created it. If the schools and universities won't teach the great books of the West, we will do it ourselves... We are an independent group funded ENTIRELY by the members of this community. If you'd like to support us, please consider a paid membership. You'll get: - Live book club discussions (biweekly) - Essays to guide you through the books we're reading - The full archive of discussions and essays - Access to the community chat room See you inside!

Athenaeum Book Club

435,424 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Odysseus was away from his home for 20 years, ten years fighting in the Trojan War and ten more years struggling at sea before being "washed ashore" in Ithaca, at his home. After everything he endured, he returned to Ithaca alone, aged, weary, burdened with suffering and sorrow, and unrecognizable to everyone. Dressed in rags so no one would recognize him, he was accompanied by Eumaeus, the swineherd, who also did not recognize him. As they approached the palace, Odysseus saw Argos, his beloved dog and friend who had missed him during his time in Ilion (Troy), now in a very miserable state. Homer describes Argos as covered in ticks, neglected, lying still as if waiting for something - his death - but not quite ready yet. A brief conversation takes place over Argos between Odysseus and Eumaeus, after which Odysseus enters the hall with the suitors. Now, Argos is ready to die. He can finally take his last breath, as the moment he had waited for over 20 years had arrived, he saw his best friend one last time. His longing and hope for the return of his master had kept him alive for 20 whole years. Only Argos recognized him! The hero Odysseus, deeply moved, could not hold back a tear, which he secretly wiped away so that Eumaeus wouldn’t see it and suspect something. (“νόσφιν απομόρξατο δάκρυ” “he secretly wiped away his tear.”) Homer writes: Rhapsody ρ, Line 290 Thus they were speaking to each other, But the dog, lying down, lifted his head and ears; Argos, Odysseus’ faithful dog, whom he once raised but never got to enjoy, as Odysseus left early for sacred Ilion (Troy). 295. ...lying in a pile of dung spilled in front of the gates by mules and cattle, which the servants took to fertilize Odysseus' estate. 300. There Argos lay, full of ticks. The moment he sensed Odysseus near him, he wagged his tail and lowered both ears, but he couldn’t get up to reach him. Odysseus saw him from afar and secretly wiped away his tear so Eumaeus wouldn’t notice, and then he asked him: 305. “A wonder, this dog, Eumaeus, lying in the manure. He is good in body, but I’m not sure if he’s as swift as he is beautiful, or if he’s one of those table-fed dogs of men, kept only as an ornament by lords.” 325. As he said this, he entered the well-built house and went straight into the hall with the shining suitors. And the fate of black death seized Argos, immediately after he saw Odysseus for the first time in twenty years ... ----- Homer Pavlos✍️

Homer Pavlos

2,631,458 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

A powerful scene in the Odyssey comes when Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca after twenty years of war and wandering. You'd expect the story to end with a great celebration: with the hero coming home and the family reunited. Homer does something far stranger. Odysseus arrives disguised as a beggar, because Athena warns him that the palace has been taken over by more than a hundred suitors who have been living there for years, eating his food, drinking his wine, and pressuring his wife Penelope to marry one of them. They believe Odysseus is dead and in their minds the kingdom is already theirs. So the king of Ithaca walks through his own halls dressed in rags while the men stealing his house sit comfortably at his tables. They mock him, throw scraps at him, and one of them even strikes him, and Odysseus takes it. The same man who blinded the Cyclops now stands quietly while strangers insult him in his own home. Homer tells us his heart burns inside his chest and that he wants to attack them immediately, yet he restrains himself and waits. Instead of striking, Odysseus studies the room carefully. He counts the men, watches their habits, and observes which servants remain loyal and which have betrayed him. He delays his revenge until the moment is right. Eventually Penelope announces a contest and brings out Odysseus' great bow, declaring that she will marry the man who can string it and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads lined up in a row. One by one the suitors try and fail, because none of them can even bend the bow. Then the beggar asks for a turn. The suitors laugh at first, but the bow is eventually handed to him. Odysseus takes it in his hands and strings it effortlessly. Homer says the sound of the bowstring tightening rings through the hall like the note of a swallow. Then he places an arrow on the string and sends it cleanly through all twelve axe heads. In that moment the beggar disappears. Odysseus turns the bow toward the suitors and reveals who he is. What follows is one of the most brutal scenes in Greek literature. The doors are sealed and the suitors realize too late that they are trapped inside the hall. Odysseus, his son Telemachus, and two loyal servants begin killing them one by one. There is no escape and no negotiation. The men who spent years consuming another man's house die inside it. It is a violent ending, but Homer wants you to understand something important. The real danger to Odysseus was never just the monsters and storms along the journey. It was the possibility that someone else might take his place while he was gone. When Odysseus finally returns, he reminds everyone in Ithaca of a simple truth: A man's home is never truly his unless he is willing to fight for it. --- Join our online book club and study the classics with us! We are working through the great texts of the Western canon, including the Homeric epics: To preserve a culture, you must continually study the books and ideas that created it. If the schools and universities won't teach the great books of the West, we will do it ourselves... We are an independent group funded ENTIRELY by the members of this community. If you'd like to support us, please consider a paid membership. You'll get: - Live book club discussions (biweekly) - Essays to guide you through the books we're reading - The full archive of discussions and essays - Access to the community chat room See you inside!

Athenaeum Book Club

351,746 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

This painting shows the most heartbreaking reunion in all of literature. To understand it, you have to know who the dog is... His name is Argos, and he belongs to Ulysses, the Greek hero also known as Odysseus. Before Ulysses sailed away to fight in the Trojan War, he had raised Argos from a puppy, a fast and beautiful hunting dog. Then the war called, and Ulysses left. He would not come home for twenty years. When Ulysses finally set foot on his own island again, he came in disguise, dressed as a beggar, so that no one would know him. His house was full of men trying to steal his wife and his kingdom. To survive, he had to remain a stranger in his own home. No one recognized him. Not his loyal servants. Not the people who had known him all his life. But lying in the dirt by the gate, old and forgotten, covered in ticks, too weak to stand, was a dog. Argos had waited twenty years. And the moment he saw him, he knew. He was the only one. Nearly blind, half dead, he lifted his head and pricked up his ears, and he wagged his tail for the master he had never stopped waiting for. Ulysses saw him. And because he was in disguise, surrounded by enemies, he could not run to him, could not kneel down, could not say his name. He could only look at his old friend and, turning his face away so no one would see, let a single tear fall. And then, in Homer's own words, "the dark shadow of death closed down on Argos' eyes, the instant he had seen Odysseus, twenty years away." He had held on to life for one reason only: he was waiting to see him come home. And the moment he did, he could finally let go... It is such a beautiful painting, and the look on that dog's face is so universal, so instantly understood by anyone who has ever loved and waited, that it is enough to bring a grown man to tears.

James Lucas

100,116 просмотров • 11 дней назад

I just watched a video by Charleston White… and for once, he said something that hits every man in his bones. A man can give everything he has… his strength, his youth, his peace, his labor, his sanity… and he will stay invisible until the day he dies. As long as he’s perfect, nobody sees him. The bills get paid… nobody sees him. The house stays standing… nobody sees him. He keeps danger off the family… nobody sees him. He wakes up exhausted and still gives more… nobody sees him. He becomes visible only when something goes wrong. That’s the truth men live with… and it’s the truth nobody wants to confront because it exposes the spiritual rot in this culture. And here’s the hard part… This wasn’t always the way. Families used to honor men. Communities used to respect men. Faith used to center men. A man’s sacrifice meant something. Democrats shattered that world. They built a culture where the man is disposable… replaceable… irrelevant. They taught women they don’t need men… they taught children to distrust men… they taught courts to punish men… they taught society to ignore men until they fail. They turned the Black man into a workhorse with no gratitude and no covering. A ghost in his own house. That’s how a man can die after a lifetime of sacrifice… and nobody even knows his name. But here’s the part that shakes the soul… God sees him. The Almighty knows the weight he carries. He knows every night the man went to sleep wondering if he still mattered. He knows every moment that man swallowed his own pain to hold up the people he loves. Men aren’t asking to be worshiped. They’re asking to be seen. If men are “privileged,” then why does the world only notice them when they break? #SilentMajoritySpeaks #AStoneGroove

A Gene Robinson

48,667 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

Nichols: It’s almost like we have a relative in the room, and there’s something deeply wrong with him. And we’ve all agreed not to talk about it. But there is something deeply wrong with him. His friends know it, his critics know it. His staff, I’m sure, knows it. The world knows it. World leaders know it. And most importantly, our enemies know it, which is why they don’t take him seriously. Nobody hangs on his words. They kind of do, but mostly out of freakish curiosity to see what kind of wild thing he’s going to say next, not because his words have any inherent meaning or reflect policy. You know, I spent years teaching students that when the president speaks, it’s policy, and you must pay attention when the president speaks because nobody can contradict him. Now, you know, are we really cutting off all trade with Spain? Who knows? Maybe. Maybe not. It might have just been a stray electron, you know, careening around inside his brainpan. Who knows? But this is really dangerous because in the middle of all this stuff—and we can laugh about, you know, the Islamic Republic of Japan and all of that—but he made several statements about an ongoing war that the United States is losing. And no one’s even trying to pretend that they can make any sense of it. And I’ll just add one last thing that you just brought up. If this were any other president, this would be a national crisis. I mean, Joe Biden got somebody’s name wrong, and it was headlines. The president gets all kinds of things wrong, completely, you know, is out to lunch at an important NATO summit, and, you know, it’s Wednesday.

Acyn

468,900 просмотров • 9 дней назад

Controversy has erupted over Christopher Nolan’s forthcoming film adaptation of Homer’s poem The Odyssey, which arrives in the wake of a contested 2017 translation by Emily Wilson, a classics professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Critics of Wilson’s translation argue that she has rewritten Odysseus from a hero into a morally suspect figure. Nolan cast a black actress, Lupita Nyong’o, to play the Mediterranean woman Helen of Troy, prompting criticisms of hypocrisy and racism from Elon Musk and others. It is inconceivable that Hollywood would today use a white actor to play a black character, and yet the media applauds when white characters are played by black actors. Isabella Reinhardt, an assistant professor of classics at the University of Austin, and my colleague, disagrees with some of Wilson’s choices. For example, Wilson translates polytropos, which Homer uses to describe Odysseus, as a “complicated man,” where Robert Fagles, in his 1996 translation, renders it as a “man of twists and turns.” The choice is representative of Wilson’s depiction of Odysseus as something other than heroic. Reinhardt, who recorded a podcast with me last week, received her PhD in the same Penn classics department where Wilson teaches. “I do think Odysseus is not a perfect hero,” says Reinhardt, “but he is the hero. Her translation strays into a negative view of Odysseus that’s not entirely warranted....” Please subscribe now to support Public's award-winning journalism, read the full article, and watch the full podcast!

Michael Shellenberger

230,695 просмотров • 1 месяц назад