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Really beautiful. AD Middle East features the Lukshmi Vilas Palace, an example Indo-Saracenic architecture built in 1890. Indo-Saracenic architecture combined elements of Indian, Islamic, Gothic, and Neo-Classical design. IG admiddleeast

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Ancient ruins of Palmyra, a city called "the Bride of the Desert," rediscovered by Westerners in 17th-18th Centuries. Much like the discovery of King Tut influenced art deco designs, the "Caravan City" of Palmyra in central Syria created a worldwide excitement for classical architecture. Middle East has affected the West throughout history, yesterday and today. Palmyra is the Latin name given by the Romans to the palm tree rich area they annexed onto their Eastern Empire in the first century. Before that, as written in The Holy Bible (2 Chronicles 8:4) and other ancient documents, Tadmor was its name, a desert city built by Solomon (990-931 BC). The oasis began to flourish under the Roman reign of Tiberius, after about 15 AD, until roughly 273 AD. The ruins in Palmyra are from this Roman period—before the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, early Christian architecture, and Byzantine engineering. This is a time when Western civilization was influenced by Eastern traditions and methods—the introduction of al jabr (algebra) and, in architecture, the pointed arch, well-known as a feature in Western Gothic architecture but said to have originated in Syria. The architecture of Palmyra exemplified the "Eastern" influence on "Western" art and architecture. Like citadel atop a hill in Aleppo, Palmyra's reconstructed citadel—Qala'at ibn Maan—stood watch over the grand crossroads below. At least it did before the 2011 Syrian civil war began. Once a tourist destination, Palmyra is still an area of fascination and horror. When the Islamic State (ISIS or ISIL) overtook the Syrian soldiers in 2015, the militant rebels chose the highest spot, Qala'at ibn Maan, to raise their victory flag of victory. Subsequently, the terrorists have systematically destroyed the iconic architecture considered blasphemous. Again, the landscape has changed. Palmyra continues to be a story of East meets West. What has been lost? Palmyra a UNESCO World Heritage Site in part for being influential in Neoclassical designs, including classical revival house styles, found in Europe and America in 18th and 19th Century. "Discovery of the ruined city by travellers in 17th-18th Centuries resulted in its subsequent influence on architectural styles," writes the World Heritage Centre. What did these modern explorers come across? "A grand, colonnaded street of 1100 metres' length forms the monumental axis of the city, which together with secondary colonnaded cross streets links the major public monuments" are the ruins that Western explorers may have seen. "The grand colonnade constitutes a characteristic example of a type of structure which represents a major artistic development." The Cardo Maximus is the name given to the grand boulevards that run north and south in ancient Roman cities. The Monumental Arch would lead the caravan travelers and traders into the city of Palmyra. The ruins of this Syrian city give today's architects and city planners a good idea of past designs. The grand monumental colonnaded street, open in the centre with covered side passages, and subsidiary cross streets of similar design together with the major public buildings, form an outstanding illustration of architecture and urban layout at the peak of Rome's expansion in and engagement with the East. In the fall of 2015 many news organizations reported that militant groups had bombed and destroyed the famous arches of Palmyra. The great Neoclassical triumphal arches we see today, like the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, can be traced back to a structure typically found at the crossroads of ancient Roman streets. The tetrapylon or quadrifron—tetra- and quad- mean "four" in Greek and Latin—had four pylons or faces within the four corners of the intersection. Symmetry and proportion are Classical design features that we continue to bring to our homes. 🎥© lostcivilizations #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

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Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam - Afghanistan : At 1900m above sea level and far from any town, the Minaret of Jam rises within a rugged valley along the Hari-rud River at its junction with the river Jam around 215km east of Herat. Rising to 65m from a 9m diameter octagonal base, its four superimposed, tapering cylindrical shafts are constructed from fired bricks. The Minaret is completely covered with geometric decoration in relief enhanced with a Kufic inscription in turquoise tiles. Built in 1194 AD, by the great Ghurid Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din (1153-1203), its emplacement probably marks the site of the ancient city of Firuzkuh, believed to have been the summer capital of the Ghurid dynasty. Surrounding remains include a group of stones with Hebrew inscriptions from the 11th to 12th centuries on the Kushkak hill, and vestiges of castles and towers of the Ghurid settlements on the banks of the Hari River as well as to the east of the Minaret. The Minaret of Jam is one of the few well-preserved monuments representing the exceptional artistic creativity and mastery of structural engineering of the time. Its architecture and ornamentation are outstanding from the point of view of art history, fusing together elements from earlier developments in the region in an exceptional way and exerting a strong influence on later architecture in the region. This graceful soaring structure is an outstanding example of the architecture and ornamentation of the Islamic period in Central Asia and played a significant role in their further dissemination as far as India as demonstrated by the Qutb Minar, Delhi, begun in 1202 and completed in the early 14th Century AD. The innovative architecture and decoration of the Minaret of Jam played a significant role in the development of the arts and architecture of the Indian sub-continent and beyond. The Minaret of Jam and its associated archaeological remains constitute exceptional testimony to the power and quality of the Ghurid civilization that dominated the region in 12th-13th Centuries. The Minaret of Jam is an outstanding example of Islamic architecture and ornamentation in the region and played a significant role for further dissemination. Since the building of the Minaret around eight hundred years ago, no reconstruction or extensive restoration work has ever taken place in the area. The archaeological vestiges were surveyed and recorded in 1957 when the remains were first discovered by archaeologists. Subsequent surveys and studies have led only to simple precautionary stabilization measures to base of the Minaret. Thus, attributes that express the Outstanding Universal Value of the site, not least the Minaret itself, other architectural forms and their setting in the landscape, remain intact within the boundaries of the property and beyond. The authenticity of the ensemble of the Minaret of Jam and the vestiges that surround it has never been questioned. The Minaret has always been recognised as a genuine architectural and decorative masterpiece by the experts and an artistic chef-d'oeuvre by the aesthetes. Its monumental Kufic inscriptions testify to the remote and glorious origin of its builders as well as giving evidence to its early dating (1194). No reconstruction or extensive restoration work has ever taken place in the area. 🎥© lovingafghanistan (IG) #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

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