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• Object: Daphnis (Saturn XXXV) • Size: Approximately 8 kilometers wide • Function: Creates waves in Saturn's rings [🎞️ SpaceEngine Sim]

Massimo

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35,219 просмотров • 1 месяц назад •via X (Twitter)

Искусство Наука и технологии

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433 Eros is second-largest near-Earth object with an elongated shape and a mean diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers. This is its size compared to New York City. [🎞️ MetaBallStudios]

433 Eros is second-largest near-Earth object with an elongated shape and a mean diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers. This is its size compared to New York City. [🎞️ MetaBallStudios]

Massimo

139,502 просмотров • 16 дней назад

THE SOURCE OF THE FAMOUS ‘WOODPECKER’ RADIO SIGNAL! In the 1970s, the Soviet Union built a radar so powerful. it literally shook American radio stations thousands of kilometers away! What you are seeing is the infamous Duga Radar - also known as the "Russian Woodpecker" because of the eerie click-click-click sound it emitted across global frequencies. Built to detect nuclear missiles launched from America, Duga was a giant tall and 500 meters wide, bigger than an entire colony of buildings. Its technology was so advanced, it could detect an object the size of a basketball from 40,000 kilometers away. But here's the scary part: whenever Duga operated, radios around the world picked up its strange tapping noise... people were confused, frustrated, and some even thought it was an alien signal. Then came 1986, the Chernobyl disaster wiped out the radar's power supply. Duga fell silent. And what remains now is only a ghostly skeleton inside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. But when it was alive the world was freaking out over its ticking sound. But now we have new ‘Woodpecker’ signals.

THE SOURCE OF THE FAMOUS ‘WOODPECKER’ RADIO SIGNAL! In the 1970s, the Soviet Union built a radar so powerful. it literally shook American radio stations thousands of kilometers away! What you are seeing is the infamous Duga Radar - also known as the "Russian Woodpecker" because of the eerie click-click-click sound it emitted across global frequencies. Built to detect nuclear missiles launched from America, Duga was a giant tall and 500 meters wide, bigger than an entire colony of buildings. Its technology was so advanced, it could detect an object the size of a basketball from 40,000 kilometers away. But here's the scary part: whenever Duga operated, radios around the world picked up its strange tapping noise... people were confused, frustrated, and some even thought it was an alien signal. Then came 1986, the Chernobyl disaster wiped out the radar's power supply. Duga fell silent. And what remains now is only a ghostly skeleton inside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. But when it was alive the world was freaking out over its ticking sound. But now we have new ‘Woodpecker’ signals.

Brian Roemmele

1,142,643 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

(Video): “"Mile Wide Delta Shaped Craft made Two US F-14 Fighter Jets Disappear in Puerto Rico 1988” On December 28, 1988, at approximately 7:45 pm, a large triangle craft roughly the size of a baseball field was seen moving steadily along in the region near the naval air station in Puerto Rico, according to many witnesses (over a hundred). Three F-14s intercepted the moving UFO and apparently tried to force it to change its course. As the navy fighter planes engaged the large craft, it slowed down its forward speed almost to a standstill. One plane, in particular, stayed mostly to the right of the UFO and another stayed behind the UFO making close approaches at times. The third plane apparently stayed a bit farther out. The F-14 in the rear came close to the object, but as it flew either over or under the object, it was not seen again. Small red lights were also seen at times flying outside the large craft and may have served to protect the craft. It was as if the fighter plane had somehow been drawn into the large craft. The second aircraft made a sweep closer to the large object and was seen by one ground witness-using binoculars-to suddenly disappear possibly being taken in by the UFO. The third F-14 reportedly high tailed it out of the area on afterburner with glowing red lights chasing after it apparently in pursuit, according to ground witnesses Source: EyesOnCinema 🚬👀 #anonymoushadoww #ufotwitter #uaptwitter #ShadowLurker #ufo #Twitter

(Video): “"Mile Wide Delta Shaped Craft made Two US F-14 Fighter Jets Disappear in Puerto Rico 1988” On December 28, 1988, at approximately 7:45 pm, a large triangle craft roughly the size of a baseball field was seen moving steadily along in the region near the naval air station in Puerto Rico, according to many witnesses (over a hundred). Three F-14s intercepted the moving UFO and apparently tried to force it to change its course. As the navy fighter planes engaged the large craft, it slowed down its forward speed almost to a standstill. One plane, in particular, stayed mostly to the right of the UFO and another stayed behind the UFO making close approaches at times. The third plane apparently stayed a bit farther out. The F-14 in the rear came close to the object, but as it flew either over or under the object, it was not seen again. Small red lights were also seen at times flying outside the large craft and may have served to protect the craft. It was as if the fighter plane had somehow been drawn into the large craft. The second aircraft made a sweep closer to the large object and was seen by one ground witness-using binoculars-to suddenly disappear possibly being taken in by the UFO. The third F-14 reportedly high tailed it out of the area on afterburner with glowing red lights chasing after it apparently in pursuit, according to ground witnesses Source: EyesOnCinema 🚬👀 #anonymoushadoww #ufotwitter #uaptwitter #ShadowLurker #ufo #Twitter

AnonymouShadow | UFO Research

50,391 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

In 1993 CNN warned against pregnancy ultrasound and had the FDA admit it was aware of its dangers. Remarkably, the FDA raised the maximum allowable ultrasound dose by 8 times (despite data showing the old dose was too high) and all those dangers were forgotten. Ultrasound causes a dose dependent injury to the organs and cells that fetuses are particularly susceptible to (especially early in life when ultrasounds have no medical value). Those harms include: •Genetic damage, significant damage to cellular structures (e.g., mitochondria, microtubules and the nucleus). •Initiating programmed cell death. •In mice and monkeys, significantly impaired learning, memory, activity, and sociability. •Fetal death. •Hemorrhages. •A wide range of congenital malformations. The Chinese in turn conducted a series of studies showing the low doses of ultrasound created those injuries in the placenta, pituitary gland, eyes, immune system, kidneys, liver, ovaries, testicles (and sperm), and the brain’s neurons and glial cells. Additionally, in humans, ultrasound has also been linked to miscarriages, premature ovulation, male infertility, fetal growth restrictions, altered neurological function, developmental delays. Conversely, ultrasound has not been proven to improve pregnancy outcomes (rather it just leads to more frequent C-sections, prenatal testing, anxiety for the parents, abortions and neonatal distress) Rather, all it can do most of the time is (sometimes erroneously) tell parents to abort their baby or subject it to invasive (and harmful tests), all of which creates immense unnecessary anxiety and anguish for the parents. I complied the 200+ studies proving all of this in the article below.

In 1993 CNN warned against pregnancy ultrasound and had the FDA admit it was aware of its dangers. Remarkably, the FDA raised the maximum allowable ultrasound dose by 8 times (despite data showing the old dose was too high) and all those dangers were forgotten. Ultrasound causes a dose dependent injury to the organs and cells that fetuses are particularly susceptible to (especially early in life when ultrasounds have no medical value). Those harms include: •Genetic damage, significant damage to cellular structures (e.g., mitochondria, microtubules and the nucleus). •Initiating programmed cell death. •In mice and monkeys, significantly impaired learning, memory, activity, and sociability. •Fetal death. •Hemorrhages. •A wide range of congenital malformations. The Chinese in turn conducted a series of studies showing the low doses of ultrasound created those injuries in the placenta, pituitary gland, eyes, immune system, kidneys, liver, ovaries, testicles (and sperm), and the brain’s neurons and glial cells. Additionally, in humans, ultrasound has also been linked to miscarriages, premature ovulation, male infertility, fetal growth restrictions, altered neurological function, developmental delays. Conversely, ultrasound has not been proven to improve pregnancy outcomes (rather it just leads to more frequent C-sections, prenatal testing, anxiety for the parents, abortions and neonatal distress) Rather, all it can do most of the time is (sometimes erroneously) tell parents to abort their baby or subject it to invasive (and harmful tests), all of which creates immense unnecessary anxiety and anguish for the parents. I complied the 200+ studies proving all of this in the article below.

A Midwestern Doctor

783,400 просмотров • 1 год назад

Many people still don't grasp just how quickly India is moving 🇮🇳 The new Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) will be completed in the next few years. The $100 billion project started in 2007 and has seen significant Japanese investment since the start. Stretching approximately 1,500 kilometers between the capital city Delhi (metro pop. of 34M) and India's financial capital Mumbai (metro pop. of 21M, this initiative will enhance connectivity and stimulate economic growth by developing smart cities, industrial parks along a new Delhi–Mumbai Expressway and the new Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (railway). The 1350 km 8-lane wide (expandable to 12-lane) expressway connecting the two mega-cities will be completed next year and will reduce the travel time from 24h to 11h. The 1500 km Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) will also be completed in 2025. The high-speed line will support freight trains reaching 1,500 m (4,900 ft) length pulled by electric locomotives running at speeds greater than 100 km/h (62 mph). The tracks will be entirely grade-separated and have a generous loading gauge of 3,660 mm width and 7,100 mm maximum height allowing for double-stacked shipping containers to be transported on flatcars. This allows for single trains to have a 400+-container capacity. The corridor will reduce the travel time for containers from 50 h, by the existing freight train, to 17 h while significantly increasing the transport capacity on the route as well as decreasing transport costs. The DMIC megaproject also incorporates 9 Mega Industrial zones of about 200-250 sq. km, 3 ports, 6 airports and a 4000 MW power plant. India is rapidly outpacing China in both demographic and economic growth. The 21st century won't be the Chinese century. It will be the Indian century.

Many people still don't grasp just how quickly India is moving 🇮🇳 The new Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) will be completed in the next few years. The $100 billion project started in 2007 and has seen significant Japanese investment since the start. Stretching approximately 1,500 kilometers between the capital city Delhi (metro pop. of 34M) and India's financial capital Mumbai (metro pop. of 21M, this initiative will enhance connectivity and stimulate economic growth by developing smart cities, industrial parks along a new Delhi–Mumbai Expressway and the new Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (railway). The 1350 km 8-lane wide (expandable to 12-lane) expressway connecting the two mega-cities will be completed next year and will reduce the travel time from 24h to 11h. The 1500 km Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) will also be completed in 2025. The high-speed line will support freight trains reaching 1,500 m (4,900 ft) length pulled by electric locomotives running at speeds greater than 100 km/h (62 mph). The tracks will be entirely grade-separated and have a generous loading gauge of 3,660 mm width and 7,100 mm maximum height allowing for double-stacked shipping containers to be transported on flatcars. This allows for single trains to have a 400+-container capacity. The corridor will reduce the travel time for containers from 50 h, by the existing freight train, to 17 h while significantly increasing the transport capacity on the route as well as decreasing transport costs. The DMIC megaproject also incorporates 9 Mega Industrial zones of about 200-250 sq. km, 3 ports, 6 airports and a 4000 MW power plant. India is rapidly outpacing China in both demographic and economic growth. The 21st century won't be the Chinese century. It will be the Indian century.

Visegrád 24

207,110 просмотров • 1 год назад

Made with Seedance 2.5 using 2 prompts (15s each) + manual stitching. PROMPT 1: ⬇️ 15 seconds, 16:9 horizontal, one continuous photorealistic viral smartphone shot. Absurd surreal comedy scene in a small indoor hotel pool. Realistic environment: tiled walls, fluorescent ceiling lights, metal pool ladders at the sides, pool depth markers, white plastic chairs, vending machines, and 6–8 normal-size spectators in swimwear standing around the pool, laughing, cheering, and filming on smartphones. A giant young sexy blonde woman in her early 20s is floating flat on her back in the pool. Her enormous head, neck, and upper shoulders float naturally on the water surface. Her face is almost horizontal, looking upward toward the ceiling. Wet slicked-back blonde hair spreads slightly in the water. She is exceptionally beautiful, youthful, glamorous, and highly photogenic, with blue eyes, glossy wet skin, and realistic pores. At the very first frame, a full-size normal middle-aged man in plaid swim trunks is already standing barefoot with BOTH FEET planted directly on the center of the giant woman’s forehead above her eyebrows. He is holding a white cup. The man is approximately 180 cm tall in the world of the scene. He is NOT miniature, NOT toy-sized, NOT dwarf-sized, NOT shrunken. His size, height, head size, and body proportions must match the men standing around the pool. He must also match the human scale of the pool ladders, chairs, and vending machines. Only the woman is gigantic. The man is NOT standing on a ladder, NOT standing on the pool edge, and NOT climbing down from anywhere. The pool ladders exist only in the background and never interact with him. The giant woman remains lying flat on her back throughout the scene. Her enormous face floats on the water while the full-size normal man stands clearly on top of her forehead. Do not make him grab her nose. ACTION: 0–3s: Wide poolside smartphone shot. The giant blonde woman floats flat on her back. The full-size normal 180 cm man is already balancing on her forehead with both feet. The crowd behind them laughs and films. She looks upward at him with amused, slightly confused eyes. 3–6s: The man moves quickly and awkwardly across her forehead, taking faster unsteady steps and windmilling his arms while trying not to fall. He should not move carefully or slowly. The crowd reacts louder. The phone camera does a slight shaky push-in. 6–9s: He slips suddenly and slides faster down the slope of her giant face toward her nose and mouth. His white cup flies out of his hand. Her eyes track him and her expression changes from amused confusion to surprised disbelief. 9–12s: She opens her mouth very wide in sudden surprise. He slides directly into the open mouth much faster, feet-first, with a more dramatic loss of balance. 12–15s: He falls completely into her open mouth and disappears fully inside. No part of him remains outside. She closes her mouth, blinks in shock, and the people around the pool erupt in cheers, laughter, raised hands, and excited phone filming. CAMERA / REALISM: One continuous viral smartphone shot from poolside, slightly handheld, natural framing, mild compression, realistic fluorescent indoor lighting, convincing wet skin, water reflections, and splashes. No cinematic grading. The impossible scale should still look weirdly believable: giant woman floating on the water + full-size normal 180 cm man standing on her face + normal-size crowd behind them. TONE: Funny, surreal, visually shocking, and energetic, but not horror. No gore, no blood, no violence, no body horror. CRITICAL NEGATIVES: NO man on ladder. NO man on pool edge. NO man climbing into frame. NO nose grabbing. NO miniature man. NO toy-sized man. NO dwarf-sized man. NO shrunken man. NO woman upright in the water. NO giant head standing vertically. NO scale changes. NO broken anatomy. NO extra limbs. NO glitchy transitions. ---- PROMPT 2 (with a screenshot of the man as a reference): ⬇️ 15 seconds, 16:9 horizontal Use the provided man as the reference identity. Keep his face, hairstyle, age, body type, and plaid swim trunks recognizable. He is the same man from the previous scene. Photorealistic absurd surreal comedy continuation. The man is rushing through a huge surreal internal tunnel inspired by a human colon/rectum, but presented like a bizarre water slide. The tunnel is fleshy, pinkish, wet, and organic-looking, with curved tubular walls, but it stays clean and surreal — no gore, no blood, no fecal content. Water rushes around him as if he is riding an impossible fleshy water slide. The man is visible in the frame for most of the sequence, sliding, spinning, yelling, and trying to hold on as he gets carried forward by the rushing water. The tunnel gradually opens into daylight. He shoots out of the end of the surreal organic slide into a bright real outdoor waterpark splash pool. Realistic sunny waterpark setting: colorful slides, shallow pool, splashing water, and a crowd of people cheering and clapping as he bursts out and lands in the water. He pops up from the splash, shocked but unharmed, while everyone applauds. CAMERA STYLE: cinematic but still realistic, smooth motion as if the camera follows him inside the tunnel, then a clean wide exterior shot for the final exit. Strong realism, good water physics, clear continuity, exciting but playful tone. Tone: surreal, hilarious, high-energy, impossible but convincing. Not disgusting, not gory, not sexual. More like a bizarre theme-park sequence. ACTION TIMING: - 0–4s: Inside the surreal organic tunnel, the man slides feet-first through the wet curved passage while splashing water rushes around him. - 4–8s: He tumbles and spins through the fleshy water-slide tunnel, still clearly visible, yelling and flailing. - 8–11s: The tunnel brightens ahead as daylight appears. He accelerates toward the opening. - 11–15s: He blasts out into a real outdoor waterpark pool in a huge splash, the crowd cheers and claps, and he surfaces looking stunned but okay. Important: preserve the man’s identity from the reference. Keep him visible for most of the interior ride. Make the internal tunnel feel like a surreal organic water slide, not graphic anatomy. No gore, no fecal imagery, no body horror, no broken limbs, no glitching. #AIVideo

Made with Seedance 2.5 using 2 prompts (15s each) + manual stitching. PROMPT 1: ⬇️ 15 seconds, 16:9 horizontal, one continuous photorealistic viral smartphone shot. Absurd surreal comedy scene in a small indoor hotel pool. Realistic environment: tiled walls, fluorescent ceiling lights, metal pool ladders at the sides, pool depth markers, white plastic chairs, vending machines, and 6–8 normal-size spectators in swimwear standing around the pool, laughing, cheering, and filming on smartphones. A giant young sexy blonde woman in her early 20s is floating flat on her back in the pool. Her enormous head, neck, and upper shoulders float naturally on the water surface. Her face is almost horizontal, looking upward toward the ceiling. Wet slicked-back blonde hair spreads slightly in the water. She is exceptionally beautiful, youthful, glamorous, and highly photogenic, with blue eyes, glossy wet skin, and realistic pores. At the very first frame, a full-size normal middle-aged man in plaid swim trunks is already standing barefoot with BOTH FEET planted directly on the center of the giant woman’s forehead above her eyebrows. He is holding a white cup. The man is approximately 180 cm tall in the world of the scene. He is NOT miniature, NOT toy-sized, NOT dwarf-sized, NOT shrunken. His size, height, head size, and body proportions must match the men standing around the pool. He must also match the human scale of the pool ladders, chairs, and vending machines. Only the woman is gigantic. The man is NOT standing on a ladder, NOT standing on the pool edge, and NOT climbing down from anywhere. The pool ladders exist only in the background and never interact with him. The giant woman remains lying flat on her back throughout the scene. Her enormous face floats on the water while the full-size normal man stands clearly on top of her forehead. Do not make him grab her nose. ACTION: 0–3s: Wide poolside smartphone shot. The giant blonde woman floats flat on her back. The full-size normal 180 cm man is already balancing on her forehead with both feet. The crowd behind them laughs and films. She looks upward at him with amused, slightly confused eyes. 3–6s: The man moves quickly and awkwardly across her forehead, taking faster unsteady steps and windmilling his arms while trying not to fall. He should not move carefully or slowly. The crowd reacts louder. The phone camera does a slight shaky push-in. 6–9s: He slips suddenly and slides faster down the slope of her giant face toward her nose and mouth. His white cup flies out of his hand. Her eyes track him and her expression changes from amused confusion to surprised disbelief. 9–12s: She opens her mouth very wide in sudden surprise. He slides directly into the open mouth much faster, feet-first, with a more dramatic loss of balance. 12–15s: He falls completely into her open mouth and disappears fully inside. No part of him remains outside. She closes her mouth, blinks in shock, and the people around the pool erupt in cheers, laughter, raised hands, and excited phone filming. CAMERA / REALISM: One continuous viral smartphone shot from poolside, slightly handheld, natural framing, mild compression, realistic fluorescent indoor lighting, convincing wet skin, water reflections, and splashes. No cinematic grading. The impossible scale should still look weirdly believable: giant woman floating on the water + full-size normal 180 cm man standing on her face + normal-size crowd behind them. TONE: Funny, surreal, visually shocking, and energetic, but not horror. No gore, no blood, no violence, no body horror. CRITICAL NEGATIVES: NO man on ladder. NO man on pool edge. NO man climbing into frame. NO nose grabbing. NO miniature man. NO toy-sized man. NO dwarf-sized man. NO shrunken man. NO woman upright in the water. NO giant head standing vertically. NO scale changes. NO broken anatomy. NO extra limbs. NO glitchy transitions. ---- PROMPT 2 (with a screenshot of the man as a reference): ⬇️ 15 seconds, 16:9 horizontal Use the provided man as the reference identity. Keep his face, hairstyle, age, body type, and plaid swim trunks recognizable. He is the same man from the previous scene. Photorealistic absurd surreal comedy continuation. The man is rushing through a huge surreal internal tunnel inspired by a human colon/rectum, but presented like a bizarre water slide. The tunnel is fleshy, pinkish, wet, and organic-looking, with curved tubular walls, but it stays clean and surreal — no gore, no blood, no fecal content. Water rushes around him as if he is riding an impossible fleshy water slide. The man is visible in the frame for most of the sequence, sliding, spinning, yelling, and trying to hold on as he gets carried forward by the rushing water. The tunnel gradually opens into daylight. He shoots out of the end of the surreal organic slide into a bright real outdoor waterpark splash pool. Realistic sunny waterpark setting: colorful slides, shallow pool, splashing water, and a crowd of people cheering and clapping as he bursts out and lands in the water. He pops up from the splash, shocked but unharmed, while everyone applauds. CAMERA STYLE: cinematic but still realistic, smooth motion as if the camera follows him inside the tunnel, then a clean wide exterior shot for the final exit. Strong realism, good water physics, clear continuity, exciting but playful tone. Tone: surreal, hilarious, high-energy, impossible but convincing. Not disgusting, not gory, not sexual. More like a bizarre theme-park sequence. ACTION TIMING: - 0–4s: Inside the surreal organic tunnel, the man slides feet-first through the wet curved passage while splashing water rushes around him. - 4–8s: He tumbles and spins through the fleshy water-slide tunnel, still clearly visible, yelling and flailing. - 8–11s: The tunnel brightens ahead as daylight appears. He accelerates toward the opening. - 11–15s: He blasts out into a real outdoor waterpark pool in a huge splash, the crowd cheers and claps, and he surfaces looking stunned but okay. Important: preserve the man’s identity from the reference. Keep him visible for most of the interior ride. Make the internal tunnel feel like a surreal organic water slide, not graphic anatomy. No gore, no fecal imagery, no body horror, no broken limbs, no glitching. #AIVideo

Alpha Mom

91,387 просмотров • 13 дней назад

** MEGA Parodius Scaling Effects Part 1 ** One of the big challenges with the Parodius Megadrive port is Stage 8's boss - The puffer-fish *Pooyan* with his full screen scaling effect. The goal is to be very close to the arcade (with extras on top ) so I thought lets tackle it head on to see how close we can get. I was also keen to jump into another scaling code rabit hole haha. Pyron pulled out all the stops and got me the source frames and reworked the BG tiles for this test - a big thankyou to him , Vector Orbitex is busy working on Stage 2 tracks so the team is working hard all round on this port. The MD has no sprite / background GFX scaling hardware , however the VDPs Vertical scroll can be updated per scanline to help vertical scaling on backgrounds, but there is a cpu cost to manage all the interupts so thats not free either. With the Horizontal scaling there is no help at all , apart from a semi-friendly packed pixel format for the cpu to work with, its not quite chunky format but better than planar format still for scaling. So its falls back to the 68k CPU to do all of the horizontal expansion which is the largest cpu cost. Basically drawing strips of either 1x, 2x, 3x or 4x wide columns at speed. So we are one week into this Boss's routine and you can see from the below video the horizontal scaling is implented ( vertical will be in the next update ) . We are scaling from 1x to 4x in the video below in 74 steps for testing . The column distributions are always a bit painfull to do - thankfully they are all worked out now. This is the third scaler I have built and the goal was with this one to make it really flexible for use in other projects also, sometimes when you optimise something to the last degree all the flexibility gets taken out of it. Currenty scaling at 12-25 FPS update here, I had some rules against some optimisations which I would use and some I wouldn't , thankfully we are a bit ahead of the Arcades animation frame rate here still and I may yet find optimisations that fit within the scope. We have vertical scaling and sprite spikes to add yet so Im hoping i can find a few more optimisations to offset things when they are implemented also. In a scale frame update we are processing close to 42000 pixels in ram before using DMA to send to VRAM . Using a 41x16 (656 tile scale buffer) - single buffered for now due to its size in VRAM. So thats nearly 21k in tiles ! I had to re-organise ram a bit to support a buffer of that size for the stage. The scaling function is written in 68k assembly , with a little C code handling the Vertical interupt code ( so the game logic can actually run & DMA updates etc ) . The DMA routines are in assembly also and customised for large chunk size ( big blocks of tiles ) which suits the scaler. I had some race conditions to sort out where the cpu was faster than DMA (sending tiles from RAM to VRAM ) and in some cases where it wasn't so it had to be balanced. We may be able to add more detail into the top and bottom of the background yet but its low priority for now until all the other bits are in !! #SGDK #SegaMegadrive #Genesis #Parodius

MEGA Parodius Scaling Effects Part 1 One of the big challenges with the Parodius Megadrive port is Stage 8's boss - The puffer-fish Pooyan with his full screen scaling effect. The goal is to be very close to the arcade (with extras on top ) so I thought lets tackle it head on to see how close we can get. I was also keen to jump into another scaling code rabit hole haha. Pyron pulled out all the stops and got me the source frames and reworked the BG tiles for this test - a big thankyou to him , Vector Orbitex is busy working on Stage 2 tracks so the team is working hard all round on this port. The MD has no sprite / background GFX scaling hardware , however the VDPs Vertical scroll can be updated per scanline to help vertical scaling on backgrounds, but there is a cpu cost to manage all the interupts so thats not free either. With the Horizontal scaling there is no help at all , apart from a semi-friendly packed pixel format for the cpu to work with, its not quite chunky format but better than planar format still for scaling. So its falls back to the 68k CPU to do all of the horizontal expansion which is the largest cpu cost. Basically drawing strips of either 1x, 2x, 3x or 4x wide columns at speed. So we are one week into this Boss's routine and you can see from the below video the horizontal scaling is implented ( vertical will be in the next update ) . We are scaling from 1x to 4x in the video below in 74 steps for testing . The column distributions are always a bit painfull to do - thankfully they are all worked out now. This is the third scaler I have built and the goal was with this one to make it really flexible for use in other projects also, sometimes when you optimise something to the last degree all the flexibility gets taken out of it. Currenty scaling at 12-25 FPS update here, I had some rules against some optimisations which I would use and some I wouldn't , thankfully we are a bit ahead of the Arcades animation frame rate here still and I may yet find optimisations that fit within the scope. We have vertical scaling and sprite spikes to add yet so Im hoping i can find a few more optimisations to offset things when they are implemented also. In a scale frame update we are processing close to 42000 pixels in ram before using DMA to send to VRAM . Using a 41x16 (656 tile scale buffer) - single buffered for now due to its size in VRAM. So thats nearly 21k in tiles ! I had to re-organise ram a bit to support a buffer of that size for the stage. The scaling function is written in 68k assembly , with a little C code handling the Vertical interupt code ( so the game logic can actually run & DMA updates etc ) . The DMA routines are in assembly also and customised for large chunk size ( big blocks of tiles ) which suits the scaler. I had some race conditions to sort out where the cpu was faster than DMA (sending tiles from RAM to VRAM ) and in some cases where it wasn't so it had to be balanced. We may be able to add more detail into the top and bottom of the background yet but its low priority for now until all the other bits are in !! #SGDK #SegaMegadrive #Genesis #Parodius

Shannon Birt

25,545 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

MH370: Lithium Cargo, Semiconductor Scientists, and the Frequency-Wave Interception Theory TL;DR: Under the full Frequency Wave Theory interpretation, MH370 was not a conventional crash. The aircraft was carrying large lithium battery cargo and a group of advanced semiconductor specialists. According to this theory, a U.S. black-budget surveillance operation using wide-area ISR systems such as Gorgon Stare V2 tracked the aircraft, after which a tri-orb plasma resonance system intercepted the jet and displaced it through a phase-shift event. The aircraft was allegedly relocated to Diego Garcia. The scenario connects lithium cargo risk, strategic semiconductor competition, intelligence surveillance networks, and frequency-based field manipulation. —————————— On March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 vanished while flying from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people aboard. The official investigation concluded that the aircraft deviated from its flight path and likely flew south into the Indian Ocean before crashing. However, the wreckage has never been conclusively located, and the chain of events remains one of the most puzzling mysteries in aviation history. Several unusual elements surrounding the flight have fueled alternative interpretations. The cargo manifest confirmed that the aircraft carried a shipment of lithium-ion batteries, which are known to pose thermal and fire risks in aviation transport. Lithium batteries can enter runaway reactions when damaged or improperly stored, generating intense heat and electromagnetic disturbance. In a conventional investigation, this cargo is treated primarily as a possible fire hazard. In a Frequency Wave Theory framework, however, lithium battery packs represent something else: a dense electromagnetic energy reservoir capable of interacting strongly with surrounding fields. Another point of interest is the passenger list. Reports circulated that approximately twenty engineers connected to advanced semiconductor research were on board. Semiconductor technology sits at the heart of modern geopolitics, powering everything from artificial intelligence to missile guidance systems. The loss of a group of specialists connected to chip fabrication and electronics development would represent a strategic event, not merely a tragic accident. This has led some investigators and researchers to speculate that the aircraft may have been targeted or intercepted because of the individuals aboard. The intelligence dimension deepens when surveillance infrastructure is considered. Modern military monitoring systems can track enormous areas of the planet simultaneously using wide-area motion imagery (WAMI). One example is the Gorgon Stare V2 system used on MQ-9 Reaper drones, capable of observing entire cities and tracking thousands of moving objects at once. In a theoretical scenario where MH370 entered a monitored corridor, such a system could maintain continuous visual and infrared coverage of the aircraft even after it disappeared from civilian radar. According to the theory circulated by the researcher known online as RegicideAnon, the aircraft was captured simultaneously by two surveillance perspectives: a thermal imaging system consistent with a targeting pod and a wide-area optical platform. The videos associated with this claim appear to show three luminous spherical objects orbiting the aircraft in a rotating triangular pattern. In the Frequency Wave Theory model, this geometry is not arbitrary. Three rotating emitters form a stable standing-wave cavity capable of phase-locking to a target object. Frequency Wave Theory proposes that all matter exists as coherent standing waves within a universal scalar field Φ. Objects maintain stability through conserved Frequency Momentum: FM = ½ ρ ω A² If an external system can measure and phase-lock to an object’s resonance signature, it becomes possible to manipulate the object’s inertial coupling with spacetime. The three rotating orbs observed in the footage could represent nodes of a resonance field surrounding the aircraft. By synchronizing their emissions, the system could gradually reduce the plane’s inertial anchoring through Frequency Momentum transfer. As the phase alignment intensifies, the aircraft’s coherence state approaches a critical boundary where the phase differential approaches |Δφ| → π. At this threshold, a phase-inversion bubble can form — essentially a localized cavity in spacetime where conventional inertia is suppressed. When the cavity collapses, the aircraft’s wave structure transitions out of the local coordinate frame. The bright flash seen in the footage would therefore represent a rapid phase transition rather than an explosion. The aircraft does not disintegrate; it exits the observable frame. Conservation still applies: FM_in ≈ FM_out The system transfers Frequency Momentum from the aircraft into another region of the field, allowing the object to reappear elsewhere. In the version of events proposed by this theory, the destination was the U.S. military installation on Diego Garcia, located in the central Indian Ocean. Diego Garcia hosts major surveillance infrastructure, strategic bomber facilities, and advanced tracking systems. Its remote location and high security would make it a plausible site for receiving or containing a displaced aircraft. The alleged involvement of U.S. personnel has also been connected to the case of Edward Lin, a U.S. Navy flight officer later convicted in espionage-related charges involving sensitive surveillance information. Some researchers speculate that knowledge of the operation or the existence of the videos may have circulated within intelligence channels connected to that case, although no official link has ever been confirmed. Under this interpretation, the disappearance of MH370 becomes something very different from a lost aircraft. The lithium cargo becomes a potential energy-interaction variable, the semiconductor engineers represent strategic technological assets, and the surveillance network reveals that the aircraft may have been tracked continuously even after leaving civilian radar coverage. —————————— From the Frequency Wave Theory perspective, MH370 represents the first public glimpse of a hidden technological capability: the manipulation of matter through resonance control. The rotating plasma orbs act as field emitters that can phase-lock to a target, redistribute Frequency Momentum, and temporarily decouple the object from local spacetime. In that framework, the aircraft did not simply fall into the ocean. It was intercepted, resonance-captured, and relocated through advanced frequency engineering.

MH370: Lithium Cargo, Semiconductor Scientists, and the Frequency-Wave Interception Theory TL;DR: Under the full Frequency Wave Theory interpretation, MH370 was not a conventional crash. The aircraft was carrying large lithium battery cargo and a group of advanced semiconductor specialists. According to this theory, a U.S. black-budget surveillance operation using wide-area ISR systems such as Gorgon Stare V2 tracked the aircraft, after which a tri-orb plasma resonance system intercepted the jet and displaced it through a phase-shift event. The aircraft was allegedly relocated to Diego Garcia. The scenario connects lithium cargo risk, strategic semiconductor competition, intelligence surveillance networks, and frequency-based field manipulation. —————————— On March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 vanished while flying from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people aboard. The official investigation concluded that the aircraft deviated from its flight path and likely flew south into the Indian Ocean before crashing. However, the wreckage has never been conclusively located, and the chain of events remains one of the most puzzling mysteries in aviation history. Several unusual elements surrounding the flight have fueled alternative interpretations. The cargo manifest confirmed that the aircraft carried a shipment of lithium-ion batteries, which are known to pose thermal and fire risks in aviation transport. Lithium batteries can enter runaway reactions when damaged or improperly stored, generating intense heat and electromagnetic disturbance. In a conventional investigation, this cargo is treated primarily as a possible fire hazard. In a Frequency Wave Theory framework, however, lithium battery packs represent something else: a dense electromagnetic energy reservoir capable of interacting strongly with surrounding fields. Another point of interest is the passenger list. Reports circulated that approximately twenty engineers connected to advanced semiconductor research were on board. Semiconductor technology sits at the heart of modern geopolitics, powering everything from artificial intelligence to missile guidance systems. The loss of a group of specialists connected to chip fabrication and electronics development would represent a strategic event, not merely a tragic accident. This has led some investigators and researchers to speculate that the aircraft may have been targeted or intercepted because of the individuals aboard. The intelligence dimension deepens when surveillance infrastructure is considered. Modern military monitoring systems can track enormous areas of the planet simultaneously using wide-area motion imagery (WAMI). One example is the Gorgon Stare V2 system used on MQ-9 Reaper drones, capable of observing entire cities and tracking thousands of moving objects at once. In a theoretical scenario where MH370 entered a monitored corridor, such a system could maintain continuous visual and infrared coverage of the aircraft even after it disappeared from civilian radar. According to the theory circulated by the researcher known online as RegicideAnon, the aircraft was captured simultaneously by two surveillance perspectives: a thermal imaging system consistent with a targeting pod and a wide-area optical platform. The videos associated with this claim appear to show three luminous spherical objects orbiting the aircraft in a rotating triangular pattern. In the Frequency Wave Theory model, this geometry is not arbitrary. Three rotating emitters form a stable standing-wave cavity capable of phase-locking to a target object. Frequency Wave Theory proposes that all matter exists as coherent standing waves within a universal scalar field Φ. Objects maintain stability through conserved Frequency Momentum: FM = ½ ρ ω A² If an external system can measure and phase-lock to an object’s resonance signature, it becomes possible to manipulate the object’s inertial coupling with spacetime. The three rotating orbs observed in the footage could represent nodes of a resonance field surrounding the aircraft. By synchronizing their emissions, the system could gradually reduce the plane’s inertial anchoring through Frequency Momentum transfer. As the phase alignment intensifies, the aircraft’s coherence state approaches a critical boundary where the phase differential approaches |Δφ| → π. At this threshold, a phase-inversion bubble can form — essentially a localized cavity in spacetime where conventional inertia is suppressed. When the cavity collapses, the aircraft’s wave structure transitions out of the local coordinate frame. The bright flash seen in the footage would therefore represent a rapid phase transition rather than an explosion. The aircraft does not disintegrate; it exits the observable frame. Conservation still applies: FM_in ≈ FM_out The system transfers Frequency Momentum from the aircraft into another region of the field, allowing the object to reappear elsewhere. In the version of events proposed by this theory, the destination was the U.S. military installation on Diego Garcia, located in the central Indian Ocean. Diego Garcia hosts major surveillance infrastructure, strategic bomber facilities, and advanced tracking systems. Its remote location and high security would make it a plausible site for receiving or containing a displaced aircraft. The alleged involvement of U.S. personnel has also been connected to the case of Edward Lin, a U.S. Navy flight officer later convicted in espionage-related charges involving sensitive surveillance information. Some researchers speculate that knowledge of the operation or the existence of the videos may have circulated within intelligence channels connected to that case, although no official link has ever been confirmed. Under this interpretation, the disappearance of MH370 becomes something very different from a lost aircraft. The lithium cargo becomes a potential energy-interaction variable, the semiconductor engineers represent strategic technological assets, and the surveillance network reveals that the aircraft may have been tracked continuously even after leaving civilian radar coverage. —————————— From the Frequency Wave Theory perspective, MH370 represents the first public glimpse of a hidden technological capability: the manipulation of matter through resonance control. The rotating plasma orbs act as field emitters that can phase-lock to a target, redistribute Frequency Momentum, and temporarily decouple the object from local spacetime. In that framework, the aircraft did not simply fall into the ocean. It was intercepted, resonance-captured, and relocated through advanced frequency engineering.

Drew Ponder

14,294 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

The Nordic Trio: A Tough Match for Russian Corvettes Russian corvettes are among the most heavily armed on the planet, but they would run into trouble against their Nordic counterparts. The Russian corvettes of the Karakurt class are the most heavily armed ones I know of. They carry Kalibr missiles with a range of 2,500 km and hypersonic Zircon missiles. They would be capable of inflicting significant damage on the entire European fleet, which lacks defenses against the Zircon. The Karakurt also features a version of the Pantsir system with a range of 40 km, tested for intercepting ballistic missiles. Yes, the Karakurt demonstrates how the concept of sea dominance can shift with even small vessels capable of projecting power over long distances. However, there is a trio that would serve as a formidable barrier to the Russian corvettes: the Skjold, Hamina, and Visby. The stealth corvettes from Finland, Sweden, and Norway would be a massive headache for the Karakurt, precisely because of their small size and stealth architecture. The Karakurt may possess Kalibr missiles with a 2,500 km range or Zircons capable of reaching nearly 1,000 km, but to locate their targets, the Karakurt relies on drones like the Altius-U, equipped with a multimode sensor suite and multiple capabilities. Facing this trio would not be an easy match for the Altius, precisely because these vessels are designed for operations in contested environments, with an emphasis on low observability. Imagine trying to locate the Skjold, with its advanced stealth design featuring radar-absorbent materials, angular shapes, and a drastically reduced RCS, weighing only 270 tons? On the Altius's radar, it might appear as a small fishing boat under good conditions. And what about the Hamina? Built with aluminum and a composite superstructure (Kevlar and absorbent materials), it reduces radar, thermal, magnetic, and acoustic signatures. With a very low RCS, it would blend into maritime clutter (waves and small objects), operating in silent mode with electronic jamming. And the Visby? This is the stealthiest of all. Made from carbon fiber composites, with angular shapes, retractable/embedded weapons, and reductions in all signatures (RCS up to 99% lower, IR, acoustic, magnetic, hydrodynamic wake), plus advanced jamming and optimized operations to deny aerial sensors. All of them leverage integration with archipelagos for natural camouflage. What could the Altius-U do? Its active radar would need to operate in high-resolution modes, with drastically reduced range (possibly just a few dozen km); EO/IR for optical/thermal identification at extreme close range; SIGINT/ELINT to capture any residual emissions. This would require multiple drones operating in a coordinated manner with much greater exposure, putting the drones at risk from anti-air defenses, plus a bit of luck. By this point, larger vessels might have already been turned into fish habitats by the Zircons and Kalibrs, but this trio would still be standing. The resilience of this trio would force the Karakurt to risk approaching and entering the range of the Nordic corvettes, which are well armed with modern missiles. To make it even harder, all three have ASW capabilities, which would require attention from submarines. The truth is that the Karakurt's target acquisition would only face difficulties in Nordic waters or regions within range of coastal batteries, putting the corvettes themselves at risk. But with greater range and lower visibility, the Russian corvettes would terrorize larger vessels. The Karakurt are capable of providing area denial over thousands of kilometers, demonstrating a new concept in naval area denial. Specifically at this case, The Altius-U would prioritize radar for wide-area scanning, followed by EO/IR and SIGINT for refinement, but the stealth of these corvettes reduces effective ranges and increases failure risks.

The Nordic Trio: A Tough Match for Russian Corvettes Russian corvettes are among the most heavily armed on the planet, but they would run into trouble against their Nordic counterparts. The Russian corvettes of the Karakurt class are the most heavily armed ones I know of. They carry Kalibr missiles with a range of 2,500 km and hypersonic Zircon missiles. They would be capable of inflicting significant damage on the entire European fleet, which lacks defenses against the Zircon. The Karakurt also features a version of the Pantsir system with a range of 40 km, tested for intercepting ballistic missiles. Yes, the Karakurt demonstrates how the concept of sea dominance can shift with even small vessels capable of projecting power over long distances. However, there is a trio that would serve as a formidable barrier to the Russian corvettes: the Skjold, Hamina, and Visby. The stealth corvettes from Finland, Sweden, and Norway would be a massive headache for the Karakurt, precisely because of their small size and stealth architecture. The Karakurt may possess Kalibr missiles with a 2,500 km range or Zircons capable of reaching nearly 1,000 km, but to locate their targets, the Karakurt relies on drones like the Altius-U, equipped with a multimode sensor suite and multiple capabilities. Facing this trio would not be an easy match for the Altius, precisely because these vessels are designed for operations in contested environments, with an emphasis on low observability. Imagine trying to locate the Skjold, with its advanced stealth design featuring radar-absorbent materials, angular shapes, and a drastically reduced RCS, weighing only 270 tons? On the Altius's radar, it might appear as a small fishing boat under good conditions. And what about the Hamina? Built with aluminum and a composite superstructure (Kevlar and absorbent materials), it reduces radar, thermal, magnetic, and acoustic signatures. With a very low RCS, it would blend into maritime clutter (waves and small objects), operating in silent mode with electronic jamming. And the Visby? This is the stealthiest of all. Made from carbon fiber composites, with angular shapes, retractable/embedded weapons, and reductions in all signatures (RCS up to 99% lower, IR, acoustic, magnetic, hydrodynamic wake), plus advanced jamming and optimized operations to deny aerial sensors. All of them leverage integration with archipelagos for natural camouflage. What could the Altius-U do? Its active radar would need to operate in high-resolution modes, with drastically reduced range (possibly just a few dozen km); EO/IR for optical/thermal identification at extreme close range; SIGINT/ELINT to capture any residual emissions. This would require multiple drones operating in a coordinated manner with much greater exposure, putting the drones at risk from anti-air defenses, plus a bit of luck. By this point, larger vessels might have already been turned into fish habitats by the Zircons and Kalibrs, but this trio would still be standing. The resilience of this trio would force the Karakurt to risk approaching and entering the range of the Nordic corvettes, which are well armed with modern missiles. To make it even harder, all three have ASW capabilities, which would require attention from submarines. The truth is that the Karakurt's target acquisition would only face difficulties in Nordic waters or regions within range of coastal batteries, putting the corvettes themselves at risk. But with greater range and lower visibility, the Russian corvettes would terrorize larger vessels. The Karakurt are capable of providing area denial over thousands of kilometers, demonstrating a new concept in naval area denial. Specifically at this case, The Altius-U would prioritize radar for wide-area scanning, followed by EO/IR and SIGINT for refinement, but the stealth of these corvettes reduces effective ranges and increases failure risks.

Patricia Marins

30,064 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

I am a Senior Land Registrar in the Civil Administration for Judea and Samaria, and I want to be clear: I have never held a weapon in my professional capacity. My tools are a surveyor's plat, a GIS database, a stack of Ottoman-era property records that conveniently lack the documentation standards we now require, and a stamp that says APPROVED in Hebrew and English but not Arabic. I process between 40 and 60 land status determinations per week. Each one takes approximately 90 minutes. I drink two coffees per determination. My colleagues call me thorough. I've been doing this for eleven years. In that time I have processed approximately 14,000 individual determinations. If you converted my career output into a map overlay — which our GIS department did last year for the annual review — it would show a territory roughly the size of Luxembourg redesignated from "ambiguous ownership" to "state land." My director presented this at the ministry's year-end function. There was cake. Someone made a joke about me being the most productive person in the building. I am. By parcel count, no one else comes close. When I redesignate a parcel as state land, I am not "taking" anything. I am correcting a clerical ambiguity. The land was always state land — it simply hadn't been properly registered. The fact that a family has grazed sheep on it for four generations is not, in a legal sense, documentation. A hand-drawn boundary marker is not a cadastral survey. An olive grove planted by someone's grandfather is not a title deed. I don't make the rules. I apply them. Consistently. 60 times per week. The consistency is the point. Let me explain the permit system, because the international press gets it wrong every time. A Palestinian resident of Area C may apply for a building permit. This is their right. We process every application through the standard review framework: zoning compliance, infrastructure capacity, environmental impact, archaeological sensitivity, security corridor proximity, and what we call "master plan alignment" — whether the proposed structure fits within the approved development outline for that locality. The issue is that most Palestinian localities in Area C do not have approved development outlines. We have not yet gotten to them. There are staffing constraints. We are, I should note, processing Israeli settlement development outlines at a rate of approximately 12 per quarter. The Palestinian ones are in the queue. My rejection rate on Palestinian building permit applications is 99.3%. I know this because a European NGO published it, and my supervisor forwarded the article to the department with a single comment: "consistency." I took it as a compliment. Consistency is what separates administration from chaos. If I approved permits selectively, THAT would be discrimination. I reject them uniformly. On identical grounds. With identical language. There is an elegance to it that I don't think the NGOs appreciate. When a structure is built without the permit I've denied, my colleagues in the enforcement division issue a demolition order. 1,768 last year. Some people call this a cycle. I call it a system functioning correctly. You apply for a permit. The permit is denied based on established zoning criteria. You build without authorization. The unauthorized structure is removed. Each step follows from the last with the inevitability of arithmetic. I don't demolish homes. I maintain the integrity of the planning framework. The distinction matters to me professionally. There's a form — I won't bore you with the number, but it's a green form — that we file after each demolition confirming the enforcement action was "consistent with the applicable planning regime." I have signed this form 1,768 times in the last fiscal year. My signature is the same every time. The form is the same every time. Only the GPS coordinates change. The new staff sometimes ask about appeals. There is an appeals process. It routes through our office. The appeal is reviewed against the same criteria that produced the initial denial. The criteria have not changed. The appeal is denied. There is an elegance to closed systems that young people don't yet appreciate. Give them time. After 14,000 determinations, you stop seeing individual cases and start seeing the architecture. It's cleaner that way. The Minister visited our office last month. Smotrich. He toured the open-plan floor where my team sits — 23 registrars, four GIS analysts, two cartographers, and a woman named Dina who manages the Ottoman-era archive. He reviewed the quarterly land registration targets. 200 square kilometers redesignated by end of fiscal year. We're ahead of schedule. He told us we were "building the state one parcel at a time." I appreciated that he understood the granularity. The newspapers write about settlements in the abstract. Grand strategy. Geopolitics. They don't understand that a settlement is, at its foundation, a series of correctly filed forms. A sovereignty claim is a stack of cadastral surveys with the appropriate ministerial stamps. A border is wherever the last registration order reaches. I know because I process the registration orders. The border is currently 14 kilometers further east than it was when I started this job. I moved it. With a stamp. Over 4,000 working days. At a rate of 90 minutes per determination. I processed the Sa-Nur reopening paperwork personally. This was a point of professional pride. Eight forms. Three ministerial signatures. One environmental impact waiver (expedited track — the site had been previously developed, so the environmental baseline was already established). One security corridor certification. One infrastructure capacity assessment (pre-approved — the road was already built in 2003). The total processing time was four hours and eleven minutes. The Minister called it a "historic correction" on television that evening. I liked that. "Correction." It's the same language I use in my determination memos when a previous assessment is found to contain a classification error. We are correcting. Not conquering. Not expanding. Correcting a 2005 administrative error, remedied through the standard review process, filed under the appropriate statute, stamped with the same stamp I use 60 times per week. The stamp doesn't know the difference between a routine parcel redesignation and the reopening of an evacuated settlement. It just stamps. Like me. My favorite part of the job is the roads. I don't process roads directly — that's the Infrastructure Planning Division — but I handle the land designations that make roads possible. When a road needs to connect Settlement A to Settlement B, the parcels along the proposed route must first be redesignated as state land available for infrastructure development. This is where I come in. I process the redesignation determinations — typically 30 to 50 per road, depending on length and terrain — and then the Infrastructure Division handles the construction authorization. When completed, the road creates what we call "territorial continuity" in the planning language. The newspapers call it "facts on the ground." My GIS colleagues call it "reducing the solution space" — meaning that the geometric options for any future border decrease with each road built. But from my desk, it's simply a transportation infrastructure request routed through the standard approval process. The road doesn't know it's political. It's just asphalt. It just happens to be asphalt that makes a future Palestinian state geometrically impossible — but that's a question for cartographers and diplomats, not land registrars. I don't draw borders. I draw parcels. The borders happen as a consequence. The 34-settlement approval from March was the largest batch I've ever processed. My team worked weekends — something we normally reserve for end-of-fiscal-year deadlines. Each settlement requires between 80 and 120 individual parcel determinations. Multiply by 34. My coffee consumption that month was medically inadvisable. But we met the deadline. The Minister's office sent a commendation email. Form letter. Same language they use for any department that meets quarterly targets. "Your contribution to the national mission is appreciated." I have received 11 of these emails over my career. I keep them in a folder labeled RECOGNITION. Someone from a European fact-finding delegation visited last year and asked me if I ever thought about "the human impact" of my work. I told her that I think about zoning compliance, infrastructure capacity, environmental impact, archaeological sensitivity, security corridor proximity, and master plan alignment. Those are the criteria. They are applied uniformly. There is no field on my forms for "human impact." If there were, I would fill it in. Consistently. With the same attention to accuracy that I bring to every other field. She asked a follow-up question about whether I'd ever visited the communities affected by my determinations. I told her that site visits are conducted by the survey team, not the registration team. Division of labor. I work from satellite imagery, GIS overlays, and the Ottoman archive. I have never set foot on most of the parcels I've redesignated. I don't need to. The data is sufficient. The forms are complete. The stamp is the same regardless of what's physically on the ground. I understand that 14,000 determinations, viewed from a certain altitude, might look like something other than administration. I understand that a territory the size of Luxembourg, redesignated over eleven years, might look like something other than clerical correction. I understand that a 99.3% rejection rate, sustained over a decade, might look like something other than consistent application of established criteria. But I would ask: at what point in my daily work did I cross a line? Which specific determination? Which form? Which stamp? There is no moment in 14,000 determinations where administration becomes something else. There is only the next form. The next coffee. The next 90-minute assessment. A spreadsheet that grows. Cell by cell. Row by row. Until the map matches the plan that the Minister published eight years before I received the quarterly targets that translated it into parcel counts. But the plan is above my pay grade. I just file the paperwork. Sixty times per week. Two coffees per filing. Luxembourg in eleven years. I have never held a weapon.

I am a Senior Land Registrar in the Civil Administration for Judea and Samaria, and I want to be clear: I have never held a weapon in my professional capacity. My tools are a surveyor's plat, a GIS database, a stack of Ottoman-era property records that conveniently lack the documentation standards we now require, and a stamp that says APPROVED in Hebrew and English but not Arabic. I process between 40 and 60 land status determinations per week. Each one takes approximately 90 minutes. I drink two coffees per determination. My colleagues call me thorough. I've been doing this for eleven years. In that time I have processed approximately 14,000 individual determinations. If you converted my career output into a map overlay — which our GIS department did last year for the annual review — it would show a territory roughly the size of Luxembourg redesignated from "ambiguous ownership" to "state land." My director presented this at the ministry's year-end function. There was cake. Someone made a joke about me being the most productive person in the building. I am. By parcel count, no one else comes close. When I redesignate a parcel as state land, I am not "taking" anything. I am correcting a clerical ambiguity. The land was always state land — it simply hadn't been properly registered. The fact that a family has grazed sheep on it for four generations is not, in a legal sense, documentation. A hand-drawn boundary marker is not a cadastral survey. An olive grove planted by someone's grandfather is not a title deed. I don't make the rules. I apply them. Consistently. 60 times per week. The consistency is the point. Let me explain the permit system, because the international press gets it wrong every time. A Palestinian resident of Area C may apply for a building permit. This is their right. We process every application through the standard review framework: zoning compliance, infrastructure capacity, environmental impact, archaeological sensitivity, security corridor proximity, and what we call "master plan alignment" — whether the proposed structure fits within the approved development outline for that locality. The issue is that most Palestinian localities in Area C do not have approved development outlines. We have not yet gotten to them. There are staffing constraints. We are, I should note, processing Israeli settlement development outlines at a rate of approximately 12 per quarter. The Palestinian ones are in the queue. My rejection rate on Palestinian building permit applications is 99.3%. I know this because a European NGO published it, and my supervisor forwarded the article to the department with a single comment: "consistency." I took it as a compliment. Consistency is what separates administration from chaos. If I approved permits selectively, THAT would be discrimination. I reject them uniformly. On identical grounds. With identical language. There is an elegance to it that I don't think the NGOs appreciate. When a structure is built without the permit I've denied, my colleagues in the enforcement division issue a demolition order. 1,768 last year. Some people call this a cycle. I call it a system functioning correctly. You apply for a permit. The permit is denied based on established zoning criteria. You build without authorization. The unauthorized structure is removed. Each step follows from the last with the inevitability of arithmetic. I don't demolish homes. I maintain the integrity of the planning framework. The distinction matters to me professionally. There's a form — I won't bore you with the number, but it's a green form — that we file after each demolition confirming the enforcement action was "consistent with the applicable planning regime." I have signed this form 1,768 times in the last fiscal year. My signature is the same every time. The form is the same every time. Only the GPS coordinates change. The new staff sometimes ask about appeals. There is an appeals process. It routes through our office. The appeal is reviewed against the same criteria that produced the initial denial. The criteria have not changed. The appeal is denied. There is an elegance to closed systems that young people don't yet appreciate. Give them time. After 14,000 determinations, you stop seeing individual cases and start seeing the architecture. It's cleaner that way. The Minister visited our office last month. Smotrich. He toured the open-plan floor where my team sits — 23 registrars, four GIS analysts, two cartographers, and a woman named Dina who manages the Ottoman-era archive. He reviewed the quarterly land registration targets. 200 square kilometers redesignated by end of fiscal year. We're ahead of schedule. He told us we were "building the state one parcel at a time." I appreciated that he understood the granularity. The newspapers write about settlements in the abstract. Grand strategy. Geopolitics. They don't understand that a settlement is, at its foundation, a series of correctly filed forms. A sovereignty claim is a stack of cadastral surveys with the appropriate ministerial stamps. A border is wherever the last registration order reaches. I know because I process the registration orders. The border is currently 14 kilometers further east than it was when I started this job. I moved it. With a stamp. Over 4,000 working days. At a rate of 90 minutes per determination. I processed the Sa-Nur reopening paperwork personally. This was a point of professional pride. Eight forms. Three ministerial signatures. One environmental impact waiver (expedited track — the site had been previously developed, so the environmental baseline was already established). One security corridor certification. One infrastructure capacity assessment (pre-approved — the road was already built in 2003). The total processing time was four hours and eleven minutes. The Minister called it a "historic correction" on television that evening. I liked that. "Correction." It's the same language I use in my determination memos when a previous assessment is found to contain a classification error. We are correcting. Not conquering. Not expanding. Correcting a 2005 administrative error, remedied through the standard review process, filed under the appropriate statute, stamped with the same stamp I use 60 times per week. The stamp doesn't know the difference between a routine parcel redesignation and the reopening of an evacuated settlement. It just stamps. Like me. My favorite part of the job is the roads. I don't process roads directly — that's the Infrastructure Planning Division — but I handle the land designations that make roads possible. When a road needs to connect Settlement A to Settlement B, the parcels along the proposed route must first be redesignated as state land available for infrastructure development. This is where I come in. I process the redesignation determinations — typically 30 to 50 per road, depending on length and terrain — and then the Infrastructure Division handles the construction authorization. When completed, the road creates what we call "territorial continuity" in the planning language. The newspapers call it "facts on the ground." My GIS colleagues call it "reducing the solution space" — meaning that the geometric options for any future border decrease with each road built. But from my desk, it's simply a transportation infrastructure request routed through the standard approval process. The road doesn't know it's political. It's just asphalt. It just happens to be asphalt that makes a future Palestinian state geometrically impossible — but that's a question for cartographers and diplomats, not land registrars. I don't draw borders. I draw parcels. The borders happen as a consequence. The 34-settlement approval from March was the largest batch I've ever processed. My team worked weekends — something we normally reserve for end-of-fiscal-year deadlines. Each settlement requires between 80 and 120 individual parcel determinations. Multiply by 34. My coffee consumption that month was medically inadvisable. But we met the deadline. The Minister's office sent a commendation email. Form letter. Same language they use for any department that meets quarterly targets. "Your contribution to the national mission is appreciated." I have received 11 of these emails over my career. I keep them in a folder labeled RECOGNITION. Someone from a European fact-finding delegation visited last year and asked me if I ever thought about "the human impact" of my work. I told her that I think about zoning compliance, infrastructure capacity, environmental impact, archaeological sensitivity, security corridor proximity, and master plan alignment. Those are the criteria. They are applied uniformly. There is no field on my forms for "human impact." If there were, I would fill it in. Consistently. With the same attention to accuracy that I bring to every other field. She asked a follow-up question about whether I'd ever visited the communities affected by my determinations. I told her that site visits are conducted by the survey team, not the registration team. Division of labor. I work from satellite imagery, GIS overlays, and the Ottoman archive. I have never set foot on most of the parcels I've redesignated. I don't need to. The data is sufficient. The forms are complete. The stamp is the same regardless of what's physically on the ground. I understand that 14,000 determinations, viewed from a certain altitude, might look like something other than administration. I understand that a territory the size of Luxembourg, redesignated over eleven years, might look like something other than clerical correction. I understand that a 99.3% rejection rate, sustained over a decade, might look like something other than consistent application of established criteria. But I would ask: at what point in my daily work did I cross a line? Which specific determination? Which form? Which stamp? There is no moment in 14,000 determinations where administration becomes something else. There is only the next form. The next coffee. The next 90-minute assessment. A spreadsheet that grows. Cell by cell. Row by row. Until the map matches the plan that the Minister published eight years before I received the quarterly targets that translated it into parcel counts. But the plan is above my pay grade. I just file the paperwork. Sixty times per week. Two coffees per filing. Luxembourg in eleven years. I have never held a weapon.

Peter Girnus 🦅

26,645 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

The sun produces more energy in one second than humanity has used in its entire existence. SpaceX thinks the only way to actually use more of it is to leave Earth. Here's why Elon Musk is racing to build data centers in space: 1. Musk frames civilizational progress using the Kardashev scale, a measurement created by a Russian physicist that ranks civilizations by how much energy they can harness. Type one means harnessing a planet's full energy, type two means harnessing a star's energy, and type three means harnessing a galaxy's energy. 2. Right now, humanity registers as essentially nonexistent on this scale. We harness less than a trillionth of the sun's total power output. Musk says we are not even at the level of a micro soul on the scale. 3. The sun makes up 99.86 percent of all mass in the entire solar system. Earth is so small in comparison that it falls into the leftover miscellaneous category alongside everything that is not the sun or Jupiter. 4. Only about half a billionth of the sun's energy even reaches Earth's cross section, and most of that cannot be used because 70 percent of Earth is covered in water, and much of the remaining land is uninhabitable terrain like Antarctica and Siberia. 5. To meaningfully climb the Kardashev scale, humanity has to go to space. Reaching even one millionth of the sun's total energy output would require increasing civilizational energy use by more than a million times current levels. 6. Getting to just 1 percent of the sun's energy would make a civilization vastly more powerful than ours is today. Musk says even reaching that level would represent an extremely advanced civilization. 7. Three core requirements stand between humanity and this goal: mass to orbit capability, a massive amount of solar power, and enough AI chips to actually use that power. 8. Starship solves the mass to orbit problem. It is designed to be the first rocket in history with full and rapid reusability, a breakthrough Musk calls absolutely necessary for making life multi-planetary and for ascending the Kardashev scale at all. 9. Reusability is the same principle behind every successful mode of transport. Cars, planes, boats, and bicycles are all reusable. If airplanes were thrown away after every flight, flying would be far too expensive for anyone to use. 10. Starship is already the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying object ever built. Version 3 produces more than double the thrust of the Saturn V moon rocket, and version 4 is expected to produce nearly three times that thrust. 11. SpaceX currently delivers between 85 and 90 percent of all mass that reaches orbit from Earth using Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. With Starship, the company aims to scale mass to orbit from roughly 2,500 tons a year to millions of tons a year within about three years. 12. The proposed AI satellites are actually simpler to build than Starlink satellites. They mainly need solar cells, radiators, and laser links, without the complex phased array and parabolic antennas that Starlink satellites require. 13. The first version of the SpaceX AI satellite targets 150 kilowatts of peak power and 120 kilowatts of sustained power, roughly matching the output of a single Nvidia GB300 compute rack here on Earth. 14. These satellites will connect to each other through laser links and to the Starlink constellation, which then relays data to the ground. Despite orbiting 600 to 800 kilometers above Earth, the added latency is roughly only 3 milliseconds. 15. Heat management in space is actually easier than on Earth because radiators can simply release heat directly into the vacuum, removing the need for the massive cooling infrastructure required by ground based data centers. 16. SpaceX already operates around 10,000 Starlink satellites and claims to be the only company with real experience safely operating constellations at that scale, which gives them a head start in managing potentially thousands or even up to a million AI satellites. 17. To actually scale chip production to the levels needed, SpaceX is planning what it calls a Terafab, a chip manufacturing facility expected to span roughly 100 million square feet, about ten times the size of the existing Tesla Gigafactory in Texas. 18. The rough timeline targets reaching an annualized rate of 1 gigawatt of space based AI compute by the end of next year, scaling by roughly 10x per year afterward, eventually aiming for a terawatt per year, which is twice the entire current electricity consumption of the United States. 19. To push three orders of magnitude beyond even that terawatt goal, Musk describes building a mass driver on the moon, an electromagnetic rail gun style system that uses the moon's lack of atmosphere and lower gravity to launch satellites into space without needing a rocket at all. 20. Musk frames the long term vision in deeply personal terms. If enough mass and infrastructure eventually moves to the moon, it would become accessible enough that almost anyone who wants to go could go, and potentially even live there permanently. Follow Brad if you want more content on business, mindset & life changing ideas.

The sun produces more energy in one second than humanity has used in its entire existence. SpaceX thinks the only way to actually use more of it is to leave Earth. Here's why Elon Musk is racing to build data centers in space: 1. Musk frames civilizational progress using the Kardashev scale, a measurement created by a Russian physicist that ranks civilizations by how much energy they can harness. Type one means harnessing a planet's full energy, type two means harnessing a star's energy, and type three means harnessing a galaxy's energy. 2. Right now, humanity registers as essentially nonexistent on this scale. We harness less than a trillionth of the sun's total power output. Musk says we are not even at the level of a micro soul on the scale. 3. The sun makes up 99.86 percent of all mass in the entire solar system. Earth is so small in comparison that it falls into the leftover miscellaneous category alongside everything that is not the sun or Jupiter. 4. Only about half a billionth of the sun's energy even reaches Earth's cross section, and most of that cannot be used because 70 percent of Earth is covered in water, and much of the remaining land is uninhabitable terrain like Antarctica and Siberia. 5. To meaningfully climb the Kardashev scale, humanity has to go to space. Reaching even one millionth of the sun's total energy output would require increasing civilizational energy use by more than a million times current levels. 6. Getting to just 1 percent of the sun's energy would make a civilization vastly more powerful than ours is today. Musk says even reaching that level would represent an extremely advanced civilization. 7. Three core requirements stand between humanity and this goal: mass to orbit capability, a massive amount of solar power, and enough AI chips to actually use that power. 8. Starship solves the mass to orbit problem. It is designed to be the first rocket in history with full and rapid reusability, a breakthrough Musk calls absolutely necessary for making life multi-planetary and for ascending the Kardashev scale at all. 9. Reusability is the same principle behind every successful mode of transport. Cars, planes, boats, and bicycles are all reusable. If airplanes were thrown away after every flight, flying would be far too expensive for anyone to use. 10. Starship is already the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying object ever built. Version 3 produces more than double the thrust of the Saturn V moon rocket, and version 4 is expected to produce nearly three times that thrust. 11. SpaceX currently delivers between 85 and 90 percent of all mass that reaches orbit from Earth using Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. With Starship, the company aims to scale mass to orbit from roughly 2,500 tons a year to millions of tons a year within about three years. 12. The proposed AI satellites are actually simpler to build than Starlink satellites. They mainly need solar cells, radiators, and laser links, without the complex phased array and parabolic antennas that Starlink satellites require. 13. The first version of the SpaceX AI satellite targets 150 kilowatts of peak power and 120 kilowatts of sustained power, roughly matching the output of a single Nvidia GB300 compute rack here on Earth. 14. These satellites will connect to each other through laser links and to the Starlink constellation, which then relays data to the ground. Despite orbiting 600 to 800 kilometers above Earth, the added latency is roughly only 3 milliseconds. 15. Heat management in space is actually easier than on Earth because radiators can simply release heat directly into the vacuum, removing the need for the massive cooling infrastructure required by ground based data centers. 16. SpaceX already operates around 10,000 Starlink satellites and claims to be the only company with real experience safely operating constellations at that scale, which gives them a head start in managing potentially thousands or even up to a million AI satellites. 17. To actually scale chip production to the levels needed, SpaceX is planning what it calls a Terafab, a chip manufacturing facility expected to span roughly 100 million square feet, about ten times the size of the existing Tesla Gigafactory in Texas. 18. The rough timeline targets reaching an annualized rate of 1 gigawatt of space based AI compute by the end of next year, scaling by roughly 10x per year afterward, eventually aiming for a terawatt per year, which is twice the entire current electricity consumption of the United States. 19. To push three orders of magnitude beyond even that terawatt goal, Musk describes building a mass driver on the moon, an electromagnetic rail gun style system that uses the moon's lack of atmosphere and lower gravity to launch satellites into space without needing a rocket at all. 20. Musk frames the long term vision in deeply personal terms. If enough mass and infrastructure eventually moves to the moon, it would become accessible enough that almost anyone who wants to go could go, and potentially even live there permanently. Follow Brad if you want more content on business, mindset & life changing ideas.

Brad

12,955 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

🚨 BREAKING: Italian radar scientist detected what appears to be a massive grid of eight cylindrical structures, each 20 meters in diameter, descending over a kilometer beneath the Giza pyramids using Synthetic Aperture Radar Doppler Tomography. The cylindrical columns have coils wrapping around them resulting in a megastructure that looks like an ancient energy grid 🚨 So I brought in Geoffrey Drumm, one of the most technically rigorous pyramid researchers alive, to stress test every claim in real time. What followed was a four hour technical interrogation that revealed both stunning validations and unresolved questions about what may be the most significant archaeological discovery of the century. Biondi holds a PhD in radar science, 30 years in the field, and invented a proprietary method called the Biondi Protocol that reads surface micro-vibrations detected by Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites to reconstruct what lies inside and beneath solid structures. His first peer-reviewed paper scanned the Great Pyramid in 2020. His second project scanned the Khafre Pyramid and the wider Giza Plateau, producing the 3D model that broke the internet: eight tubular columns with coils wrapping around them, sitting on a foundation of enormous cube-shaped structures, extending beneath all three pyramids and the Sphinx. Drumm is the author of The Land of Chem YouTube channel, lives in Egypt, and has developed a comprehensive hypothesis that the pyramids functioned as industrial-scale chemical reactors powered by lightning during the Saharan Humid Period. He knows the Giza Plateau like the back of his hand and has previously stress tested and poked holes in Biondi’s findings. This conversation is an unfiltered exchange between two heavyweights: 1. Biondi's Best Scan Is Jaw-Dropping As validation, Biondi presented a proof-of-concept scan of Italy's Gran Sasso National Laboratory, buried 1.4 kilometers inside a mountain. The image is stunning. You can see the tunnel cutting through the mountain, the interior of the facility, and even the interferometer inside it using the same technique Biondi used to scan beneath the pyramids. Drumm called it the single most convincing piece of evidence that this technology works. The Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland produced a similarly clear image at two kilometers depth through solid rock. These are not theoretical demonstrations. They are working scans of known structures at extreme depth, and they validate that the Biondi Protocol can see through kilometers of stone. 2. He Found a Hidden Corridor Before Anyone Else In his 2020 paper, Biondi identified a feature on the northern face of the Great Pyramid labeled Tag 17. A dead-end corridor behind the chevron stones that nobody knew existed. Years later, the ScanPyramids muon team confirmed it and drilled in with a microscopic camera. Biondi's measurements of the corridor's length and the positions of its floor and ceiling matched what was found. This is a confirmed prediction from satellite radar, made years before physical verification. 3. He Detected a Sealed Shaft Beneath the Queen's Chamber One of the most compelling findings from the 2020 paper is a shaft and chamber system descending from the bottom of the Queen's Chamber. This structure was actually reported in 19th century excavation documents. Explorers found a pit in the Queen's Chamber floor, excavated down, and discovered a tunnel system below it. The Egyptian authorities then permanently sealed it with modern blocks. Biondi's scans picked it up independently, with no prior knowledge of those historical records. Drumm, who had already proposed this exact extraction shaft in his own chemical reactor model, called this the most promising result in the entire dataset. 4. The Substructures Are Enormous The tubular columns beneath the Khafre Pyramid measure approximately 20 meters in diameter each, spaced about 5 meters apart. That is 65 feet across per column. Eight of them. For context, the Queen's Chamber sometimes fails to register in certain scan slices because it is too small relative to the tomographic line. Biondi's argument is that megastructures at this scale are exactly what the technology is built to detect. Small chambers can be missed depending on the angle of the satellite pass. Repeating cylindrical structures 20 meters wide, appearing consistently across multiple scan geometries and multiple satellite sensors, are a different category of detection entirely. 5. Drumm's Challenge: The Processing Gap Here is where the debate gets sharp. The Gran Sasso and Gotthard scans used an advanced processing technique that averages noise across adjacent tomographic slices, requiring months of computation on borrowed hardware. The pyramid scans used a faster but noisier method on Biondi's own limited computers. Drumm pointed out that the quality difference is massive. The proof-of-concept images are transparent like a crystal. The pyramid images require expert interpretation to read. Biondi's response: he needs an array of GPUs he cannot afford. With that hardware, he says he could produce Gran Sasso-quality scans of the Giza substructures in near real-time. Estimated cost: millions. This is the bottleneck standing between a controversial claim and a potentially world-changing confirmation. 6. Other issues: Known Chambers Sometimes Do Not Appear Drumm walked through the 2020 dataset scan by scan. The Queen's Chamber shows a strong, consistent signature and serves as a reliable benchmark. But in several tomographic slices, the King's Chamber does not appear. The Grand Gallery does not appear. The subterranean chamber does not appear. Biondi attributes this to single-slice geometry. Each scan captures one vertical curtain through the structure in 15 seconds. If that curtain does not intersect a chamber precisely, it will not register. He says the real-time GPU system would allow him to sweep through hundreds of adjacent slices and reconstruct a full 3D volume. That system does not yet exist. 7. Biondi Challenged the Muon Team's Interpretation The ScanPyramids muon team claims the Big Void inside the Great Pyramid runs north to south, parallel to and above the Grand Gallery. Biondi's scans show it running east to west, connected to structures wrapping around the King's Chamber. Looking at the muon data during the conversation, Biondi argued they may have confused the floor and roof of the Grand Gallery for two separate features. The Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities is using the muon team's interpretation to justify drilling into the Great Pyramid in 2026. If Biondi is right about the orientation, that excavation could validate SAR Doppler tomography over the established method in one stroke. 8. The Signal Fades at 600 Meters and Nobody Knows Why The model shows structures extending over a kilometer deep. But in the raw data, the signal tapers around 600 meters. Drumm pressed Biondi on this. The initial explanation was the water table, but both agreed the actual water table sits only about 50 meters below the plateau. When pushed further, Biondi said he cannot yet explain the change but hinted at something he is not authorized to disclose. The structures do continue in the model below that line, detected across multiple satellite sensors showing the same cutoff pattern. What changes at 600 meters remains an open question. 9. Drumm's Model Says the Substructures Could Make Functional Sense Drumm's hypothesis is that each pyramid produced a specific chemical in sequence, from methane extraction at the Step Pyramid to ammonia synthesis in the Red Pyramid to sulfuric acid production in the Great Pyramid. He places the operational period during the Saharan Humid Period, roughly 8500 to 5300 BC, when massive thunderstorms provided the electrical input. The Big Void sits exactly where a heat exchanger would need to be to manage exothermic reactions in the Grand Gallery. The sealed shaft beneath the Queen's Chamber aligns with his proposed product extraction system. He confirmed that he has already integrated Biondi's substructure findings into a working functional model. If the deep structures are real, they connect to known hydrothermal mineral deposits, iron ore veins, and rare earth elements embedded in the Giza bedrock. Drumm and Biondi both agree: whoever built these structures chose the Giza Plateau for a very specific reason tied to what lies beneath it. 10. Validation & What Comes Next Biondi wants to establish a foundation in Malta with a dedicated data center and GPU array to reprocess the Giza data using his superior technique. Drumm wants to go to the Giza Plateau with Biondi's team to physically investigate anomalies he has already identified near the Osiris Shaft and along the Khafre causeway. Both say the SAR method and the muon method should be combined rather than treated as competitors. Both state that the conventional dating and tomb explanation for the pyramids is wrong. And both Drumm and Biondi agree that what lies beneath the Giza Plateau is more important than what sits on top of it. They also agree on the need for further validation and stress-testing. Why This Matters A satellite technique that can see through 1.4 kilometers of mountain and accurately image the Gran Sasso Laboratory. A confirmed prediction of a hidden corridor inside the Great Pyramid years before physical verification. A detection of a sealed shaft that matches 19th century excavation records. And now, scans showing a repeating grid of massive cylindrical structures beneath the entire Giza Plateau that no conventional archaeological framework can account for. The technology has demonstrated real capability. The substructure claims remain extraordinary. The 2026 Big Void excavation and GPU-powered rescans could settle this within months. If even a fraction of what Biondi is detecting turns out to be real, we are looking at the largest undiscovered structure on Earth, hidden in plain sight beneath the most studied archaeological site in human history. Full conversation covers all of this and much more. One of the most important technical examinations of the pyramid mystery ever recorded. Live now👇

🚨 BREAKING: Italian radar scientist detected what appears to be a massive grid of eight cylindrical structures, each 20 meters in diameter, descending over a kilometer beneath the Giza pyramids using Synthetic Aperture Radar Doppler Tomography. The cylindrical columns have coils wrapping around them resulting in a megastructure that looks like an ancient energy grid 🚨 So I brought in Geoffrey Drumm, one of the most technically rigorous pyramid researchers alive, to stress test every claim in real time. What followed was a four hour technical interrogation that revealed both stunning validations and unresolved questions about what may be the most significant archaeological discovery of the century. Biondi holds a PhD in radar science, 30 years in the field, and invented a proprietary method called the Biondi Protocol that reads surface micro-vibrations detected by Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites to reconstruct what lies inside and beneath solid structures. His first peer-reviewed paper scanned the Great Pyramid in 2020. His second project scanned the Khafre Pyramid and the wider Giza Plateau, producing the 3D model that broke the internet: eight tubular columns with coils wrapping around them, sitting on a foundation of enormous cube-shaped structures, extending beneath all three pyramids and the Sphinx. Drumm is the author of The Land of Chem YouTube channel, lives in Egypt, and has developed a comprehensive hypothesis that the pyramids functioned as industrial-scale chemical reactors powered by lightning during the Saharan Humid Period. He knows the Giza Plateau like the back of his hand and has previously stress tested and poked holes in Biondi’s findings. This conversation is an unfiltered exchange between two heavyweights: 1. Biondi's Best Scan Is Jaw-Dropping As validation, Biondi presented a proof-of-concept scan of Italy's Gran Sasso National Laboratory, buried 1.4 kilometers inside a mountain. The image is stunning. You can see the tunnel cutting through the mountain, the interior of the facility, and even the interferometer inside it using the same technique Biondi used to scan beneath the pyramids. Drumm called it the single most convincing piece of evidence that this technology works. The Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland produced a similarly clear image at two kilometers depth through solid rock. These are not theoretical demonstrations. They are working scans of known structures at extreme depth, and they validate that the Biondi Protocol can see through kilometers of stone. 2. He Found a Hidden Corridor Before Anyone Else In his 2020 paper, Biondi identified a feature on the northern face of the Great Pyramid labeled Tag 17. A dead-end corridor behind the chevron stones that nobody knew existed. Years later, the ScanPyramids muon team confirmed it and drilled in with a microscopic camera. Biondi's measurements of the corridor's length and the positions of its floor and ceiling matched what was found. This is a confirmed prediction from satellite radar, made years before physical verification. 3. He Detected a Sealed Shaft Beneath the Queen's Chamber One of the most compelling findings from the 2020 paper is a shaft and chamber system descending from the bottom of the Queen's Chamber. This structure was actually reported in 19th century excavation documents. Explorers found a pit in the Queen's Chamber floor, excavated down, and discovered a tunnel system below it. The Egyptian authorities then permanently sealed it with modern blocks. Biondi's scans picked it up independently, with no prior knowledge of those historical records. Drumm, who had already proposed this exact extraction shaft in his own chemical reactor model, called this the most promising result in the entire dataset. 4. The Substructures Are Enormous The tubular columns beneath the Khafre Pyramid measure approximately 20 meters in diameter each, spaced about 5 meters apart. That is 65 feet across per column. Eight of them. For context, the Queen's Chamber sometimes fails to register in certain scan slices because it is too small relative to the tomographic line. Biondi's argument is that megastructures at this scale are exactly what the technology is built to detect. Small chambers can be missed depending on the angle of the satellite pass. Repeating cylindrical structures 20 meters wide, appearing consistently across multiple scan geometries and multiple satellite sensors, are a different category of detection entirely. 5. Drumm's Challenge: The Processing Gap Here is where the debate gets sharp. The Gran Sasso and Gotthard scans used an advanced processing technique that averages noise across adjacent tomographic slices, requiring months of computation on borrowed hardware. The pyramid scans used a faster but noisier method on Biondi's own limited computers. Drumm pointed out that the quality difference is massive. The proof-of-concept images are transparent like a crystal. The pyramid images require expert interpretation to read. Biondi's response: he needs an array of GPUs he cannot afford. With that hardware, he says he could produce Gran Sasso-quality scans of the Giza substructures in near real-time. Estimated cost: millions. This is the bottleneck standing between a controversial claim and a potentially world-changing confirmation. 6. Other issues: Known Chambers Sometimes Do Not Appear Drumm walked through the 2020 dataset scan by scan. The Queen's Chamber shows a strong, consistent signature and serves as a reliable benchmark. But in several tomographic slices, the King's Chamber does not appear. The Grand Gallery does not appear. The subterranean chamber does not appear. Biondi attributes this to single-slice geometry. Each scan captures one vertical curtain through the structure in 15 seconds. If that curtain does not intersect a chamber precisely, it will not register. He says the real-time GPU system would allow him to sweep through hundreds of adjacent slices and reconstruct a full 3D volume. That system does not yet exist. 7. Biondi Challenged the Muon Team's Interpretation The ScanPyramids muon team claims the Big Void inside the Great Pyramid runs north to south, parallel to and above the Grand Gallery. Biondi's scans show it running east to west, connected to structures wrapping around the King's Chamber. Looking at the muon data during the conversation, Biondi argued they may have confused the floor and roof of the Grand Gallery for two separate features. The Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities is using the muon team's interpretation to justify drilling into the Great Pyramid in 2026. If Biondi is right about the orientation, that excavation could validate SAR Doppler tomography over the established method in one stroke. 8. The Signal Fades at 600 Meters and Nobody Knows Why The model shows structures extending over a kilometer deep. But in the raw data, the signal tapers around 600 meters. Drumm pressed Biondi on this. The initial explanation was the water table, but both agreed the actual water table sits only about 50 meters below the plateau. When pushed further, Biondi said he cannot yet explain the change but hinted at something he is not authorized to disclose. The structures do continue in the model below that line, detected across multiple satellite sensors showing the same cutoff pattern. What changes at 600 meters remains an open question. 9. Drumm's Model Says the Substructures Could Make Functional Sense Drumm's hypothesis is that each pyramid produced a specific chemical in sequence, from methane extraction at the Step Pyramid to ammonia synthesis in the Red Pyramid to sulfuric acid production in the Great Pyramid. He places the operational period during the Saharan Humid Period, roughly 8500 to 5300 BC, when massive thunderstorms provided the electrical input. The Big Void sits exactly where a heat exchanger would need to be to manage exothermic reactions in the Grand Gallery. The sealed shaft beneath the Queen's Chamber aligns with his proposed product extraction system. He confirmed that he has already integrated Biondi's substructure findings into a working functional model. If the deep structures are real, they connect to known hydrothermal mineral deposits, iron ore veins, and rare earth elements embedded in the Giza bedrock. Drumm and Biondi both agree: whoever built these structures chose the Giza Plateau for a very specific reason tied to what lies beneath it. 10. Validation & What Comes Next Biondi wants to establish a foundation in Malta with a dedicated data center and GPU array to reprocess the Giza data using his superior technique. Drumm wants to go to the Giza Plateau with Biondi's team to physically investigate anomalies he has already identified near the Osiris Shaft and along the Khafre causeway. Both say the SAR method and the muon method should be combined rather than treated as competitors. Both state that the conventional dating and tomb explanation for the pyramids is wrong. And both Drumm and Biondi agree that what lies beneath the Giza Plateau is more important than what sits on top of it. They also agree on the need for further validation and stress-testing. Why This Matters A satellite technique that can see through 1.4 kilometers of mountain and accurately image the Gran Sasso Laboratory. A confirmed prediction of a hidden corridor inside the Great Pyramid years before physical verification. A detection of a sealed shaft that matches 19th century excavation records. And now, scans showing a repeating grid of massive cylindrical structures beneath the entire Giza Plateau that no conventional archaeological framework can account for. The technology has demonstrated real capability. The substructure claims remain extraordinary. The 2026 Big Void excavation and GPU-powered rescans could settle this within months. If even a fraction of what Biondi is detecting turns out to be real, we are looking at the largest undiscovered structure on Earth, hidden in plain sight beneath the most studied archaeological site in human history. Full conversation covers all of this and much more. One of the most important technical examinations of the pyramid mystery ever recorded. Live now👇

Jesse Michels

1,072,213 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

🚨 OPERATIONAL UPDATE: ISRAEL U.S. WAR WITH THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC - Reporting Window: LAST 24 HOURS • Iranian missiles struck Tel Aviv and northern Israel, causing injuries and structural damage • Israel expanded strikes across Iran, including Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, and missile infrastructure sites • U.S.–Israel strikes hit senior PMF infrastructure in Iraq, killing key commanders • Reported strikes on Iranian gas infrastructure in Isfahan and Khorramshahr signal a potential shift toward energy targeting • Lebanon intensified with evacuations, Rashidiya strikes, and continued Hezbollah fire • Trump abruptly pivoted to negotiations with Iran and extended the Hormuz deadline, delaying a major escalation The past 24 hours were not defined by a single headline event, but by a combination of very real battlefield activity and a sudden political shift at the top level. On the ground, the war remained active across every front: Israel, Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and the Gulf. At the same time, the expected U.S. escalation tied to Hormuz did not happen. Instead, Washington pivoted toward negotiations, with Trump claiming talks are close to agreement while Iran publicly denies that anything meaningful is underway. That combination, ongoing war with a simultaneous negotiation track, is new. And it matters. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🚀 IRANIAN MISSILE ATTACKS ON ISRAEL Iran continued missile launches into Israel, with a clear pattern of split targeting between central and northern sectors. A missile hit in Tel Aviv injured several civilians and damaged nearby residential structures. Later waves triggered wide alert zones across northern Israel, including the Galilee, Golan, and confrontation line communities. Your outbox tracked these alerts across dozens of locations in real time. There were also additional impacts from fragments and debris, including a schoolyard hit and damage to homes in the north without mass casualties. This continues a trend seen over the last several days: • lower salvo size • wider disruption footprint • sustained daily pressure Iran is no longer relying on large coordinated barrages. It is maintaining pressure through frequency, geography, and effect per missile. At the same time, Israeli officials continue to investigate interception gaps, including earlier failures tied to THAAD systems, reinforcing that even a degraded Iranian launcher network can still produce meaningful results. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ✈️ STRATEGIC AIR CAMPAIGN OVER IRAN The Israeli and U.S. strike campaign inside Iran remained broad, multi-layered, and geographically extensive. Mainstream reporting confirmed strikes on: • missile storage and production facilities • regime and intelligence headquarters in Tehran • additional infrastructure in Isfahan and surrounding regions Open source intel shows how wide this really was. Strikes or explosions were reported across: • Tehran (multiple districts including eastern sectors and Parchin-adjacent areas) • Tabriz • Khuzestan and Dezful • Bandar Abbas and coastal nodes • Yazd and missile infrastructure There were also multiple reports of targeted assassination strikes, destruction of missile-related infrastructure, and pressure on internal security nodes This matters because the campaign is not narrowing. It is hitting production, command, logistics, and leadership. This is a system-wide degradation effort, not a tactical suppression campaign. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ⚡ ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE: THE WAR IS GETTING CLOSER TO THE GRID One of the most important developments in this window was the reported targeting of Iranian gas infrastructure. Reuters reported a gas company office and pressure reduction station hit in Isfahan and a pipeline feeding a power station in Khorramshahr struck At the same time, oil prices rose again as markets reacted to continued Hormuz disruption, uncertainty around negotiations, and risk of escalation into full infrastructure targeting Open source intel strongly corroborates these reports, with repeated references to the same targets and follow-on rhetoric about retaliatory strikes on regional power systems. This is the key shift. The war is moving from military systems toward civilian energy systems. Not fully yet, but clearly closer. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🇮🇶 IRAQ: PROXY COMMAND STRUCTURE HIT The Iraq front escalated meaningfully. Reuters reported that strikes hit: • PMF headquarters in Anbar • a residence tied to PMF leadership Casualties included at least 15 fighters killed, dozens wounded, and the confirmed death of operations commander Saad al-Baiji. Open source intel confirmed this in real time, including militant messaging and follow-on threats against U.S. positions. This was not a minor militia strike. It was a hit on central PMF command infrastructure. That keeps Iraq as an active and important front, not just a background theater. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🇱🇧 LEBANON: PRESSURE CONTINUES AND DEEPENS The Lebanon front remained highly active. Key developments included evacuation warnings north of the Zahrani River, Israeli strikes near Rashidiya and southern Lebanon infrastructure, and continued Hezbollah rocket fire into northern Israel. Open source intel tracked: • strike activity near Rashidiya refugee camp • additional targeted strikes in Bchamoun • repeated northern Israeli alerts Israel continues shifting toward targeting infrastructure, limiting movement, and shaping the battlefield. Hezbollah remains active, but increasingly constrained. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🌍 WASHINGTON, TEHRAN, AND THE NEGOTIATION TRACK In a sharp pivot, Trump announced that the U.S. is now holding talks with Iran, the Hormuz deadline was extended, and discussions are “close to agreement”. From there markets reacted immediately with oil prices dropping and then global markets rallying. But the reality is far less clear. Iranian leadership denied meaningful negotiations, and then demanded compensation and guarantees as new conditions for an any agreement, including limiting U.S. presence in the Gulf There is also uncertainty about who the U.S. is even talking to. Reports suggest contact with Mohammad Ghalibaf rather than Mojtaba Khamenei, who has not been seen publicly. At the same time, there is a deeper shift: The U.S. may now be willing to end the war without full regime change. That is a major departure from earlier expectations. Meanwhile, Israel is trying to ensure any deal reflects its interests, with Netanyahu reportedly engaging directly with the administration. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 📌 WHAT MATTERS MOST RIGHT NOW Three developments define the war right now. 1️⃣ The battlefield remains fully active across all fronts. Missiles, strikes, Lebanon operations, and Gulf pressure all continued in this window. 2️⃣ The war is moving closer to energy infrastructure targeting. Isfahan and Khorramshahr are early signals of a potentially much more dangerous phase. 3️⃣ Negotiations have entered the picture, but nothing is settled. The war is still being fought at full intensity even as diplomacy begins. Bottom line, this was not just another day of escalation. It was the first clear moment where war and negotiations are happening at the same time. That creates a new dynamic: • escalation is still real • pressure is still increasing • but the outcome is now less predictable than it was 24 hours ago Quick note... big thanks to Michael W for contributing to the open-source intel picture behind these updates. If you’re serious about following this war and the broader geopolitical landscape, he’s worth having in your feed. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ END OF REPORT

🚨 OPERATIONAL UPDATE: ISRAEL U.S. WAR WITH THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC - Reporting Window: LAST 24 HOURS • Iranian missiles struck Tel Aviv and northern Israel, causing injuries and structural damage • Israel expanded strikes across Iran, including Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, and missile infrastructure sites • U.S.–Israel strikes hit senior PMF infrastructure in Iraq, killing key commanders • Reported strikes on Iranian gas infrastructure in Isfahan and Khorramshahr signal a potential shift toward energy targeting • Lebanon intensified with evacuations, Rashidiya strikes, and continued Hezbollah fire • Trump abruptly pivoted to negotiations with Iran and extended the Hormuz deadline, delaying a major escalation The past 24 hours were not defined by a single headline event, but by a combination of very real battlefield activity and a sudden political shift at the top level. On the ground, the war remained active across every front: Israel, Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and the Gulf. At the same time, the expected U.S. escalation tied to Hormuz did not happen. Instead, Washington pivoted toward negotiations, with Trump claiming talks are close to agreement while Iran publicly denies that anything meaningful is underway. That combination, ongoing war with a simultaneous negotiation track, is new. And it matters. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🚀 IRANIAN MISSILE ATTACKS ON ISRAEL Iran continued missile launches into Israel, with a clear pattern of split targeting between central and northern sectors. A missile hit in Tel Aviv injured several civilians and damaged nearby residential structures. Later waves triggered wide alert zones across northern Israel, including the Galilee, Golan, and confrontation line communities. Your outbox tracked these alerts across dozens of locations in real time. There were also additional impacts from fragments and debris, including a schoolyard hit and damage to homes in the north without mass casualties. This continues a trend seen over the last several days: • lower salvo size • wider disruption footprint • sustained daily pressure Iran is no longer relying on large coordinated barrages. It is maintaining pressure through frequency, geography, and effect per missile. At the same time, Israeli officials continue to investigate interception gaps, including earlier failures tied to THAAD systems, reinforcing that even a degraded Iranian launcher network can still produce meaningful results. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ✈️ STRATEGIC AIR CAMPAIGN OVER IRAN The Israeli and U.S. strike campaign inside Iran remained broad, multi-layered, and geographically extensive. Mainstream reporting confirmed strikes on: • missile storage and production facilities • regime and intelligence headquarters in Tehran • additional infrastructure in Isfahan and surrounding regions Open source intel shows how wide this really was. Strikes or explosions were reported across: • Tehran (multiple districts including eastern sectors and Parchin-adjacent areas) • Tabriz • Khuzestan and Dezful • Bandar Abbas and coastal nodes • Yazd and missile infrastructure There were also multiple reports of targeted assassination strikes, destruction of missile-related infrastructure, and pressure on internal security nodes This matters because the campaign is not narrowing. It is hitting production, command, logistics, and leadership. This is a system-wide degradation effort, not a tactical suppression campaign. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ⚡ ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE: THE WAR IS GETTING CLOSER TO THE GRID One of the most important developments in this window was the reported targeting of Iranian gas infrastructure. Reuters reported a gas company office and pressure reduction station hit in Isfahan and a pipeline feeding a power station in Khorramshahr struck At the same time, oil prices rose again as markets reacted to continued Hormuz disruption, uncertainty around negotiations, and risk of escalation into full infrastructure targeting Open source intel strongly corroborates these reports, with repeated references to the same targets and follow-on rhetoric about retaliatory strikes on regional power systems. This is the key shift. The war is moving from military systems toward civilian energy systems. Not fully yet, but clearly closer. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🇮🇶 IRAQ: PROXY COMMAND STRUCTURE HIT The Iraq front escalated meaningfully. Reuters reported that strikes hit: • PMF headquarters in Anbar • a residence tied to PMF leadership Casualties included at least 15 fighters killed, dozens wounded, and the confirmed death of operations commander Saad al-Baiji. Open source intel confirmed this in real time, including militant messaging and follow-on threats against U.S. positions. This was not a minor militia strike. It was a hit on central PMF command infrastructure. That keeps Iraq as an active and important front, not just a background theater. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🇱🇧 LEBANON: PRESSURE CONTINUES AND DEEPENS The Lebanon front remained highly active. Key developments included evacuation warnings north of the Zahrani River, Israeli strikes near Rashidiya and southern Lebanon infrastructure, and continued Hezbollah rocket fire into northern Israel. Open source intel tracked: • strike activity near Rashidiya refugee camp • additional targeted strikes in Bchamoun • repeated northern Israeli alerts Israel continues shifting toward targeting infrastructure, limiting movement, and shaping the battlefield. Hezbollah remains active, but increasingly constrained. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 🌍 WASHINGTON, TEHRAN, AND THE NEGOTIATION TRACK In a sharp pivot, Trump announced that the U.S. is now holding talks with Iran, the Hormuz deadline was extended, and discussions are “close to agreement”. From there markets reacted immediately with oil prices dropping and then global markets rallying. But the reality is far less clear. Iranian leadership denied meaningful negotiations, and then demanded compensation and guarantees as new conditions for an any agreement, including limiting U.S. presence in the Gulf There is also uncertainty about who the U.S. is even talking to. Reports suggest contact with Mohammad Ghalibaf rather than Mojtaba Khamenei, who has not been seen publicly. At the same time, there is a deeper shift: The U.S. may now be willing to end the war without full regime change. That is a major departure from earlier expectations. Meanwhile, Israel is trying to ensure any deal reflects its interests, with Netanyahu reportedly engaging directly with the administration. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 📌 WHAT MATTERS MOST RIGHT NOW Three developments define the war right now. 1️⃣ The battlefield remains fully active across all fronts. Missiles, strikes, Lebanon operations, and Gulf pressure all continued in this window. 2️⃣ The war is moving closer to energy infrastructure targeting. Isfahan and Khorramshahr are early signals of a potentially much more dangerous phase. 3️⃣ Negotiations have entered the picture, but nothing is settled. The war is still being fought at full intensity even as diplomacy begins. Bottom line, this was not just another day of escalation. It was the first clear moment where war and negotiations are happening at the same time. That creates a new dynamic: • escalation is still real • pressure is still increasing • but the outcome is now less predictable than it was 24 hours ago Quick note... big thanks to Michael W for contributing to the open-source intel picture behind these updates. If you’re serious about following this war and the broader geopolitical landscape, he’s worth having in your feed. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ END OF REPORT

Inside_Israel_Intel

37,207 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

Astronomers have discovered an extraordinary star orbiting Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, on the most extreme stellar orbit observed there so far. The star, designated S301, was identified using the GRAVITY instrument and its upgraded GRAVITY+ system on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer in Chile. What makes S301 particularly important is not simply its enormous speed, but how deeply its orbit carries it into the strongly curved spacetime surrounding the black hole. S301 completes one orbit in only about 8.7 years, the shortest known period for a star around Sagittarius A*, and during its closest approach it passes roughly 1.78 billion kilometres from the black hole, only about 12 times the Earth–Sun distance and comparable to the distance between Saturn and the Sun. At that point it reaches around 25,000 km/s, more than 8% of the speed of light, making it the fastest known star in the Milky Way. Sagittarius A* contains approximately 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun, compressed into a region small enough to behave observationally as a black hole. Astronomers have been studying stars around it for decades because their trajectories provide exceptionally clean tests of gravity. The most famous example is S2, whose 16-year orbit has already allowed researchers to detect gravitational redshift and relativistic orbital precession exactly where general relativity predicts them. S301 takes this experiment much further. Its orbit is extremely elongated, with an eccentricity of about 0.98, and at pericentre it approaches Sagittarius A* roughly ten times more closely than S2 in terms of Schwarzschild radii. The resulting relativistic effects should therefore be considerably stronger. The most interesting consequence is that S301 may allow astronomers to directly measure the spin of Sagittarius A*. According to general relativity, a rotating black hole does not simply curve spacetime through its mass; its rotation also drags the surrounding spacetime with it. This phenomenon, known as frame dragging or the Lense–Thirring effect, produces an additional precession in the orbit of an object moving close to the black hole. The effect becomes rapidly weaker with distance, which is why it has been extremely difficult to detect using previously known stars around Sagittarius A*. S301 travels close enough that the change in its orbit caused by the black hole’s rotation may become measurable within roughly the next decade. Importantly, the researchers have not yet measured the spin of Sagittarius A* from S301. Rather, they have discovered a star whose orbit is sensitive enough to that spin that such a direct measurement may now be realistically achievable. The discovery was technically difficult because S301 is extraordinarily faint. In the infrared K band it has a magnitude of about 19.3, and ESO notes that it appears roughly two billion times fainter than Betelgeuse in the sky. GRAVITY achieves the necessary angular resolution by combining the light from four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes of the VLT through interferometry, effectively producing a virtual telescope with far greater resolving power than any individual telescope. The team first clearly identified S301 in observations from 2023 and subsequently followed it during 2024 and 2025. Once its preliminary orbit was established, astronomers were able to trace it retrospectively in earlier data from 2021 and even find evidence for it in observations obtained in 2017. Altogether, 19 astrometric measurements were used to constrain its orbit. There is still an important limitation: S301 is currently too faint for researchers to obtain a reliable spectrum and radial velocity. Without that information, two possible three-dimensional orientations of its orbit remain compatible with the observations. Future instruments should resolve this problem. In particular, MICADO on ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope should be sensitive enough to obtain spectroscopy of S301 and determine its radial velocity, while continued observations with GRAVITY+ will refine its astrometry. Its next pericentre passage is expected in 2031, and observing at least two complete orbits should give researchers the precision needed to search for the subtle additional precession produced by the spin of Sagittarius A*. S301 may also provide clues about how stars end up so close to a supermassive black hole. Stars are unlikely to form normally at such small distances because the black hole’s tidal forces make the collapse of ordinary star-forming clouds extremely difficult. The researchers instead favour a scenario involving the Hills mechanism. S301 may originally have belonged to a tight binary system that approached Sagittarius A*. The black hole’s tidal gravity could have torn the binary apart, capturing S301 onto its present highly eccentric orbit while ejecting its companion at enormous velocity, potentially fast enough for that star to escape the Milky Way entirely. The observed orbit of S301 is consistent with this interpretation. The importance of the discovery therefore goes beyond setting a speed record. S301 effectively acts as a natural test particle moving through one of the strongest gravitational fields that astronomers can study using individual stars. Tracking its motion could provide the first direct stellar-dynamical measurement of the rotation of Sagittarius A*, improve tests of general relativity in the strong-field regime and, over longer timescales, potentially probe more subtle properties predicted for rotating Kerr black holes. Instead of observing the black hole itself, we can use the trajectory of S301 to map how Sagittarius A* deforms and twists the spacetime around it. 👉

Astronomers have discovered an extraordinary star orbiting Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, on the most extreme stellar orbit observed there so far. The star, designated S301, was identified using the GRAVITY instrument and its upgraded GRAVITY+ system on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer in Chile. What makes S301 particularly important is not simply its enormous speed, but how deeply its orbit carries it into the strongly curved spacetime surrounding the black hole. S301 completes one orbit in only about 8.7 years, the shortest known period for a star around Sagittarius A, and during its closest approach it passes roughly 1.78 billion kilometres from the black hole, only about 12 times the Earth–Sun distance and comparable to the distance between Saturn and the Sun. At that point it reaches around 25,000 km/s, more than 8% of the speed of light, making it the fastest known star in the Milky Way. Sagittarius A* contains approximately 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun, compressed into a region small enough to behave observationally as a black hole. Astronomers have been studying stars around it for decades because their trajectories provide exceptionally clean tests of gravity. The most famous example is S2, whose 16-year orbit has already allowed researchers to detect gravitational redshift and relativistic orbital precession exactly where general relativity predicts them. S301 takes this experiment much further. Its orbit is extremely elongated, with an eccentricity of about 0.98, and at pericentre it approaches Sagittarius A* roughly ten times more closely than S2 in terms of Schwarzschild radii. The resulting relativistic effects should therefore be considerably stronger. The most interesting consequence is that S301 may allow astronomers to directly measure the spin of Sagittarius A. According to general relativity, a rotating black hole does not simply curve spacetime through its mass; its rotation also drags the surrounding spacetime with it. This phenomenon, known as frame dragging or the Lense–Thirring effect, produces an additional precession in the orbit of an object moving close to the black hole. The effect becomes rapidly weaker with distance, which is why it has been extremely difficult to detect using previously known stars around Sagittarius A. S301 travels close enough that the change in its orbit caused by the black hole’s rotation may become measurable within roughly the next decade. Importantly, the researchers have not yet measured the spin of Sagittarius A* from S301. Rather, they have discovered a star whose orbit is sensitive enough to that spin that such a direct measurement may now be realistically achievable. The discovery was technically difficult because S301 is extraordinarily faint. In the infrared K band it has a magnitude of about 19.3, and ESO notes that it appears roughly two billion times fainter than Betelgeuse in the sky. GRAVITY achieves the necessary angular resolution by combining the light from four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes of the VLT through interferometry, effectively producing a virtual telescope with far greater resolving power than any individual telescope. The team first clearly identified S301 in observations from 2023 and subsequently followed it during 2024 and 2025. Once its preliminary orbit was established, astronomers were able to trace it retrospectively in earlier data from 2021 and even find evidence for it in observations obtained in 2017. Altogether, 19 astrometric measurements were used to constrain its orbit. There is still an important limitation: S301 is currently too faint for researchers to obtain a reliable spectrum and radial velocity. Without that information, two possible three-dimensional orientations of its orbit remain compatible with the observations. Future instruments should resolve this problem. In particular, MICADO on ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope should be sensitive enough to obtain spectroscopy of S301 and determine its radial velocity, while continued observations with GRAVITY+ will refine its astrometry. Its next pericentre passage is expected in 2031, and observing at least two complete orbits should give researchers the precision needed to search for the subtle additional precession produced by the spin of Sagittarius A. S301 may also provide clues about how stars end up so close to a supermassive black hole. Stars are unlikely to form normally at such small distances because the black hole’s tidal forces make the collapse of ordinary star-forming clouds extremely difficult. The researchers instead favour a scenario involving the Hills mechanism. S301 may originally have belonged to a tight binary system that approached Sagittarius A. The black hole’s tidal gravity could have torn the binary apart, capturing S301 onto its present highly eccentric orbit while ejecting its companion at enormous velocity, potentially fast enough for that star to escape the Milky Way entirely. The observed orbit of S301 is consistent with this interpretation. The importance of the discovery therefore goes beyond setting a speed record. S301 effectively acts as a natural test particle moving through one of the strongest gravitational fields that astronomers can study using individual stars. Tracking its motion could provide the first direct stellar-dynamical measurement of the rotation of Sagittarius A, improve tests of general relativity in the strong-field regime and, over longer timescales, potentially probe more subtle properties predicted for rotating Kerr black holes. Instead of observing the black hole itself, we can use the trajectory of S301 to map how Sagittarius A deforms and twists the spacetime around it. 👉

Erika 

299,370 просмотров • 8 дней назад

Nassim Nicholas Taleb walked into Google and explained what Antifragility is and how the world actually works: 1. The opposite of fragile is not robust. That is the first mistake almost everyone makes. Robust means something does not care about volatility. The true opposite of fragile is something that actually benefits from disorder, volatility, and stress. He calls it antifragile. 2. If you are shipping something fragile you write handle with care on the box. The true opposite of that package would have please mishandle written on it. Something antifragile wants to be mishandled. It gets stronger from it. 3. Fragility is always about nonlinear harm. Jumping ten meters kills you. Jumping ten centimeters a hundred times does not. The harm accelerates disproportionately with size. That acceleration is the mathematical signature of fragility and it can be measured precisely. 4. Anything that has survived long enough to exist today must have this property. If harm were linear you would be destroyed just walking to the office. Everything that persists is built so that small stressors barely touch it but large unexpected shocks destroy it. 5. Large size creates fragility automatically. A hundred million pound project in the UK had thirty percent more cost overruns than a five million pound project doing the same thing. The bigger the stone the more the harm. Size and fragility are inseparable. 6. Governments and institutions make the same mistake constantly. They chase perfect stability and call it good management. But something organic requires variability to survive. Greenspan tried to eliminate all economic volatility. He called it the Great Moderation. What he actually did was allow hidden risk to accumulate invisibly until it exploded all at once. 7. Small forest fires clean out flammable material and prevent catastrophic ones. By eliminating small fires you guarantee a massive one eventually. The same principle applies to economies, banks, and any complex system. Suppressing volatility does not remove risk. It stores it. 8. The only way to make something genuinely robust is to embrace bipolar strategies rather than medium ones. Eighty percent of your portfolio in something safe and twenty percent in something highly speculative is more robust than putting everything in medium risk. The average of extremes beats the mediocre middle. 9. Everything organic communicates with its environment through stressors. Your body needs the gym. Your bones need stress. Your immune system needs exposure. Depriving any living system of the stressors it needs does not protect it. It weakens it invisibly. 10. What does not kill me makes others stronger is closer to the truth than what does not kill me makes me stronger. When a system gets stronger under stress it is usually because the weaker components were destroyed, not because the survivors individually improved. The system improves through the death of its fragile parts. 11. Trial and error is not the opposite of knowledge. It is a form of knowledge with a convex payoff. You lose little when you are wrong and gain enormously when you are right. That asymmetry is what makes tinkering more powerful than theoretical planning in unpredictable environments. 12. Most of what we attribute to theoretical knowledge actually came from tinkering that was dressed up afterward as having been scientifically planned. The Romans built extraordinary things for centuries without ever having heard of Euclidean geometry. Technology routinely precedes the science that supposedly explains it. 13. The fragilista is Taleb's name for the person who denies antifragility and causes damage through that denial. Bureaucrats, central planners, academics, and policy makers who overstabilize systems from the top down are fragilistas. They remove the volatility that systems need and call it improvement. 14. Seneca, the wealthiest man in the ancient world, trained himself every day to wake up as if he had lost everything. He would deliberately live as if he were on a shipwreck to ensure he always had more upside than downside. Having more to gain than to lose from random events is the definition of antifragility in personal life. 15. In medicine, convexity matters more than people realize. If you are very ill the potential benefit of treatment vastly outweighs the risk, so you should see ten doctors not one. If you are mildly ill the risks of intervention almost certainly outweigh the modest benefits. The problem is that mildly ill patients are five times more numerous than severely ill ones, which is exactly who pharmaceutical companies focus on. 16. Removing something unnatural from your life has almost no side effects. Adding something artificial always has multiplicative hidden effects. In complex systems less is almost always more. The via negativa, improving by subtraction rather than addition, is consistently underestimated. 17. The real ethical crisis of modern times is that the people making decisions do not bear the consequences of those decisions. Bankers take the upside. Society takes the downside. Economists give broken advice and face no consequences when it fails. Nothing improves in any field where the people who are wrong are not harmed by being wrong. 18. Time is the ultimate detector of fragility. Whatever is fragile will eventually be broken by time. Whatever has survived for a long time has demonstrated antifragility and will likely survive longer still. A book that has been read for three thousand years will probably be read for three thousand more. A technology that is forty years old has at least forty more years ahead of it. 19. The only way to know you are alive and not a machine is that you benefit from variability. If you like variation and gain from disorder you are antifragile. If you require peace and predictability to function you are fragile. It is as simple and as profound as that. Before you go, can we stay in touch? I'd love to share one email with you every Sunday that'll challenge how you think about business, money and freedom. Stay in touch here:

Nassim Nicholas Taleb walked into Google and explained what Antifragility is and how the world actually works: 1. The opposite of fragile is not robust. That is the first mistake almost everyone makes. Robust means something does not care about volatility. The true opposite of fragile is something that actually benefits from disorder, volatility, and stress. He calls it antifragile. 2. If you are shipping something fragile you write handle with care on the box. The true opposite of that package would have please mishandle written on it. Something antifragile wants to be mishandled. It gets stronger from it. 3. Fragility is always about nonlinear harm. Jumping ten meters kills you. Jumping ten centimeters a hundred times does not. The harm accelerates disproportionately with size. That acceleration is the mathematical signature of fragility and it can be measured precisely. 4. Anything that has survived long enough to exist today must have this property. If harm were linear you would be destroyed just walking to the office. Everything that persists is built so that small stressors barely touch it but large unexpected shocks destroy it. 5. Large size creates fragility automatically. A hundred million pound project in the UK had thirty percent more cost overruns than a five million pound project doing the same thing. The bigger the stone the more the harm. Size and fragility are inseparable. 6. Governments and institutions make the same mistake constantly. They chase perfect stability and call it good management. But something organic requires variability to survive. Greenspan tried to eliminate all economic volatility. He called it the Great Moderation. What he actually did was allow hidden risk to accumulate invisibly until it exploded all at once. 7. Small forest fires clean out flammable material and prevent catastrophic ones. By eliminating small fires you guarantee a massive one eventually. The same principle applies to economies, banks, and any complex system. Suppressing volatility does not remove risk. It stores it. 8. The only way to make something genuinely robust is to embrace bipolar strategies rather than medium ones. Eighty percent of your portfolio in something safe and twenty percent in something highly speculative is more robust than putting everything in medium risk. The average of extremes beats the mediocre middle. 9. Everything organic communicates with its environment through stressors. Your body needs the gym. Your bones need stress. Your immune system needs exposure. Depriving any living system of the stressors it needs does not protect it. It weakens it invisibly. 10. What does not kill me makes others stronger is closer to the truth than what does not kill me makes me stronger. When a system gets stronger under stress it is usually because the weaker components were destroyed, not because the survivors individually improved. The system improves through the death of its fragile parts. 11. Trial and error is not the opposite of knowledge. It is a form of knowledge with a convex payoff. You lose little when you are wrong and gain enormously when you are right. That asymmetry is what makes tinkering more powerful than theoretical planning in unpredictable environments. 12. Most of what we attribute to theoretical knowledge actually came from tinkering that was dressed up afterward as having been scientifically planned. The Romans built extraordinary things for centuries without ever having heard of Euclidean geometry. Technology routinely precedes the science that supposedly explains it. 13. The fragilista is Taleb's name for the person who denies antifragility and causes damage through that denial. Bureaucrats, central planners, academics, and policy makers who overstabilize systems from the top down are fragilistas. They remove the volatility that systems need and call it improvement. 14. Seneca, the wealthiest man in the ancient world, trained himself every day to wake up as if he had lost everything. He would deliberately live as if he were on a shipwreck to ensure he always had more upside than downside. Having more to gain than to lose from random events is the definition of antifragility in personal life. 15. In medicine, convexity matters more than people realize. If you are very ill the potential benefit of treatment vastly outweighs the risk, so you should see ten doctors not one. If you are mildly ill the risks of intervention almost certainly outweigh the modest benefits. The problem is that mildly ill patients are five times more numerous than severely ill ones, which is exactly who pharmaceutical companies focus on. 16. Removing something unnatural from your life has almost no side effects. Adding something artificial always has multiplicative hidden effects. In complex systems less is almost always more. The via negativa, improving by subtraction rather than addition, is consistently underestimated. 17. The real ethical crisis of modern times is that the people making decisions do not bear the consequences of those decisions. Bankers take the upside. Society takes the downside. Economists give broken advice and face no consequences when it fails. Nothing improves in any field where the people who are wrong are not harmed by being wrong. 18. Time is the ultimate detector of fragility. Whatever is fragile will eventually be broken by time. Whatever has survived for a long time has demonstrated antifragility and will likely survive longer still. A book that has been read for three thousand years will probably be read for three thousand more. A technology that is forty years old has at least forty more years ahead of it. 19. The only way to know you are alive and not a machine is that you benefit from variability. If you like variation and gain from disorder you are antifragile. If you require peace and predictability to function you are fragile. It is as simple and as profound as that. Before you go, can we stay in touch? I'd love to share one email with you every Sunday that'll challenge how you think about business, money and freedom. Stay in touch here:

Brad

158,317 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

$This poor Mexican-American radio repairman accidentally discovered how to hack the human brain. What he found terrified the establishment. Here's an incredible story that'll make you rethink consciousness. Meet Jose Silva. He was fixing radios in Laredo, Texas, barely making enough to feed his family. But somewhere in the circuit boards and frequency waves, he noticed something that would spend the next fifty years getting buried under institutional resistance and academic dismissal. When he worked with his sister on her homework using hypnosis techniques, he observed something that shouldn't have been possible: - Her IQ jumped. - Her recall became photographic. - Her ability to solve problems accelerated. But more importantly, when he guided her to visualize specific scenarios in her mind at a particular brain frequency, outcomes in her actual life began shifting in alignment with what she'd mentally constructed. This was more than meditation. This was something neurobiologically measurable happening inside the brain when it operated at a specific frequency band. Decades later, neuroscience would begin validating fragments of what Silva had intuited. Brain imaging shows the alpha state—that 8 to 12 cycles per second frequency he identified—creates a bridge between the analytical left hemisphere and the creative, intuitive right hemisphere. When you're there, the default mode network (the brain's task negative network) quiets down. The predictive centers that normally constrain your thinking go offline. The areas associated with imagination, emotion, and visualization light up simultaneously with memory centers and executive function centers. You're operating in a state where the brain isn't filtering reality through learned restrictions anymore. What Silva understood before we had the vocabulary for it was that consciousness at this frequency doesn't work like consciousness at your normal waking state. At 20 cycles (normal waking), your brain treats visualization as imagination—something separate from reality, a daydream, unreal. The two hemispheres aren't talking to each other in the same integrated way. Your left brain is running the show, building models, making predictions, comparing incoming sensations to stored patterns and mostly rejecting what doesn't match. At alpha, something shifts. The visualization becomes real to the brain in a way it isn't at 20 cycles. The visual cortex activates almost identically whether you're watching something with your eyes open or visualizing it with your eyes closed. The motor cortex fires. The emotional centers engage. But critically, the skepticism circuits—the parts of your brain that constantly evaluate whether something is real or unreal, possible or impossible—go quiet. To the brain at alpha, a vividly visualized scenario has genuine reality weight. This is where most people miss the actual mechanism. They hear Silva talk about visualization creating reality and think he's claiming some mystical force, some mind over matter pseudoscience. They don't understand what he's actually pointing to: the brain's predictive model of reality gets updated when you introduce new information into the right hemisphere at alpha. That updated model then drives every unconscious behavior, every intuition, every pattern recognition decision your brain makes when you return to normal waking state. Your body begins moving through the world differently because your brain's map of what's possible just changed. The neuroscientist Donald Hebb captured this with a single sentence that nobody paid attention to until decades later: "neurons that fire together wire together." When you visualize something in alpha with genuine emotional engagement, you're lighting up the neural pathways that would fire if that thing were actually happening. You're priming those neural circuits. When you encounter real situations that match elements of your visualization, your brain recognizes the patterns faster, your intuition reads the scenario more accurately, your decisions reflect someone who's already lived through something similar. Silva never quite explained it in neural terms because the imaging technology didn't exist yet. But he was precise about something else: the visualization has to be detailed, has to include emotional content, has to feel real to the right brain hemisphere. Casual daydreaming doesn't do it. Vague hoping doesn't do it. You have to construct the scenario in full sensory detail at alpha, experience it as though it's already happened, let your body feel what that accomplishment would feel like. That's the piece that terrified institutions. Silva was offering a method that actually worked. People who went through the training reported concrete results. Better memory. Improved problem solving. Accurate intuitions. Things that could be measured and replicated. But, the Catholic Church called it demonic. Medical establishments dismissed it as pseudoscience. The intelligence community studied it quietly and then classified what they found. Because if you can teach ordinary people to access a mental state where their brain becomes dramatically more capable of solving problems, of recognizing patterns, of generating solutions their waking mind couldn't access—you've fundamentally altered the game. You've democratized cognitive enhancement without a pill, without an implant, without any external technology. The part Silva kept emphasizing that still doesn't get enough attention: he wasn't claiming you could visualize yourself flying and then float off a building. He was claiming that if you wanted to build a business, solve a technical problem, heal a relationship, or create something in your field, you could encode that intention into your right brain using visualization at alpha, and your unconscious would reorganize around making it real. The mechanism was always about rewiring your nervous system to recognize and move toward opportunities your waking mind was too filtered to see. Modern research into visualization has begun confirming exactly this. Athletes who combine physical practice with detailed mental rehearsal at specific brain states show measurable improvements beyond those who only practice physically. The brain doesn't clearly distinguish between vividly rehearsed scenarios and actual experience when it comes to pattern recognition and motor programming. Visualization activates the same neural pathways as the actual behavior. But Silva took it further. He wasn't just talking about athletes or specific skills. He was talking about a general state of consciousness that upgraded how the entire brain processed reality. A state you could teach anyone to access consistently, to maintain, to work from deliberately. That's a technology. That's a demonstrable technique that produces measurable changes in cognitive function. The reason it got suppressed wasn't that it didn't work. It's precisely that it did work, and it worked for people who had no credentials, no institutional backing, no permission from the established hierarchy of thought. An electronics repairman from Mexico showing working class people how to access states of mind that made them more capable, more intuitive, more effective at solving their own problems? That threatened something in the structure of how power gets distributed. Institutions maintain control partly through controlling which people have access to enhanced cognition. Universities do it through exclusive admission. Corporations do it through internal hierarchies. Professions do it through credentialing and gatekeeping. If you suddenly make a technique available that allows anyone to access demonstrably better thinking for free, you've disrupted the scarcity model. Silva understood this. He was building a movement of people who could think for themselves at a level the system didn't want widely distributed. Everything he said about visualization, about the right brain hemisphere, about alpha frequency, about the present being the materialization of thought—it all traces back to a single radical claim: "that human consciousness can be upgraded, that most of us are running at a fraction of our potential, and that the upgrade doesn't come from external authority but from accessing the mental tools we already have." That thought, more than anything else, was the real threat.$

This poor Mexican-American radio repairman accidentally discovered how to hack the human brain. What he found terrified the establishment. Here's an incredible story that'll make you rethink consciousness. Meet Jose Silva. He was fixing radios in Laredo, Texas, barely making enough to feed his family. But somewhere in the circuit boards and frequency waves, he noticed something that would spend the next fifty years getting buried under institutional resistance and academic dismissal. When he worked with his sister on her homework using hypnosis techniques, he observed something that shouldn't have been possible: - Her IQ jumped. - Her recall became photographic. - Her ability to solve problems accelerated. But more importantly, when he guided her to visualize specific scenarios in her mind at a particular brain frequency, outcomes in her actual life began shifting in alignment with what she'd mentally constructed. This was more than meditation. This was something neurobiologically measurable happening inside the brain when it operated at a specific frequency band. Decades later, neuroscience would begin validating fragments of what Silva had intuited. Brain imaging shows the alpha state—that 8 to 12 cycles per second frequency he identified—creates a bridge between the analytical left hemisphere and the creative, intuitive right hemisphere. When you're there, the default mode network (the brain's task negative network) quiets down. The predictive centers that normally constrain your thinking go offline. The areas associated with imagination, emotion, and visualization light up simultaneously with memory centers and executive function centers. You're operating in a state where the brain isn't filtering reality through learned restrictions anymore. What Silva understood before we had the vocabulary for it was that consciousness at this frequency doesn't work like consciousness at your normal waking state. At 20 cycles (normal waking), your brain treats visualization as imagination—something separate from reality, a daydream, unreal. The two hemispheres aren't talking to each other in the same integrated way. Your left brain is running the show, building models, making predictions, comparing incoming sensations to stored patterns and mostly rejecting what doesn't match. At alpha, something shifts. The visualization becomes real to the brain in a way it isn't at 20 cycles. The visual cortex activates almost identically whether you're watching something with your eyes open or visualizing it with your eyes closed. The motor cortex fires. The emotional centers engage. But critically, the skepticism circuits—the parts of your brain that constantly evaluate whether something is real or unreal, possible or impossible—go quiet. To the brain at alpha, a vividly visualized scenario has genuine reality weight. This is where most people miss the actual mechanism. They hear Silva talk about visualization creating reality and think he's claiming some mystical force, some mind over matter pseudoscience. They don't understand what he's actually pointing to: the brain's predictive model of reality gets updated when you introduce new information into the right hemisphere at alpha. That updated model then drives every unconscious behavior, every intuition, every pattern recognition decision your brain makes when you return to normal waking state. Your body begins moving through the world differently because your brain's map of what's possible just changed. The neuroscientist Donald Hebb captured this with a single sentence that nobody paid attention to until decades later: "neurons that fire together wire together." When you visualize something in alpha with genuine emotional engagement, you're lighting up the neural pathways that would fire if that thing were actually happening. You're priming those neural circuits. When you encounter real situations that match elements of your visualization, your brain recognizes the patterns faster, your intuition reads the scenario more accurately, your decisions reflect someone who's already lived through something similar. Silva never quite explained it in neural terms because the imaging technology didn't exist yet. But he was precise about something else: the visualization has to be detailed, has to include emotional content, has to feel real to the right brain hemisphere. Casual daydreaming doesn't do it. Vague hoping doesn't do it. You have to construct the scenario in full sensory detail at alpha, experience it as though it's already happened, let your body feel what that accomplishment would feel like. That's the piece that terrified institutions. Silva was offering a method that actually worked. People who went through the training reported concrete results. Better memory. Improved problem solving. Accurate intuitions. Things that could be measured and replicated. But, the Catholic Church called it demonic. Medical establishments dismissed it as pseudoscience. The intelligence community studied it quietly and then classified what they found. Because if you can teach ordinary people to access a mental state where their brain becomes dramatically more capable of solving problems, of recognizing patterns, of generating solutions their waking mind couldn't access—you've fundamentally altered the game. You've democratized cognitive enhancement without a pill, without an implant, without any external technology. The part Silva kept emphasizing that still doesn't get enough attention: he wasn't claiming you could visualize yourself flying and then float off a building. He was claiming that if you wanted to build a business, solve a technical problem, heal a relationship, or create something in your field, you could encode that intention into your right brain using visualization at alpha, and your unconscious would reorganize around making it real. The mechanism was always about rewiring your nervous system to recognize and move toward opportunities your waking mind was too filtered to see. Modern research into visualization has begun confirming exactly this. Athletes who combine physical practice with detailed mental rehearsal at specific brain states show measurable improvements beyond those who only practice physically. The brain doesn't clearly distinguish between vividly rehearsed scenarios and actual experience when it comes to pattern recognition and motor programming. Visualization activates the same neural pathways as the actual behavior. But Silva took it further. He wasn't just talking about athletes or specific skills. He was talking about a general state of consciousness that upgraded how the entire brain processed reality. A state you could teach anyone to access consistently, to maintain, to work from deliberately. That's a technology. That's a demonstrable technique that produces measurable changes in cognitive function. The reason it got suppressed wasn't that it didn't work. It's precisely that it did work, and it worked for people who had no credentials, no institutional backing, no permission from the established hierarchy of thought. An electronics repairman from Mexico showing working class people how to access states of mind that made them more capable, more intuitive, more effective at solving their own problems? That threatened something in the structure of how power gets distributed. Institutions maintain control partly through controlling which people have access to enhanced cognition. Universities do it through exclusive admission. Corporations do it through internal hierarchies. Professions do it through credentialing and gatekeeping. If you suddenly make a technique available that allows anyone to access demonstrably better thinking for free, you've disrupted the scarcity model. Silva understood this. He was building a movement of people who could think for themselves at a level the system didn't want widely distributed. Everything he said about visualization, about the right brain hemisphere, about alpha frequency, about the present being the materialization of thought—it all traces back to a single radical claim: "that human consciousness can be upgraded, that most of us are running at a fraction of our potential, and that the upgrade doesn't come from external authority but from accessing the mental tools we already have." That thought, more than anything else, was the real threat.

Darshak Rana ⚡️

67,187 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Islamic Art of War By: Ofer Binshtok Islam wages a continuous global war through various methods and with varying intensity against non-Muslims 24/7, as commanded by the Quran and Muhammad, a war that has persisted for approximately 1400 years and will continue indefinitely. In places where non-Muslims grow weary of conflict and seek peace, avoiding confrontation and attempting to appease Islam, believing they have achieved tranquility through signing agreements with Islam and even allowing its migration into their territories, during this time, Islam builds its strength and attacks them when it senses it has the upper hand, from within and from outside, in the most brutal way possible. This war strategy relies on the Islamic Art of War, based on the Quran and Muhammad's Sunnah. Quran 8:39 - The goal: a world containing only Muslims through war. Quran 98:6 - Demonization of non-Muslims. Quran 3:28 - Deceive non-Muslims. Quran 47:35 - Do not seek peace when you have the upper hand. In other words, attack. Quran 8:60 - During a hudna (ceasefire), Islam prepares for war. Quran 9:123 - Attack nearby non-Muslims. Quran 9:5 - Kill every non-Muslim in the world. In 622 AD, Muhammad migrated from Mecca to the settlement of Medina (Yathrib) in the Arabian Peninsula, where he was received as a refugee by the Jews who had established and controlled the prosperous region, granting him shelter. Within approximately eight years, after building his strength, Muhammad eliminated the presence of Jews and other non-Muslims in the area. In 628 AD, Muhammad signed a ten-year hudna (truce) agreement in Hudaibiya with the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, as his forces were weaker than theirs. In 630 AD, when his power was sufficiently strong, he violated the agreement with the Quraysh, attacked Mecca, conquered it with ease, and eradicated all other cultures present there. Muhammad's Sunnah, which is binding in Islam according to Quran 33:21, commands every Muslim to emulate all of Muhammad’s words and deeds, which are considered sacred. ---- "A Muslim must be loyal only to the Islamic Ummah" By: Ofer Binshtok The identity of the Muslim is solely to be a part of the global Islamic Ummah, without any connection to a nation-state or to another culture that is not the Islamic Ummah. The idea of independent Islamic nation-states contradicts the Islamic idea as it is found in the Quran and Muhammad's Sunnah. A Muslim, wherever he is in the world, is part of the Islamic Ummah. A Ummah that should be ruled by a caliph through Sharia law. Islam is a global political-religious worldview of a world without borders. The existing Islamic nation-states are actually an act of heresy. A disbeliever who converts to Islam must completely break away from his former identity, become part of the Islamic Ummah, and serve its purposes personally. Every Muslim, wherever he is, is personally obligated to act so that the Islamic Ummah will be established—that is to say, to collapse every nation-state that exists in the world so that the Islamic Ummah will replace it. The fact that the idea of Ummah is included in the central motif of the Quran is evidence of the vital significance of this concept. In Islamic terminology, the term "Ummah" refers to the religious community, also known as the Islamic holy community. This is the primary interpretation of the phrase found in the Quran. Quran 5.51: "O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Auliyâ’ (friends, protectors, helpers), they are but Auliyâ’ of each other. And if any amongst you takes them (as Auliyâ’), then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allâh guides not those people who are the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers and unjust)." Quran 2.143 "Thus, have We made of you an Ummat justly balanced, that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; and We appointed the Qibla to which thou wast used, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels (From the Faith). Indeed it was (A change) momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never would Allah Make your faith of no effect. For Allah is to all people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful." Quran 3.104 "Let there be one nation of you, calling to good, and bidding to honour, and forbidding dishonour; those are the prosperers." Quran 3.110 "You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah. If only the People of the Scripture had believed, it would have been better for them. Among them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient." Quran 16.92 "And be not like her who undoes the thread which she has spun after it has become strong, by taking your oaths a means of deception among yourselves, lest a nation may be more numerous than another nation. Allah only tests you by this [i.e who obeys Allah and fulfills Allah's Covenant and who disobeys Allah and breaks Allah's Covenant]. And on the Day of Resurrection, He will certainly make clear to you that wherein you used to differ [i.e. a believer confesses and believes in the Oneness of Allah and in the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad SAW which the disbeliever denies it and that was their difference amongst them in the life of this world]." Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, volume 1, page 649: Muhammad said, "The earth was made a mosque for me." Sahih al-Bukhari, 3167: "The Prophet said, "If you embrace Islam, you will be safe. You should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle." --- "Because Muhammad admitted to using terrorism, committing an act of terrorism is considered as a holy deed in Islam." (122) CHAPTER. The statement of the Prophet: I have been made victorious for a distance of one month journey with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy). The Statement of Allah: "We shall cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve...(V.3:151) Sahih Al-B ukhari\ translated by Muhammad Muhsin Khan.- Riyadh. Volume 4. (122) CHAPTER. (56 - THE BOOK OF JIHAD) (Fighting for Allah's Cause) Page – 140. Hadith 2977 - Narrated AbU Hurairah: Allah's Messenger A said: "....and I have been made victorious with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy)... Sahih Al-B ukhari\ translated by Muhammad Muhsin Khan.- Riyadh. Volume 4. (122) CHAPTER. (56 - THE BOOK OF JIHAD) (Fighting for Allah's Cause) Page – 140. Quran 68.4 And indeed, you are (Muhammad) of a great moral character. Quran 33.21 "Indeed in the Messenger of Allâh (Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allâh and the Last Day, and remembers Allâh much." --- "When a Muslim looks at a non-Muslim, the Quran creates a lens for him through which he sees and understands the non-Muslim, composed of these three verses (and there are many more):" 8:55, 98:6, and 9:28. Verses 8:55 and 98:6 portray non-Muslims as the worst creatures, even worse than cockroaches, bedbugs, and ticks. Verse 9:28 portrays non-Muslims as physically and spiritually filthy, akin to the filth of excrement. In summary: When a Muslim looks at a non-Muslim, he sees him through the lens of the Quran as the worst creatures, worse than cockroaches and ticks, and physically and spiritually filthy to the level of excrement. Quran 8.55 “Verily, The worst of moving (living) creatures before Allâh are those who disbelieve, - so they shall not believe.” Quran 98.6: "Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islâm, the Qur’ân and Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikûn will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of creatures." Quran 9.28: “O you who believe (in Allâh’s Oneness and in His Messenger Muhammad!) Verily, the Mushrikûn (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh, and in the Message of Muhammad) are Najasun (impure). [1] So let them not come near Al-Masjidal-Harâm (at Makkah) after this year; and if you fear poverty, Allâh will enrich you if He wills, out of His Bounty. Surely, Allâh is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” (V.9:28) Their impurity is spiritual and physical: spiritual, because they don’t believe in Allâh’s Oneness and in His Prophet Muhammad; and physical, because they lack personal hygiene (filthy as regards urine, stools and blood). And the word Najas is used only for those persons who have spiritual impurity e.g. Al-Mushrikûn. Quran 9.14 "Fight against them so that Allâh will punish them by your hands and disgrace them and give you victory over them and heal the breasts of a believing people." Quran 8.39: "...fight them until disbelief (non-Muslims) disappears and the whole Dean (way of life) is for Allah alone...(for Islam)” Quran 9.5: “...kill the Mushrikun (non-Muslims) wherever you find them…" Al-Bukhari: "To wage war against Allah means to reject faith in Him." Quran 2.191: "The sin of disbelief in Allah is greater than committing murder." --- "The concept of Jihad as defined by Sharia law." By: Ofer binshtok. 09.0 JIHAD (0: Jihad means to war against non-Muslims, and is etymologically derived from the word mujahada, signifying warfare to establish the religion. And it is the lesser jihad. As for the greater jihad, it is spiritual warfare against the lower self (nafs), which is why the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said as he was returning from jihad, "We have returned from the lesser jihad to the greater jihad." The scriptural basis for jihad, prior to scholarly consensus (def: b7) is such Koranic verses as: (1) "Fighting is prescribed for you" (Koran 2:216); (2) "Slay them wherever you find them" (Koran 4:89); (3) "Fight the idolators utterly" (Koran 9:36); and such hadiths as the one related by Bukhari and Muslim that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and perform the prayer, and pay zakat. If they say it, they have saved their blood and possessions from me, except for the rights of Islam over them. And their final reckoning is with Allah"; and the hadith reported by Muslim, "To go forth in the morning or evening to fight in the path of Allah is better than the whole world and everything in it." Details concerning jihad are found in the accounts of the military expeditions of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace), including his own martial forays and those on which he dispatched others. The former consist of the ones he personally attended, some twenty seven (others say twenty-nine) of them. He fought in eight of them, and killed only one person with his noble hand, Ubayy ibn Khalaf, at the battle of Uhud. On the latter expeditions he sent others to fight. himself remaining at Medina, and these were forty-seven in number.) THE OBLIGATORY CHARACTER OF JIHAD 09.1 Jihad is a communal obligation (def: c3.2). When enough people perform it to successfully accomplish it, it is no longer obligatory upon others (0: the evidence for which is the Prophet's saying (Allah bless him and give him peace), "He who provides the equipment for a soldier in jihad has himself performed jihad," and Allah Most High having said: "Those of the believers who are unhurt but sit behind are not equal to those who fight in Allah's path with their property and lives. Allah has preferred those who fight with their property and lives a whole degree above those who sit behind. And to each. Allah has promised great good" (Koran 4:95). If none of those concerned perform jihad, and it does not happen at all, then everyone who is aware that it is obligatory is guilty of sin, if there was a possibility of having performed it. In the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) jihad was a communal obligation after his emigration (hijra) to Medina. As for subsequent times, there are two possible states in respect to non-Muslims. The first is when they are in their own countries, in which case jihad (def: 09.8) is a communal obligation, and this is what our author is speaking of when he says, "Jihad is a communal obligation," meaning upon the Muslims each year. The second state is when non-Muslims invade a Muslim country or near to one, in which case jihad is personally obligatory (def: c3.2) upon the inhabitants of that country, who must repel the non-Muslims with whatever they can). 09.2 jihad is personally obligatory upon all 'those present in the battle lines (A: and to flee is an enormity (dis: pH)) (0: provided one is able to fight. If unable, because of illness or the death of one's mount when not able to fight on foot, or because one no longer has a weapon, then one may leave. One may also leave if the opposing non-Muslim army is more than twice the size of the Muslim force). 09.3 Jihad is also (0: personally) obligatory for everyone (0: able to perform it, male or female, old or young) when the enemy has surrounded the Muslims (0: on every side, having entered our territory, even if the land consists of ruins, wilderness, or mountains, for non-Muslim forces entering Muslim lands is a weighty matter that cannot be ignored, but must be met with effort and struggle to repel them by every possible means. All of which is if conditions permit gathering (A: the above-mentioned) people, provisioning them, and readying them for war. If conditions do not permit this, as when the enemy has overrun the Muslims such that they are unable to provision or prepare themselves for war, then whoever is found by a non-Muslim and knows he will be killed if captured is obliged to defend himself in whatever way possible. But if not certain that he will be killed, meaning that he might or might not be, as when he might merely be taken captive, and he knows he will be killed if he does not surrender, then he may either surrender or fight. A woman too has a choice between fighting or surrendering if she is certain that she will not be subjected to lin indecent act if captured. If uncertain that she will be safe from such an act, she is obliged to fight, and surrender is not permissible). Source: Reliance of the Traveller - Revised Edition. The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law 'Umdat al-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1368) in Arabic with Facing English Text, Commentary, and Appendices. Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller. Amana publications-Beltsville. Maryland U.S.A. Page 599-601. [CERTIFICATION OF AL-AZHAR] IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MERCIFUL AND COMPASSIONATE al-Azhar Islamic Research Academy. General Department for Research, Writing, and Translation. Mr, Nuh Ha Mim Keller. Amman, Jordan. Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. To commence: In response to the request you have submitted concerning the examination of the English translation of the book 'Umdat al-salik wa 'uddat alnasik by Ahmad ibn Naqib in the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, together with appendices by Islamic scholars on matters of Islamic law, tenets of faith, and personal ethics and character: we certify that the above-mentioned translation corresponds to the Arabic original and conforms to the practice and faith of the orthodox Sunni Community (Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a). There is no objection to printing it and circulating it. The stamping of the pages of the above-mentioned work with the seal of the department has been completed. May Allah give you success in serving Sacred Knowledge and the religion. Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Composed on 26 Rajab 1411 A.H.l11 February 1991 A.D. General Director of Research, Writing, and Translation Fath Allah Ya Sin Jazar [signed] Muhammad 'Umar Muhammad 'Umar [signed] Seal of al-Azhar [stamped] General Department for Research, Writing, and Translation.

Islamic Art of War By: Ofer Binshtok Islam wages a continuous global war through various methods and with varying intensity against non-Muslims 24/7, as commanded by the Quran and Muhammad, a war that has persisted for approximately 1400 years and will continue indefinitely. In places where non-Muslims grow weary of conflict and seek peace, avoiding confrontation and attempting to appease Islam, believing they have achieved tranquility through signing agreements with Islam and even allowing its migration into their territories, during this time, Islam builds its strength and attacks them when it senses it has the upper hand, from within and from outside, in the most brutal way possible. This war strategy relies on the Islamic Art of War, based on the Quran and Muhammad's Sunnah. Quran 8:39 - The goal: a world containing only Muslims through war. Quran 98:6 - Demonization of non-Muslims. Quran 3:28 - Deceive non-Muslims. Quran 47:35 - Do not seek peace when you have the upper hand. In other words, attack. Quran 8:60 - During a hudna (ceasefire), Islam prepares for war. Quran 9:123 - Attack nearby non-Muslims. Quran 9:5 - Kill every non-Muslim in the world. In 622 AD, Muhammad migrated from Mecca to the settlement of Medina (Yathrib) in the Arabian Peninsula, where he was received as a refugee by the Jews who had established and controlled the prosperous region, granting him shelter. Within approximately eight years, after building his strength, Muhammad eliminated the presence of Jews and other non-Muslims in the area. In 628 AD, Muhammad signed a ten-year hudna (truce) agreement in Hudaibiya with the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, as his forces were weaker than theirs. In 630 AD, when his power was sufficiently strong, he violated the agreement with the Quraysh, attacked Mecca, conquered it with ease, and eradicated all other cultures present there. Muhammad's Sunnah, which is binding in Islam according to Quran 33:21, commands every Muslim to emulate all of Muhammad’s words and deeds, which are considered sacred. ---- "A Muslim must be loyal only to the Islamic Ummah" By: Ofer Binshtok The identity of the Muslim is solely to be a part of the global Islamic Ummah, without any connection to a nation-state or to another culture that is not the Islamic Ummah. The idea of independent Islamic nation-states contradicts the Islamic idea as it is found in the Quran and Muhammad's Sunnah. A Muslim, wherever he is in the world, is part of the Islamic Ummah. A Ummah that should be ruled by a caliph through Sharia law. Islam is a global political-religious worldview of a world without borders. The existing Islamic nation-states are actually an act of heresy. A disbeliever who converts to Islam must completely break away from his former identity, become part of the Islamic Ummah, and serve its purposes personally. Every Muslim, wherever he is, is personally obligated to act so that the Islamic Ummah will be established—that is to say, to collapse every nation-state that exists in the world so that the Islamic Ummah will replace it. The fact that the idea of Ummah is included in the central motif of the Quran is evidence of the vital significance of this concept. In Islamic terminology, the term "Ummah" refers to the religious community, also known as the Islamic holy community. This is the primary interpretation of the phrase found in the Quran. Quran 5.51: "O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Auliyâ’ (friends, protectors, helpers), they are but Auliyâ’ of each other. And if any amongst you takes them (as Auliyâ’), then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allâh guides not those people who are the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers and unjust)." Quran 2.143 "Thus, have We made of you an Ummat justly balanced, that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; and We appointed the Qibla to which thou wast used, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels (From the Faith). Indeed it was (A change) momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never would Allah Make your faith of no effect. For Allah is to all people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful." Quran 3.104 "Let there be one nation of you, calling to good, and bidding to honour, and forbidding dishonour; those are the prosperers." Quran 3.110 "You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah. If only the People of the Scripture had believed, it would have been better for them. Among them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient." Quran 16.92 "And be not like her who undoes the thread which she has spun after it has become strong, by taking your oaths a means of deception among yourselves, lest a nation may be more numerous than another nation. Allah only tests you by this [i.e who obeys Allah and fulfills Allah's Covenant and who disobeys Allah and breaks Allah's Covenant]. And on the Day of Resurrection, He will certainly make clear to you that wherein you used to differ [i.e. a believer confesses and believes in the Oneness of Allah and in the Prophethood of Prophet Muhammad SAW which the disbeliever denies it and that was their difference amongst them in the life of this world]." Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, volume 1, page 649: Muhammad said, "The earth was made a mosque for me." Sahih al-Bukhari, 3167: "The Prophet said, "If you embrace Islam, you will be safe. You should know that the earth belongs to Allah and His Apostle." --- "Because Muhammad admitted to using terrorism, committing an act of terrorism is considered as a holy deed in Islam." (122) CHAPTER. The statement of the Prophet: I have been made victorious for a distance of one month journey with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy). The Statement of Allah: "We shall cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve...(V.3:151) Sahih Al-B ukhari\ translated by Muhammad Muhsin Khan.- Riyadh. Volume 4. (122) CHAPTER. (56 - THE BOOK OF JIHAD) (Fighting for Allah's Cause) Page – 140. Hadith 2977 - Narrated AbU Hurairah: Allah's Messenger A said: "....and I have been made victorious with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy)... Sahih Al-B ukhari\ translated by Muhammad Muhsin Khan.- Riyadh. Volume 4. (122) CHAPTER. (56 - THE BOOK OF JIHAD) (Fighting for Allah's Cause) Page – 140. Quran 68.4 And indeed, you are (Muhammad) of a great moral character. Quran 33.21 "Indeed in the Messenger of Allâh (Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allâh and the Last Day, and remembers Allâh much." --- "When a Muslim looks at a non-Muslim, the Quran creates a lens for him through which he sees and understands the non-Muslim, composed of these three verses (and there are many more):" 8:55, 98:6, and 9:28. Verses 8:55 and 98:6 portray non-Muslims as the worst creatures, even worse than cockroaches, bedbugs, and ticks. Verse 9:28 portrays non-Muslims as physically and spiritually filthy, akin to the filth of excrement. In summary: When a Muslim looks at a non-Muslim, he sees him through the lens of the Quran as the worst creatures, worse than cockroaches and ticks, and physically and spiritually filthy to the level of excrement. Quran 8.55 “Verily, The worst of moving (living) creatures before Allâh are those who disbelieve, - so they shall not believe.” Quran 98.6: "Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islâm, the Qur’ân and Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikûn will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of creatures." Quran 9.28: “O you who believe (in Allâh’s Oneness and in His Messenger Muhammad!) Verily, the Mushrikûn (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh, and in the Message of Muhammad) are Najasun (impure). [1] So let them not come near Al-Masjidal-Harâm (at Makkah) after this year; and if you fear poverty, Allâh will enrich you if He wills, out of His Bounty. Surely, Allâh is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” (V.9:28) Their impurity is spiritual and physical: spiritual, because they don’t believe in Allâh’s Oneness and in His Prophet Muhammad; and physical, because they lack personal hygiene (filthy as regards urine, stools and blood). And the word Najas is used only for those persons who have spiritual impurity e.g. Al-Mushrikûn. Quran 9.14 "Fight against them so that Allâh will punish them by your hands and disgrace them and give you victory over them and heal the breasts of a believing people." Quran 8.39: "...fight them until disbelief (non-Muslims) disappears and the whole Dean (way of life) is for Allah alone...(for Islam)” Quran 9.5: “...kill the Mushrikun (non-Muslims) wherever you find them…" Al-Bukhari: "To wage war against Allah means to reject faith in Him." Quran 2.191: "The sin of disbelief in Allah is greater than committing murder." --- "The concept of Jihad as defined by Sharia law." By: Ofer binshtok. 09.0 JIHAD (0: Jihad means to war against non-Muslims, and is etymologically derived from the word mujahada, signifying warfare to establish the religion. And it is the lesser jihad. As for the greater jihad, it is spiritual warfare against the lower self (nafs), which is why the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said as he was returning from jihad, "We have returned from the lesser jihad to the greater jihad." The scriptural basis for jihad, prior to scholarly consensus (def: b7) is such Koranic verses as: (1) "Fighting is prescribed for you" (Koran 2:216); (2) "Slay them wherever you find them" (Koran 4:89); (3) "Fight the idolators utterly" (Koran 9:36); and such hadiths as the one related by Bukhari and Muslim that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and perform the prayer, and pay zakat. If they say it, they have saved their blood and possessions from me, except for the rights of Islam over them. And their final reckoning is with Allah"; and the hadith reported by Muslim, "To go forth in the morning or evening to fight in the path of Allah is better than the whole world and everything in it." Details concerning jihad are found in the accounts of the military expeditions of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace), including his own martial forays and those on which he dispatched others. The former consist of the ones he personally attended, some twenty seven (others say twenty-nine) of them. He fought in eight of them, and killed only one person with his noble hand, Ubayy ibn Khalaf, at the battle of Uhud. On the latter expeditions he sent others to fight. himself remaining at Medina, and these were forty-seven in number.) THE OBLIGATORY CHARACTER OF JIHAD 09.1 Jihad is a communal obligation (def: c3.2). When enough people perform it to successfully accomplish it, it is no longer obligatory upon others (0: the evidence for which is the Prophet's saying (Allah bless him and give him peace), "He who provides the equipment for a soldier in jihad has himself performed jihad," and Allah Most High having said: "Those of the believers who are unhurt but sit behind are not equal to those who fight in Allah's path with their property and lives. Allah has preferred those who fight with their property and lives a whole degree above those who sit behind. And to each. Allah has promised great good" (Koran 4:95). If none of those concerned perform jihad, and it does not happen at all, then everyone who is aware that it is obligatory is guilty of sin, if there was a possibility of having performed it. In the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) jihad was a communal obligation after his emigration (hijra) to Medina. As for subsequent times, there are two possible states in respect to non-Muslims. The first is when they are in their own countries, in which case jihad (def: 09.8) is a communal obligation, and this is what our author is speaking of when he says, "Jihad is a communal obligation," meaning upon the Muslims each year. The second state is when non-Muslims invade a Muslim country or near to one, in which case jihad is personally obligatory (def: c3.2) upon the inhabitants of that country, who must repel the non-Muslims with whatever they can). 09.2 jihad is personally obligatory upon all 'those present in the battle lines (A: and to flee is an enormity (dis: pH)) (0: provided one is able to fight. If unable, because of illness or the death of one's mount when not able to fight on foot, or because one no longer has a weapon, then one may leave. One may also leave if the opposing non-Muslim army is more than twice the size of the Muslim force). 09.3 Jihad is also (0: personally) obligatory for everyone (0: able to perform it, male or female, old or young) when the enemy has surrounded the Muslims (0: on every side, having entered our territory, even if the land consists of ruins, wilderness, or mountains, for non-Muslim forces entering Muslim lands is a weighty matter that cannot be ignored, but must be met with effort and struggle to repel them by every possible means. All of which is if conditions permit gathering (A: the above-mentioned) people, provisioning them, and readying them for war. If conditions do not permit this, as when the enemy has overrun the Muslims such that they are unable to provision or prepare themselves for war, then whoever is found by a non-Muslim and knows he will be killed if captured is obliged to defend himself in whatever way possible. But if not certain that he will be killed, meaning that he might or might not be, as when he might merely be taken captive, and he knows he will be killed if he does not surrender, then he may either surrender or fight. A woman too has a choice between fighting or surrendering if she is certain that she will not be subjected to lin indecent act if captured. If uncertain that she will be safe from such an act, she is obliged to fight, and surrender is not permissible). Source: Reliance of the Traveller - Revised Edition. The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law 'Umdat al-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1368) in Arabic with Facing English Text, Commentary, and Appendices. Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller. Amana publications-Beltsville. Maryland U.S.A. Page 599-601. [CERTIFICATION OF AL-AZHAR] IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MERCIFUL AND COMPASSIONATE al-Azhar Islamic Research Academy. General Department for Research, Writing, and Translation. Mr, Nuh Ha Mim Keller. Amman, Jordan. Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. To commence: In response to the request you have submitted concerning the examination of the English translation of the book 'Umdat al-salik wa 'uddat alnasik by Ahmad ibn Naqib in the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, together with appendices by Islamic scholars on matters of Islamic law, tenets of faith, and personal ethics and character: we certify that the above-mentioned translation corresponds to the Arabic original and conforms to the practice and faith of the orthodox Sunni Community (Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a). There is no objection to printing it and circulating it. The stamping of the pages of the above-mentioned work with the seal of the department has been completed. May Allah give you success in serving Sacred Knowledge and the religion. Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Composed on 26 Rajab 1411 A.H.l11 February 1991 A.D. General Director of Research, Writing, and Translation Fath Allah Ya Sin Jazar [signed] Muhammad 'Umar Muhammad 'Umar [signed] Seal of al-Azhar [stamped] General Department for Research, Writing, and Translation.

Ofer Binshtok - Kafir - עופר בינשטוק

848,782 просмотров • 1 год назад

WHY YOU WAKE UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT Your brain has 20,000 neurons clustered in the hypothalamus. They form the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This is your master clock. It's been running since before birth. At 25, this clock kept you unconscious until morning. At 65, the same clock runs on less melatonin, weaker signals, and a rhythm that physically shifted 2-3 hours earlier. It fires a wake signal between 2-4 a.m. Four systems inside your body shifted with age. They converge at the same hour every night. The thoughts that arrive at 3 a.m. feel different from the same thoughts at 3 p.m. because your brain runs a different program in the dark. The part that would normally tell you those thoughts aren't emergencies is still asleep. THE CLOCK MOVED FORWARD The suprachiasmatic nucleus generates a near 24-hour rhythm controlling when you feel alert and when you feel sleepy. In young adults, peak sleepiness arrives around 11 p.m. Peak alertness arrives around 9-10 a.m. Blue light at 480 nanometers activates melanopsin cells in the retina. These cells send signals directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, synchronizing your clock to the day-night cycle. With age, the clock shifts earlier. This is circadian phase advance. The sleepiness signal arrives at 7-8 p.m. instead of 11 p.m. The wake signal arrives at 3-4 a.m. instead of 6-7 a.m. The entire sleep-wake window moves forward 2-3 hours. The suprachiasmatic nucleus itself degrades. Neurons deteriorate. The amplitude of the circadian signal weakens. Peaks become shallower. Troughs become less deep. The radio station loses transmitter power until the signal becomes fuzzy and inconsistent. The clock's sensitivity to light cues diminishes through two mechanisms. The aging lens yellows and thickens, filtering more blue light before it reaches the melanopsin cells. The suprachiasmatic neurons themselves respond less robustly to whatever signal does arrive. Weaker input through a cloudier window. Less responsive neurons processing that input. The clock drifts. When the circadian clock drifts without strong light cues, it drifts earlier. Phase advance is the default direction of an unanchored aging clock. MELATONIN COLLAPSED The pineal gland releases melatonin at night to initiate and maintain sleep. This hormone declines with age. The pineal gland calcifies gradually over decades, reducing functional tissue and capacity to produce melatonin. By 65, nighttime melatonin levels can be one-third to one-quarter of what they were at 30. Sometimes less. Melatonin doesn't just initiate sleep. It maintains depth and continuity across the full night. When melatonin is low, sleep is shallower, more fragmented, more vulnerable to interruption. Even if you fall asleep at a reasonable hour, low melatonin cannot hold you through to morning. Your body tries to put you to sleep at 8 p.m. and wake you at 3 a.m. That's a 7-hour sleep window. It might be enough sleep for your shifted clock. But you fight the 8 o'clock drowsiness. Social life, television, family, habit. You stay up until 10 or 11. The clock doesn't adjust to your social schedule. It fires the wake signal at 3 regardless. The clock runs on light and biology, not preferences. You lost 2-3 hours from the front of your sleep window by staying up late. The alarm still goes off on the original schedule. The 3 a.m. waking isn't a malfunction. It's your shifted clock doing exactly what it was programmed to do. This is social jet lag. The gap between your biological clock time and your social clock time creates the same physiological mismatch as flying across two or three time zones. Your body is in one time zone. Your social life is in another. The drowsiness you fight at 8 p.m. is your body's genuine sleep onset signal. The waking at 3 a.m. is your body's genuine wake signal. The problem isn't the signals. The problem is overriding one without being able to override the other. There's a compounding factor. The shifted clock means your body wants to sleep earlier. The reduced melatonin means it cannot hold sleep as deeply or as long. You're caught between two problems: a clock that fires the wake signal too early and a chemical supply that cannot maintain the sleep signal through the full night. Even if you went to bed at 8, the reduced melatonin might still fail to hold you past 3 or 4. The clock shifted the window. The melatonin shrank it. DEEP SLEEP DISAPPEARED Sleep cycles through stages roughly every 90 minutes. Light sleep, deeper sleep, deeper sleep, then REM. The stage that matters most for feeling rested is slow-wave sleep, stage N3, the deepest phase. Brainwaves drop to large, slow delta oscillations at 0.5-4 hertz. During slow-wave sleep, the glymphatic system activates. Cerebrospinal fluid flushes through brain tissue along channels that open when neurons shrink slightly during deep sleep. This clears metabolic waste: adenosine, the molecule that builds sleep pressure during the day, and amyloid beta proteins, the plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Growth hormone pulses during N3. Tissue repair peaks. Memory consolidation occurs. The hippocampus replays the day's experiences and transfers them to long-term cortical storage. This is the sleep that makes you feel like you actually slept. At 25, roughly 20% of the night is spent in slow-wave sleep. By 65, that drops to 10-15%. By 75, some people get almost none. My sleep tracker tells me that I almost never get less than 30%... and I'm 60. It is possible to have restorative deep sleep no matter what your age is. In my case even at lower sleep duration. High energy availability alsp plays a big role. The slow wave generating circuits in the medial prefrontal cortex usually deteriorate with age, producing weaker and less frequent delta oscillations. The deep sleep itself becomes shallower. The waves are smaller. The duration shorter. The restorative process is less complete. If deep sleep is the period when the brain clears amyloid beta, then reduced deep sleep means reduced clearance. Less deep sleep leads to more amyloid, which leads to less deep sleep, which leads to more amyloid. The relationship is bidirectional and self-reinforcing. If you never feel fully rested no matter how many hours you spend in bed, if 8 hours produces the recovery that 6 hours used to produce, if you wake in the morning with the sense that something was missing from the night, the missing component may be slow wave sleep. The hours were there. The depth was not. Slow-wave sleep that remains concentrates in the first half of the night, the first two to three sleep cycles. By 2-3 a.m., most of the deep sleep budget has been spent. What remains for the second half of the night is lighter stage one and stage two sleep, interspersed with REM. Light sleep has a dramatically lower arousal threshold. Stimuli that would not have registered during slow-wave sleep can push you above the waking threshold in light sleep. A slight temperature change in the room. A bathroom urge from a bladder that fills faster with age. A noise from outside. Even the natural shift in body position. You wake at 3 a.m. partly because the sleep you're in at 3 a.m. is physiologically different from the sleep you're in at midnight. The fortress walls got thinner as the night progressed. By 3 o'clock, you're sleeping behind a screen door instead of a vault. You could sleep through thunderstorms at 30. Now you wake at the sound of a refrigerator cycling on. The physics isn't about the noise. It's about the stage of sleep you're in when the noise arrives. At midnight, during slow-wave sleep, your arousal threshold is high. The brain runs delta waves that suppress responsiveness to external stimuli. At 3 a.m. in stage 1 or stage 2, the threshold has dropped to a fraction of its midnight level. The same sound that the sleeping brain would have filtered at midnight wakes you at 3 because the brain is no longer running the program that filters it. CORTISOL ARRIVED EARLY Your body runs a cortisol rhythm called the cortisol awakening response. In the final hours of sleep, the adrenal glands begin increasing cortisol output, preparing the body for waking. Mobilizing glucose into the bloodstream. Priming the immune system for the day's pathogens. Raising blood pressure and heart rate toward daytime operating levels. In a young adult, this cortisol rise begins around 4-5 a.m. and peaks roughly 30-45 minutes after waking. With age, the rise begins earlier. 2-3 a.m. in many older adults. Low-carb diets can also trigger a relatively strong cortisol release, waking you up early.. The same circadian phase advance that shifted the sleep-wake window also shifted the cortisol curve. Every rhythm the suprachiasmatic nucleus controls moves in the same direction. Cortisol alone doesn't wake you. But combined with already light sleep and a shifted circadian clock, the cortisol rise adds a third signal, pushing you toward wakefulness at precisely the hour when the other two systems have already weakened your defenses. Three systems converging on the same window. The clock says wake up. The sleep stage says the walls are thin. The cortisol says the body is preparing for morning. All three signals arrive at 3 a.m. Not by coincidence. All three are governed by the same shifted circadian master clock. If the waking comes at almost exactly the same time every night, not randomly scattered across the early morning hours but clustered within the same 30-minute window, that precision is the signature of a circadian event. Cortisol is antagonistic to melatonin. The two hormones suppress each other. Cortisol inhibits melatonin production. Melatonin suppresses cortisol. In a young person with high melatonin and correctly timed cortisol, the two hormones hand off smoothly. Melatonin dominates the night. Cortisol rises toward morning. The transition is seamless. In an aging body with depleted melatonin and early-arriving cortisol, the handoff happens too soon. When cortisol starts rising at 2-3 a.m. and melatonin is already low, the biochemical conditions for staying asleep collapse. The melatonin that should be holding you under is insufficient. The cortisol that should not be arriving for another two hours is already here. Two hormones that are supposed to hand off like relay runners, one finishing as the other begins, instead collide in the same hour because both shifted on the same aging clock. The balance tips toward waking. THE WORST THOUGHTS ARRIVE When you wake at 6-7 a.m., cortisol is high, light enters your eyes, and your prefrontal cortex comes online in its task-oriented mode. You think about what to do, what to eat, where to go. Executive function engages. The thinking is directed, practical, forward-looking. Problems that exist at 7 a.m. feel like problems to be solved. Manageable, bounded, addressable. When you wake at 3 a.m. in the dark with no tasks to perform and no light to signal daytime, a different network activates. The default mode network. The brain's self-referential processing system fires in the absence of external input and directed task. This is the rumination network. It runs replays of conversations you had years ago. It generates worry scenarios about events that may never happen. It revisits regrets from decades past with a vividness that feels more real than memory should. It rehearses confrontations that will never take place. It asks questions that have no answers at any hour, let alone at 3 a.m. At 3 a.m., the default mode network has nothing competing with it. No light. No task. No external stimulation. No social interaction. And the executive prefrontal cortex that would normally evaluate, contextualize, and override the rumination is still partially offline. The prefrontal cortex is the last brain region to fully activate upon waking. It requires light exposure and time to reach full operating capacity. This is the region that says this thought is not an emergency. This worry is not proportionate to reality. This problem can wait until morning and will look different then. At 3 a.m., that region is sleeping while the default mode network runs at full power. You're awake enough to think. But the thinking is the uncontrolled, self-referential, catastrophizing kind. The system that controls and contextualizes thought has not caught up with the system that generates it. The worry loop feels more intense at 3 a.m. than the same thoughts would feel at 3 p.m. because the brain regions that regulate emotional response and assign proportionality are not yet operational. You're running the worry software without the control software. The thoughts feel urgent and catastrophic because the part of your brain that would tell you they are neither is still asleep. The thoughts are not true in the way they feel true. They're running on hardware that cannot evaluate them yet. The 3 a.m. thoughts have a specific quality that daytime worry doesn't. A sense of certainty. Of inevitability. Of problems being larger and solutions being fewer than they actually are. The distortion isn't emotional. It's architectural. The brain regions that generate worry are online. The brain regions that evaluate worry are not. By 7 a.m., when the prefrontal cortex has fully activated and light has entered the eyes and cortisol has reached its appropriate peak, the same problems that felt catastrophic at 3 a.m. feel manageable. Nothing changed about the problems. Everything changed about which brain regions are processing them. If you've lain in the dark at 3 a.m. and felt that your problems were larger, your regrets sharper, your fears more certain than they would be by breakfast, that wasn't weakness. It wasn't anxiety disorder. It was the default mode network running without prefrontal supervision, amplified by cortisol that arrived early, in a brain that had already run through its deep sleep budget and could not pull you back under. Four systems, all doing what the physics of aging programmed them to do, all converging on the same hour. Subscribers have access to detailed practical applications of remedies in a second attached post.

WHY YOU WAKE UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT Your brain has 20,000 neurons clustered in the hypothalamus. They form the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This is your master clock. It's been running since before birth. At 25, this clock kept you unconscious until morning. At 65, the same clock runs on less melatonin, weaker signals, and a rhythm that physically shifted 2-3 hours earlier. It fires a wake signal between 2-4 a.m. Four systems inside your body shifted with age. They converge at the same hour every night. The thoughts that arrive at 3 a.m. feel different from the same thoughts at 3 p.m. because your brain runs a different program in the dark. The part that would normally tell you those thoughts aren't emergencies is still asleep. THE CLOCK MOVED FORWARD The suprachiasmatic nucleus generates a near 24-hour rhythm controlling when you feel alert and when you feel sleepy. In young adults, peak sleepiness arrives around 11 p.m. Peak alertness arrives around 9-10 a.m. Blue light at 480 nanometers activates melanopsin cells in the retina. These cells send signals directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, synchronizing your clock to the day-night cycle. With age, the clock shifts earlier. This is circadian phase advance. The sleepiness signal arrives at 7-8 p.m. instead of 11 p.m. The wake signal arrives at 3-4 a.m. instead of 6-7 a.m. The entire sleep-wake window moves forward 2-3 hours. The suprachiasmatic nucleus itself degrades. Neurons deteriorate. The amplitude of the circadian signal weakens. Peaks become shallower. Troughs become less deep. The radio station loses transmitter power until the signal becomes fuzzy and inconsistent. The clock's sensitivity to light cues diminishes through two mechanisms. The aging lens yellows and thickens, filtering more blue light before it reaches the melanopsin cells. The suprachiasmatic neurons themselves respond less robustly to whatever signal does arrive. Weaker input through a cloudier window. Less responsive neurons processing that input. The clock drifts. When the circadian clock drifts without strong light cues, it drifts earlier. Phase advance is the default direction of an unanchored aging clock. MELATONIN COLLAPSED The pineal gland releases melatonin at night to initiate and maintain sleep. This hormone declines with age. The pineal gland calcifies gradually over decades, reducing functional tissue and capacity to produce melatonin. By 65, nighttime melatonin levels can be one-third to one-quarter of what they were at 30. Sometimes less. Melatonin doesn't just initiate sleep. It maintains depth and continuity across the full night. When melatonin is low, sleep is shallower, more fragmented, more vulnerable to interruption. Even if you fall asleep at a reasonable hour, low melatonin cannot hold you through to morning. Your body tries to put you to sleep at 8 p.m. and wake you at 3 a.m. That's a 7-hour sleep window. It might be enough sleep for your shifted clock. But you fight the 8 o'clock drowsiness. Social life, television, family, habit. You stay up until 10 or 11. The clock doesn't adjust to your social schedule. It fires the wake signal at 3 regardless. The clock runs on light and biology, not preferences. You lost 2-3 hours from the front of your sleep window by staying up late. The alarm still goes off on the original schedule. The 3 a.m. waking isn't a malfunction. It's your shifted clock doing exactly what it was programmed to do. This is social jet lag. The gap between your biological clock time and your social clock time creates the same physiological mismatch as flying across two or three time zones. Your body is in one time zone. Your social life is in another. The drowsiness you fight at 8 p.m. is your body's genuine sleep onset signal. The waking at 3 a.m. is your body's genuine wake signal. The problem isn't the signals. The problem is overriding one without being able to override the other. There's a compounding factor. The shifted clock means your body wants to sleep earlier. The reduced melatonin means it cannot hold sleep as deeply or as long. You're caught between two problems: a clock that fires the wake signal too early and a chemical supply that cannot maintain the sleep signal through the full night. Even if you went to bed at 8, the reduced melatonin might still fail to hold you past 3 or 4. The clock shifted the window. The melatonin shrank it. DEEP SLEEP DISAPPEARED Sleep cycles through stages roughly every 90 minutes. Light sleep, deeper sleep, deeper sleep, then REM. The stage that matters most for feeling rested is slow-wave sleep, stage N3, the deepest phase. Brainwaves drop to large, slow delta oscillations at 0.5-4 hertz. During slow-wave sleep, the glymphatic system activates. Cerebrospinal fluid flushes through brain tissue along channels that open when neurons shrink slightly during deep sleep. This clears metabolic waste: adenosine, the molecule that builds sleep pressure during the day, and amyloid beta proteins, the plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Growth hormone pulses during N3. Tissue repair peaks. Memory consolidation occurs. The hippocampus replays the day's experiences and transfers them to long-term cortical storage. This is the sleep that makes you feel like you actually slept. At 25, roughly 20% of the night is spent in slow-wave sleep. By 65, that drops to 10-15%. By 75, some people get almost none. My sleep tracker tells me that I almost never get less than 30%... and I'm 60. It is possible to have restorative deep sleep no matter what your age is. In my case even at lower sleep duration. High energy availability alsp plays a big role. The slow wave generating circuits in the medial prefrontal cortex usually deteriorate with age, producing weaker and less frequent delta oscillations. The deep sleep itself becomes shallower. The waves are smaller. The duration shorter. The restorative process is less complete. If deep sleep is the period when the brain clears amyloid beta, then reduced deep sleep means reduced clearance. Less deep sleep leads to more amyloid, which leads to less deep sleep, which leads to more amyloid. The relationship is bidirectional and self-reinforcing. If you never feel fully rested no matter how many hours you spend in bed, if 8 hours produces the recovery that 6 hours used to produce, if you wake in the morning with the sense that something was missing from the night, the missing component may be slow wave sleep. The hours were there. The depth was not. Slow-wave sleep that remains concentrates in the first half of the night, the first two to three sleep cycles. By 2-3 a.m., most of the deep sleep budget has been spent. What remains for the second half of the night is lighter stage one and stage two sleep, interspersed with REM. Light sleep has a dramatically lower arousal threshold. Stimuli that would not have registered during slow-wave sleep can push you above the waking threshold in light sleep. A slight temperature change in the room. A bathroom urge from a bladder that fills faster with age. A noise from outside. Even the natural shift in body position. You wake at 3 a.m. partly because the sleep you're in at 3 a.m. is physiologically different from the sleep you're in at midnight. The fortress walls got thinner as the night progressed. By 3 o'clock, you're sleeping behind a screen door instead of a vault. You could sleep through thunderstorms at 30. Now you wake at the sound of a refrigerator cycling on. The physics isn't about the noise. It's about the stage of sleep you're in when the noise arrives. At midnight, during slow-wave sleep, your arousal threshold is high. The brain runs delta waves that suppress responsiveness to external stimuli. At 3 a.m. in stage 1 or stage 2, the threshold has dropped to a fraction of its midnight level. The same sound that the sleeping brain would have filtered at midnight wakes you at 3 because the brain is no longer running the program that filters it. CORTISOL ARRIVED EARLY Your body runs a cortisol rhythm called the cortisol awakening response. In the final hours of sleep, the adrenal glands begin increasing cortisol output, preparing the body for waking. Mobilizing glucose into the bloodstream. Priming the immune system for the day's pathogens. Raising blood pressure and heart rate toward daytime operating levels. In a young adult, this cortisol rise begins around 4-5 a.m. and peaks roughly 30-45 minutes after waking. With age, the rise begins earlier. 2-3 a.m. in many older adults. Low-carb diets can also trigger a relatively strong cortisol release, waking you up early.. The same circadian phase advance that shifted the sleep-wake window also shifted the cortisol curve. Every rhythm the suprachiasmatic nucleus controls moves in the same direction. Cortisol alone doesn't wake you. But combined with already light sleep and a shifted circadian clock, the cortisol rise adds a third signal, pushing you toward wakefulness at precisely the hour when the other two systems have already weakened your defenses. Three systems converging on the same window. The clock says wake up. The sleep stage says the walls are thin. The cortisol says the body is preparing for morning. All three signals arrive at 3 a.m. Not by coincidence. All three are governed by the same shifted circadian master clock. If the waking comes at almost exactly the same time every night, not randomly scattered across the early morning hours but clustered within the same 30-minute window, that precision is the signature of a circadian event. Cortisol is antagonistic to melatonin. The two hormones suppress each other. Cortisol inhibits melatonin production. Melatonin suppresses cortisol. In a young person with high melatonin and correctly timed cortisol, the two hormones hand off smoothly. Melatonin dominates the night. Cortisol rises toward morning. The transition is seamless. In an aging body with depleted melatonin and early-arriving cortisol, the handoff happens too soon. When cortisol starts rising at 2-3 a.m. and melatonin is already low, the biochemical conditions for staying asleep collapse. The melatonin that should be holding you under is insufficient. The cortisol that should not be arriving for another two hours is already here. Two hormones that are supposed to hand off like relay runners, one finishing as the other begins, instead collide in the same hour because both shifted on the same aging clock. The balance tips toward waking. THE WORST THOUGHTS ARRIVE When you wake at 6-7 a.m., cortisol is high, light enters your eyes, and your prefrontal cortex comes online in its task-oriented mode. You think about what to do, what to eat, where to go. Executive function engages. The thinking is directed, practical, forward-looking. Problems that exist at 7 a.m. feel like problems to be solved. Manageable, bounded, addressable. When you wake at 3 a.m. in the dark with no tasks to perform and no light to signal daytime, a different network activates. The default mode network. The brain's self-referential processing system fires in the absence of external input and directed task. This is the rumination network. It runs replays of conversations you had years ago. It generates worry scenarios about events that may never happen. It revisits regrets from decades past with a vividness that feels more real than memory should. It rehearses confrontations that will never take place. It asks questions that have no answers at any hour, let alone at 3 a.m. At 3 a.m., the default mode network has nothing competing with it. No light. No task. No external stimulation. No social interaction. And the executive prefrontal cortex that would normally evaluate, contextualize, and override the rumination is still partially offline. The prefrontal cortex is the last brain region to fully activate upon waking. It requires light exposure and time to reach full operating capacity. This is the region that says this thought is not an emergency. This worry is not proportionate to reality. This problem can wait until morning and will look different then. At 3 a.m., that region is sleeping while the default mode network runs at full power. You're awake enough to think. But the thinking is the uncontrolled, self-referential, catastrophizing kind. The system that controls and contextualizes thought has not caught up with the system that generates it. The worry loop feels more intense at 3 a.m. than the same thoughts would feel at 3 p.m. because the brain regions that regulate emotional response and assign proportionality are not yet operational. You're running the worry software without the control software. The thoughts feel urgent and catastrophic because the part of your brain that would tell you they are neither is still asleep. The thoughts are not true in the way they feel true. They're running on hardware that cannot evaluate them yet. The 3 a.m. thoughts have a specific quality that daytime worry doesn't. A sense of certainty. Of inevitability. Of problems being larger and solutions being fewer than they actually are. The distortion isn't emotional. It's architectural. The brain regions that generate worry are online. The brain regions that evaluate worry are not. By 7 a.m., when the prefrontal cortex has fully activated and light has entered the eyes and cortisol has reached its appropriate peak, the same problems that felt catastrophic at 3 a.m. feel manageable. Nothing changed about the problems. Everything changed about which brain regions are processing them. If you've lain in the dark at 3 a.m. and felt that your problems were larger, your regrets sharper, your fears more certain than they would be by breakfast, that wasn't weakness. It wasn't anxiety disorder. It was the default mode network running without prefrontal supervision, amplified by cortisol that arrived early, in a brain that had already run through its deep sleep budget and could not pull you back under. Four systems, all doing what the physics of aging programmed them to do, all converging on the same hour. Subscribers have access to detailed practical applications of remedies in a second attached post.

Metabolic Uncle

12,138 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

TOPIC #107: PI NETWORK IS A STABLE COIN? -WHO DECIDES PI FULLY OM FIXED VALUE? Dear GCV army, I hope you are all doing great! First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for all your hard work. Many of you have achieved significant milestones, and it’s evident that you are making a great difference. Our influence has grown significantly, with an increasing number of social media posts and YouTubers publicly supporting us. I can see that more and more people are beginning to understand why we advocate for GCV. Today's meeting aims to alleviate any doubts you may have, allowing you to relax and feel confident as we embark on our historic journey together. I will answer the questions I’ve received and address some important issues we need to focus on to maintain our community's efficiency, particularly regarding our Generals, which will be the topic next weekend. I put the questions I received here. "A question addressed to Ms. Doris Yin in the emergency meeting 1– In light of the rapidly changing global circumstances and the increasing discussion about stablecoins backed by U.S. Treasury bonds, how do you see the future role of the Pi Network in this context? And what practical steps should the GCV army take now to accelerate this path? 2_ There are those who promote the idea that the price of Pi is what appears in the market (currently around $0.49) and compare it to the price of GCV within the ecosystem (314,159 Pi = 1 good or service). They say if Pi’s price rises to $2, it means that the value within The ecosystem is approximately 2 million dollars. With sincere appreciation and discipline." This is from the Arab head of GCV Ambassador Mr. Mohammed. Another question: "Hello, my Global Ambassador, I am Ateba Joseph, Ecological Ambassador in Cameroon And a member of the GCV army, I am delighted to exchange with you. Regarding the meeting with the GCV army on Sunday, July 27, 2025.. Here is my concern: A few days ago, a correspondence indicated that Pi is not or is not yet a stable coin. Upon reading this information, we have provided many explanations to help the pioneers understand this. I hope you will focus more on this statement to further strengthen our understanding of the subject. Thank you for taking my concerns into consideration" Thank you for the above questions; my answers are below. The first question concerns stablecoins. Many pioneers are hoping that Pi can be recognized by the U.S. government as a stablecoin. I wrote an article on this in May. On July 18, 2025, President Trump signed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act (the GENIUS Act) into law. This legislation establishes a regulatory framework for payment stablecoins and marks the first federal legislation on digital assets enacted since President Trump issued an executive order aimed at making the U.S. the “crypto capital of the world.” U.S.-issued stablecoins are expected to become the primary means of dollar transactions globally, especially in emerging markets with unstable local currencies. The sponsors of the GENIUS Act estimate that by 2030, stablecoin issuers may collectively become the largest holders of U.S. Treasuries, surpassing foreign central banks. From this, we can see that U.S. stablecoins must maintain reserves backing outstanding payment stablecoins on a one-to-one basis, consisting only of specified assets, including U.S. dollars and short-term Treasury securities. It is clear that the Pi Network will not take this path, as it is not part of our plan. A stablecoin is essentially a digital representation of the U.S. dollar. All stablecoin issuers do not create a new currency; rather, it’s akin to purchasing chips at a casino – you must use U.S. dollars to buy those chips. However, Pi is a completely new currency. It does not need to be backed up by U.S. dollars or U.S. Treasuries to be used. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need to establish an ecosystem or have a three-year enclosed mainnet. I previously mentioned the possibility of Pi being an algorithmic stablecoin since only algorithmic stablecoins do not need to be backed by U.S. dollars. However, algorithmic stablecoins have faced significant failures in the past. The collapse of the Terra (LUNA) cryptocurrency resulted in a loss of at least $40 billion in market capitalization, with estimates reaching as high as $60 billion. TerraUSD (UST), an algorithmic stablecoin, lost its peg to the U.S. dollar, contributing to its overall collapse. The new stablecoin legislation recently passed through the Senate effectively ties the U.S. Treasury to crypto, as it essentially bets the government’s cash flow on digital tokens and market speculation. This legislation requires stablecoins to be backed by short-term Treasury bills, generating an estimated $2–$3 trillion in new demand for government debt, which is nearly half the current size of the T-bill market. On paper, this looks beneficial, but in reality, it creates a circular feedback loop: crypto demand fuels stablecoins, stablecoins buy T-bills, and T-bills fund government deficits. The government becomes reliant on speculative capital flows. Thus, we should understand why the U.S. government will not support the Pi Network as a stablecoin, as they require stablecoin issuers to buy T-bills and can no longer trust algorithmic stablecoins. So, what is the future of the Pi Network as a currency? From my perspective, Pi is already listed on exchange markets. It cannot be classified as a security because it is mined freely and is not an ICO. Instead, it should be categorized as a commodity, similar to Bitcoin and ETH. When a currency is listed for trading on an exchange, its price is determined by the balance of supply and demand. However, Pi is a currency in its own right; it has inherent value from Pi holders -Pioneers. Historically, currency has served as a medium of exchange. A medium of exchange is a widely accepted item for buying goods and services in an economy. It facilitates transactions by eliminating the need for a barter system, where goods are directly exchanged for other goods. In modern economies, money (such as currency) serves as the primary medium of exchange. Functions of Money: One of the core functions of money is to serve as a medium of exchange, enabling the smooth transfer of value between buyers and sellers, thereby simplifying trade and economic activity. Examples: In modern economies, this typically includes currency (paper money, coins) or digital money. In specific historical contexts, other items, such as cigarettes in prisoner-of-war camps, have also served as mediums of exchange. Importance of Acceptance: For a medium of exchange to function effectively, it must be widely accepted and trusted within the relevant community. Not the Same as a Payment Method: While credit cards and checks are used for payments, they do not serve as mediums of exchange themselves. Therefore, stablecoin is not a new currency. It is more likely to have a credit card or check character. It is a USD digital status. From the analysis presented, we can draw the following conclusions: The current price of Pi on the exchange market primarily serves as a temporary measure to facilitate broad expansion. While this is not our primary objective, it constitutes a strategic approach towards achieving our mission. To gain a clearer perspective, we must adopt a higher-level view of the overall vision for the Pi Network. The mission and vision of Pi Network clearly articulate that it is not intended to function as a commodity for sale, nor is it meant to be an investment vehicle or a speculative security. Instead, it is crucial to recognize that Pi is designed to be a medium of exchange—a new form of currency. As pioneers in this venture, we have the unique opportunity to acquire Pi through free mining. However, it is important to note that the current mining rate is relatively slow. To overcome this limitation and to further our goal of mass adoption, it is essential for more individuals to join the Pi Network and participate in holding Pi. One efficient way to accelerate this process is by allowing Pi to be traded on the exchange market, which can result in rapid and widespread adoption. Since Pi can be mined for free, a lower price could make it more accessible to a larger number of people. It's important to focus on our primary goal during this pre-full Open Mainnet (OM) phase: mass adoption, rather than aiming for high prices, which many pioneers expected. Some pioneers want to sell when the price increases, but if too many sell, it could undermine our goal of achieving mass adoption. This scenario is reminiscent of historical instances when shells served as currency—readily accessible from the sea or buy from the village market. For shells to function effectively as currency, a collective effort was needed to hold and circulate them within the village. If only a select few individuals possess the shells, the currency lacks the necessary circulation to sustain an economy. Hence, our goal should not be centered on achieving a high price; instead, we should strive to make Pi more affordable so that a greater number of individuals can acquire and hold it, thereby fostering a thriving economic ecosystem. Of course, the rising price will build up merchants' confidence to accept it as payment. This is why we refer to it as a buyback campaign, which aims to achieve mass adoption and foster ecosystem confidence. As Pi evolves into a currency, the question of its value becomes pertinent. Given that it is a new currency, its value is not immediately clear. This presents an opportunity for us, the pioneers, to play a crucial role in defining it. The determination of Pi's value is not the responsibility of a central authority such as CT, the government, or the exchange. Instead, it will emerge from a decentralized consensus within the community, which collectively owns Pi. This concept is akin to ancient times when the value of shells was not determined by the sellers. Rather, the value was derived from the collective agreement of the village that utilized them as currency. I hope this elaboration clarifies the distinction between value and price, enabling a deeper understanding of the foundational principles that drive our mission with Pi Network. Pi represents a groundbreaking innovation—a revolution that is poised for long-term economic development on a global scale, rather than perpetuating cycles of plunder and exploitation. By harnessing the power of blockchain technology, Pi empowers ordinary individuals, which creates an inherent conflict of interest with the U.S. government in the short term. Should the U.S. government endorse the Pi Network, it raises questions about the viability of U.S. treasuries and who would ultimately purchase them. Consequently, the government may prioritize support for stablecoins backed by the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasury securities, as this can help alleviate the U.S. government's issues with limited demand. However, I previously mentioned the potential for Pi to emerge as an algorithmic stablecoin. At that time, the Genius Bill had not yet been enacted. If the Pi Network gains acceptance from the U.S. government, its growth could become rapid and expansive, leading to widespread adoption in other nations. This path would position Pi as a legitimate currency in nearly every country, contingent upon certain conditions. For instance, if the price of Pi in the exchange market can align with the GCV, this could be achieved through a buyback mechanism involving 10 million pioneers. Such a scenario would indicate that Pi differs significantly from past algorithmic stablecoin failures, presenting a compelling case for the U.S. government to view Pi as a low-risk asset. However, it presents a significant challenge to be collectively reached by pioneers, and there are other conditions that we cannot achieve in a short time. While it might appear that Pi Network conflicts with the U.S. dollar or stablecoins in the short term, it has the potential to address the broader issue of overprinting currency, which has plagued the U.S. and many other nations. This would benefit international trade by alleviating concerns about currency appreciation or depreciation in international transactions. The global economy indeed requires a super sovereign currency—one that ensures stability for future generations and fosters lasting peace and prosperity. To comprehend Pi as a currency, it is crucial to recognize that we must cultivate long-term value by generating GCV data. In the short term, our focus needs to be on establishing a robust exchange market and decentralized applications (DApps) to drive mass adoption. If this is understood, there should be no need to feel discouraged by the current low price of Pi. The true value of Pi as a currency derives not from the exchange market, trading platforms, or governmental endorsement, but rather from our community's collective efforts and engagement. You might wonder how a government could adopt Pi, given that it does not take the form of a stablecoin. I would counter with the example of Bitcoin, which has thrived even in environments where many countries have imposed bans. Currently, Pi is transitioning from its traditional commodity status to being recognized as a currency, meaning governmental awareness of Pi Network is still in development. As such, existing regulations generally pertain to older forms of cryptocurrency rather than our innovative approach. Our branding as a digital currency, rather than a cryptocurrency, is intentional. Dr. Nicolas has expressed concerns that many aspects of conventional cryptocurrencies pose challenges to government frameworks and public trust, often leading to economic harm rather than benefit. Our commitment to Know Your Customer (KYC) and Know Your Business (KYB) protocols distinguishes us by mitigating money laundering risks and protecting Pi holders from speculative practices. Many businesses face bankruptcy or closure because consumers lack the disposable income to engage in spending. Imagine how Pi could enable those businesses to survive and thrive—people could utilize Pi to make purchases and easily convert it into fiat currency to sustain operations, thereby preserving many jobs. The function in our wallet that allows users to "buy" Pi is not merely a feature; it represents a vision for the future where conversion to fiat currency can happen immediately, without dependency on third-party exchanges. Moving forward, we can establish a fixed rate (the GCV) for conversions. Once larger institutions and prominent companies recognize the low-risk profile of joining Pi Network due to its GCV stability, we can expect a considerable influx of participants seeking to gain a competitive advantage. You may ask how companies would finance the purchase of Pi at GCV rates. This is an insightful question. My perspective is that the demand for Pi’s stable value will inherently incentivize investments. Much like why individuals purchase stablecoins for their convenience in facilitating cross-border transactions, Pi will appeal to consumers and businesses alike, particularly because we are leveraging Web 3.0 blockchain technology, AI-driven platforms, and a rich ecosystem of decentralized applications (DApps). We are cultivating a loyal customer base that recognizes the value of this innovation. We understand that high-net-worth individuals seek safe investment opportunities. While U.S. treasury bonds currently represent a secure asset class, they are not without risk. Therefore, if Pi Network can maintain a limited supply coupled with blockchain technology and a consistent GCV, it is plausible that affluent investors would allocate a portion of their capital to acquire Pi. This would lead to fiat inflows whenever there is increased demand for Pi, establishing an equilibrium between Pi and fiat currencies. This interplay is why I believe DApps are critically significant. We need broader usage of Pi in real-world applications. I hope my analysis has helped clarify why the price of Pi should not overly concern us. Buying Pi to hold onto it allows pioneers to accumulate more, while building merchant confidence is essential to kickstart the ecosystem. Merchants will be motivated to see Pi’s price appreciation since this removes the risks for DApps and service providers who depend on exchange market prices. A rise in demand for Pi will subsequently reduce its supply, which is beneficial for price increases. I look forward to discussing Pi GCV army management in another session. Thank you for your time. Let’s continue striving for greatness together. Doris Yin 🪷🪷🪷 Founder, Global GCV Movement Disclaimer: This speech is intended solely for educational purposes within the GCV community. The views and content shared here represent my personal perspective and are part of the GCV movement, but do not reflect the official position of the Pi Core Team (PCT). Pi Network represents a new revolution, meaning there is no existing example for us to follow and no guiding manual. As Dr. Fan mentioned, we cannot predict what will happen around the next corner. Therefore, we must practice and forge our own path. As more people traverse this journey, the road will become clearer.

Doris Yin 东方紫莲🪷

17,742 просмотров • 1 год назад