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Remarkably, King Baldwin and Salāh ad-Dīn developed a respectful relationship. When Baldwin was sick, Salāh ad-Dīn sent his personal physician to care for him, at a time when Arab medicine was far more advanced than that of the West. When Baldwin lost his horse in battle, Salāh ad-Dīn sent...

126,310 次观看 • 8 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Ashurbanipal was king of the Neo-Assyrian empire. At the time of his reign (669-631 BC) it was the largest empire in the world, stretching from Cyprus in the west to Iran in the east, and at one point it even included Egypt. Its capital Nineveh (in modern-day Iraq) was the world's largest city. This is at a time when the Greek city-states (like Athens and Sparta) were still in their infancy and Rome was just a small settlement. Ashurbanipal wasn't modest about being the king of the Assyrian empire – he called himself 'king of the world'! Quite a claim, but given the size of the empire, it wasn't far from the truth. Despite being one of Assyria's greatest kings, Ashurbanipal wasn't destined for the throne, as he was a younger son of the king. When his eldest brother and the heir to the throne died, his father Esarhaddon passed over the next eldest son Shamash-shum-ukin, and made Ashurbanipal crown prince instead. This was a bold (and perhaps a slightly foolish) move. Esarhaddon's own father had been brutally murdered by his sons after he put their younger sibling (i.e. Esarhaddon) on the throne! Shamash-shum-ukin, would have been pretty annoyed about the decision to bypass him. As a consolation, Esarhaddon made Shamash-shum-ukin king of Babylon. That doesn't sound so bad, right? Well, not quite. At this time, Babylon was part of the Assyrian empire so he would essentially have to answer to his younger brother! Tensions would later explode into all-out war. When Ashurbanipal was appointed crown prince, he started his training to be king. He learnt royal etiquette, important military skills and was instructed in scholarship. He shadowed his father in court where he could learn the way of Assyrian kingship. He also worked as a spymaster for his father, gathering information from agents across the empire and compiling intelligence reports. This helped to develop Ashurbanipal's knowledge of the empire – and learn who his potential enemies were. As part of his military training, the young crown prince was taught to drive chariots, ride cavalry horses, and develop skills such as archery. He also learnt how to hunt lions. In Assyria lion hunting was a royal 'sport'. Although this perhaps seems cruel to modern eyes, killing lions represented the king's ability to protect his nation against all that was wild and dangerous in the world. Ashurbanipal commissioned a series of reliefs(Opens in new window) – a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material – to cover the walls of his palace which showed him hunting, and even strangling lions with his bare hands. These works are some of the most famous examples of Assyrian art. Ashurbanipal was popular among his subjects but ruthless in dealing with enemies. He was said to have put a dog chain through the jaw of a defeated king and made him live in a dog kennel. That's pretty brutal, even by the standards of the ancient world. Ashurbanipal inherited a war with Egypt (and other neighbouring regions), which he went to work dealing with, destroying his enemies and growing the empire even further. When the state of Elam tried to rise up against Assyria, Ashurbanipal crushed them. He claimed to have killed the Elamite king and his son with his own sword (in reality, he was not at the battle, but at home in the safety of his palace). The Elamite king's head was brought back to the palace in Nineveh where it was hung from a tree in the garden as a decoration. Most people would see this as a very clear warning – don't mess with Ashurbanipal. 🎥© craftestan (YT) © British Museum #archaeohistories

Archaeo - Histories

14,054 次观看 • 10 个月前