Video wird geladen...

Video konnte nicht geladen werden

Zur Startseite

➡️ Quantitative Finance from Scratch, part 47: What does a market maker actually do? A market maker is a trading firm that always provides two prices for a stock: the ask (higher, what you pay when you buy) and the bid (lower, what you get when you sell). When...

10,200 Aufrufe • vor 9 Stunden •via TikTok

0 Kommentare

Keine Kommentare verfügbar

Kommentare vom Original-Post werden hier angezeigt

Ähnliche Videos

➡️ Quantitative Finance from Scratch, part 35: how market makers make money. The first source is the spread. Like an exchange booth, a market maker buys a little below the fair price at the bid and sells a little above it at the ask, so every trade earns half the gap whatever the stock does next. After selling a call, it buys delta shares, so small moves no longer matter. The second source comes from the other Greeks: theta is the income, because the call it owes loses value every day, and gamma is the cost, because after every big move it must buy shares high and sell them low to keep the hedge. If the stock moves exactly as much as the implied volatility in the price, income and cost cancel. If it stays calmer, the market maker earns, and if it moves more, it loses. Vega is the risk to this income, because a jump in implied volatility makes the call it owes more expensive. If a customer sells it the call instead, everything flips. The code (marketmaker.py, 16 lines) sells our call from part 33 at the ask (fair $10.45, ask $10.55, bid $10.35) and hedges it every day on 2,000 simulated years with an implied volatility of 20 %. With a real volatility of 16 % it earns $1.59 per call on average and every path ends in profit; at 20 % it earns $0.10, about the spread; at 24 % it loses $1.41 and only 0.3 % of paths end in profit. Honest notes: a simplified model with one option, daily hedging, Black Scholes prices, constant volatility, no trading costs, no dividends and no other customers. Real market makers manage many options at once and also face fees, inventory limits and jumps. #quantfinance #options #marketmaking #greeks #finance

QuantFinanceToGo

93,300 Aufrufe • vor 13 Tagen

➡️ Quantitative Finance from Scratch, part 45: Statistical Arbitrage. The arbitrage from the last part was a profit without any risk. Statistical arbitrage is the practical version: many small bets that can each lose, but win on average. One of the best known and simplest forms is pairs trading: two stocks in the same business that move together. The gap between them, the spread = P_A − β · P_B (P_A price of stock A, P_B price of stock B, β the hedge ratio), keeps coming back to its average. That is the edge: the trade treats this return almost like a law, so the further the spread moves away, the more it should come back, and that way back is the profit. The rule: z = (spread − average) / standard deviation. When z reaches +2 or −2, you sell the expensive stock, buy the cheap one, and close both when the gap is back at its average. Because one stock is long and the other short, a move of the whole market mostly cancels out. News about one company can still hit a single pair, so funds make many such trades at once, and the surprises average out. The big risks: the link between two stocks can break for good, for example after a merger, and when many funds hold the same trades, they can all lose at once. The code (statarb_reel.py, 16 lines of plain Python without packages) is general on purpose: the spread from two prices and the hedge ratio, the z score, and the signal that sells the expensive stock and buys the cheap one at two standard deviations and closes at the average. If you want to go deeper, the link to my website is in my bio. #quantfinance #statisticalarbitrage #pairstrading #meanreversion #python Education only, not financial advice.

QuantFinanceToGo

37,000 Aufrufe • vor 2 Tagen

Don’t get fooled by that big number on your chart, it’s not the price just waiting for you. I want to be clear about that up front. That bold price you see is just where two traders shook hands on a deal. That’s history. Honestly, I used to look at it like it was some live pulse on the market. I’d plan my whole trade around it, hoping to get filled close to that number. More than once, I watched my fill slip further away, and yeah, I used to blame the exchange before I admitted I just misunderstood the book. So let’s get real about what’s actually moving. A buyer can say this is the highest price I'm willing to pay( $100 that's the bid) Right now, the top bid might be $100, while the the seller can say best offer sits at $101. That $1 gap? That’s your spread. The bid and ask is the conversation still happening right in front of you. When you fire off a market order, it doesn’t chase down that last print. It grabs the best available price, and if there’s not enough there, it keeps reaching for the next one in line. The number flashing on your screen and the price you actually get can end up pretty far apart. I used to think that meant something was wrong with my broker, but it’s almost always the market talking. Thin order books, volatile moments, or simply dropping an order bigger than what’s sitting there, any of those will throw your fill off the mark. Usually, a tight spread means buyers and sellers are pushing hard against each other. If the spread’s wide, it’s just more expensive to jump in or out. But here’s something that took me a while to learn. A close bid and ask doesn’t mean there’s real weight behind those numbers. Sometimes, there’s just a tiny sliver of size sitting there, and it can disappear in a blink, leaving you chasing worse prices. The spread doesn’t judge your asset or hand out prizes. It’s just a snapshot of what’s happening right now. Every time I size up for a trade, I check four things: Where’s the best bid? Where’s the best ask? How wide is the spread? And how much size is actually parked at those prices? That’s the difference between being a spectator and actually reading the market. That’s what Opportunity Compass was all about. The gold, stocks, Blbitcoin, doesn’t matter. It’s all just auctions in action. But the feel changes with every market because rules, hours, and liquidity change the look of the book. MEXC rolled out Opportunity Compass to help people read those conditions, not just add another trading pair to their list. Anyone can pull up an order book. Understanding what it’s telling you is how you hear the market speak before your trade becomes the next deal. Last price is just your receipt. Bid and ask is the live discussion. The spread tells you how far apart buyers and sellers really are. Depth shows you how much weight a price can hold before it budges. So tell me, when you hover over that buy button, what grabs your eye first? The last price? The spread? Or the stack behind those numbers? Check Out Full Opportunity Compass path: Not financial advice. DYOR. #MEXC

Andy Lui

22,294 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Marc Andreessen on the 3 things he looks for when investing in a startup The first thing Marc Andreesen looks for is a big market: “Is there a big existing market that you think you can go after and displace incumbents? Or do you believe there will be a new market that will be big?” The second thing he looks for is a 10x better product: “Is there a fundamental technology or economic change that justifies a new company? And the way I always think about that is: Is there a 10x change happening in the technology landscape? Is something 10x faster, 10x cheaper, or 10x better? If it’s not 10x, we as both VCs and entrepreneurs have to ask ourselves if it’s really worth doing because it’s really hard to start new companies . . . Existing companies are usually pretty good at what they do. So for a new company to exist, it has to bring a product to market that’s so much better than what exists that it punches through the status quo.” The third is the team: “Is the team outstanding? . . . You want to have a founding team of complementary skillsets. You want to have at least one super strong technologist — quite possibly more than one. Some of the best startups are actually more than one founding technologist. And then it often helps to have someone who is a marketing or salesperson who has a really good understanding of business.” Marc believes that you need all three of these, but if you’re going to compromise on one of those as an investor, it should be the product: “A great market is a lot easier to make up for with iterative product execution. The problem with a poor or small market is that even if you do a good job on the product, there just aren’t that many customers so it’s hard to ever get big and people get demoralized . . . And then we evaluate the team of a startup by its ability to get into a big market with a good product.”

Startup Archive

17,333 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten