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🚨 SCIENTISTS JUST DEVELOPED A SOLAR DESALINATION SYSTEM THAT PRODUCES FRESH WATER WITHOUT CHEMICALS OR BRINE WASTE. Researchers at the University of Rochester have created laser-etched solar panels that turn seawater into drinking water using only sunlight with no chemical additives and no toxic brine discharge. The panels are... treated with femtosecond lasers to become super light-absorbing and superwicking. Seawater spreads into an ultra-thin layer, evaporates rapidly under sunlight, and the leftover salts are pushed to passive regions via the “coffee ring effect,” keeping the active area clean and functional. Why this matters: • Conventional desalination produces massive amounts of harmful brine and requires heavy chemical treatment • This new approach leaves behind solid salt instead of liquid waste • It was successfully tested on real seawater from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans • The same system can potentially extract valuable minerals like lithium from the collected salts The deeper implication: Desalination has always faced a brutal trade-off: clean water at the cost of environmental damage and high energy use. This research points toward a future where solar-powered systems could produce fresh water while actually recovering critical resources instead of creating pollution. It’s still early-stage, but the combination of low energy use, no brine, and mineral recovery makes this one of the more promising sustainable desalination concepts in development. Would you rather see massive traditional desalination plants… or distributed solar systems that turn seawater into both water and critical minerals? Follow for more frontier clean tech and materials science that could reshape how we solve resource challenges.show more

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When Politics Denies Water: How the PTI-Initiated Chapri (Mianwali) Dam Water Supply Project Remains Stalled While 143,000 People Continue to Suffer: For generations, the people of the Khattak Belt in Tehsil Isa Khel, District Mianwali, have lived under the shadow of a severe and persistent drinking water crisis. The core Khattak Belt comprises the Union Councils of Tabi Sar, Tola Bangi Khel, Chapri, Kot Chandana, Sultan Khel and Wanjari. However, the wider area affected by this crisis and intended to benefit from Chapri Dam Water Supply Project extends across 87 villages&8 Union Councils, encompassing a population of approximately 143,752 people. Despite decades of promises, surveys, announcements&official acknowledgements of the problem, thousands of families continue to be deprived of reliable access to clean and safe drinking water. In many villages, residents remain dependent upon stagnant rainwater ponds& natural depressions, often shared by both humans&livestock. Women, children&elderly citizens are frequently forced to travel long distances under harsh weather conditions simply to collect water for their households. The same contaminated ponds serve as the only source of water for both people and animals. Situation is further aggravated by fact that groundwater lies at a depth of 800 feet and is often contaminated by harmful mineral deposits, rendering it unsuitable for human consumption. For countless families, access to safe drinking water remains a daily struggle rather than a basic right. What should be readily available in any modern society has become a constant source of hardship, anxiety and suffering. The consequences of this deprivation extend far beyond inconvenience. Unsafe water sources expose entire communities to waterborne diseases and serious health complications, undermine human dignity and place an enormous burden on already vulnerable households. Children grow up in conditions where access to clean water cannot be taken for granted, while women bear the disproportionate burden of securing water for their families. In a country where access to safe drinking water should be guaranteed, thousands of citizens continue to live in circumstances that no community should be forced to endure. Recognizing the gravity of this longstanding humanitarian crisis, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) government led by former Prime Minister Imran Khan launched the Chapri Dam Water Supply Project in 2020 as a comprehensive and permanent solution to the chronic water shortage affecting the Khattak Belt and adjoining areas. The project was designed to deliver clean and safe drinking water to more than 143,000 residents through the construction of reservoirs, filtration facilities, transmission lines and an extensive distribution network supported by gravity-fed systems and solar-powered pumping stations. For the people of Isa Khel, this was far more than a development project. It represented hope, dignity and the prospect of finally ending a crisis that had persisted for generations. It was the first serious large-scale governmental initiative aimed at permanently resolving one of the most pressing humanitarian challenges facing the region. Following its launch, substantial progress was achieved and approximately Rs. 3.5 billion of public funds were invested in the project's execution. Significant portions of the infrastructure were completed, bringing the project within reach of transforming the lives of tens of thousands of residents. However, following the change in government, progress slowed dramatically and the project remains incomplete due to the non-release of the remaining funds required for its completion. Current PMLN Government in Punjab led by Maryam Nawaz wants to maintain status quo, they feel the project was introduced by Imran Khan and its completion will help PTI. Without realizing its 143,000 people suffering from non-availability of drinking water. This is pure political victimization.

When Politics Denies Water: How the PTI-Initiated Chapri (Mianwali) Dam Water Supply Project Remains Stalled While 143,000 People Continue to Suffer: For generations, the people of the Khattak Belt in Tehsil Isa Khel, District Mianwali, have lived under the shadow of a severe and persistent drinking water crisis. The core Khattak Belt comprises the Union Councils of Tabi Sar, Tola Bangi Khel, Chapri, Kot Chandana, Sultan Khel and Wanjari. However, the wider area affected by this crisis and intended to benefit from Chapri Dam Water Supply Project extends across 87 villages&8 Union Councils, encompassing a population of approximately 143,752 people. Despite decades of promises, surveys, announcements&official acknowledgements of the problem, thousands of families continue to be deprived of reliable access to clean and safe drinking water. In many villages, residents remain dependent upon stagnant rainwater ponds& natural depressions, often shared by both humans&livestock. Women, children&elderly citizens are frequently forced to travel long distances under harsh weather conditions simply to collect water for their households. The same contaminated ponds serve as the only source of water for both people and animals. Situation is further aggravated by fact that groundwater lies at a depth of 800 feet and is often contaminated by harmful mineral deposits, rendering it unsuitable for human consumption. For countless families, access to safe drinking water remains a daily struggle rather than a basic right. What should be readily available in any modern society has become a constant source of hardship, anxiety and suffering. The consequences of this deprivation extend far beyond inconvenience. Unsafe water sources expose entire communities to waterborne diseases and serious health complications, undermine human dignity and place an enormous burden on already vulnerable households. Children grow up in conditions where access to clean water cannot be taken for granted, while women bear the disproportionate burden of securing water for their families. In a country where access to safe drinking water should be guaranteed, thousands of citizens continue to live in circumstances that no community should be forced to endure. Recognizing the gravity of this longstanding humanitarian crisis, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) government led by former Prime Minister Imran Khan launched the Chapri Dam Water Supply Project in 2020 as a comprehensive and permanent solution to the chronic water shortage affecting the Khattak Belt and adjoining areas. The project was designed to deliver clean and safe drinking water to more than 143,000 residents through the construction of reservoirs, filtration facilities, transmission lines and an extensive distribution network supported by gravity-fed systems and solar-powered pumping stations. For the people of Isa Khel, this was far more than a development project. It represented hope, dignity and the prospect of finally ending a crisis that had persisted for generations. It was the first serious large-scale governmental initiative aimed at permanently resolving one of the most pressing humanitarian challenges facing the region. Following its launch, substantial progress was achieved and approximately Rs. 3.5 billion of public funds were invested in the project's execution. Significant portions of the infrastructure were completed, bringing the project within reach of transforming the lives of tens of thousands of residents. However, following the change in government, progress slowed dramatically and the project remains incomplete due to the non-release of the remaining funds required for its completion. Current PMLN Government in Punjab led by Maryam Nawaz wants to maintain status quo, they feel the project was introduced by Imran Khan and its completion will help PTI. Without realizing its 143,000 people suffering from non-availability of drinking water. This is pure political victimization.

Barrister Abuzar Salman Niazi

23,196 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

In the first video, people in Donetsk are seen greeting a water tanker. In the second video, during the rain, people try to collect at least a drop of water because the water pipeline from the Siverskyi Donets was destroyed by the Russians. When Donetsk was not occupied by Russia, the city hosted the European Football Championship, as well as concerts by Rihanna and Beyoncé. Now, there is no more running water in the city. According to the schedule, water only appears in taps once every three days, and even then it doesn’t reach every household, so water has to be delivered by tankers, with long queues forming for it. People use plastic bags as toilets, and this filth spreads everywhere. This is happening not only in Donetsk - water is supplied once every two days in a number of other cities, including Mariupol. This is how Russia 'liberated' Donbas. Why is this happening? In the past three and a half years - since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 - reservoirs in Donetsk Oblast have significantly dried up. The water supply system from the Siverskyi Donets River was destroyed. The region’s reservoirs and underground water sources are not enough to meet the needs of the population, in part due to the extensive network of coal mines. When the self-proclaimed “DPR” and “LPR” were created in 2014, Ukraine did not cut off this water channel, as it was still supplying water to Mariupol, which remained under Ukrainian control. But at the start of the Russian invasion in February 2022, the situation changed: the Russian army, during its offensive, destroyed a unique hydraulic structure that had supplied the region’s largest cities with water. The Russian authorities decided to build a new canal - the Don–Donbas canal - which was supposed to begin in the Rostov-on-Don area. It soon became clear that the new water pipeline, first of all, could not provide the region with the necessary amount of water, and second, it was built with numerous violations, with a large portion of the budget embezzled during construction. Crimea is also suffering from a water shortage, and the situation is worsening. One of the reasons why Russia is striving to seize southern Ukraine is that it sees this as a way to "solve the water issue" for the occupied territories.

In the first video, people in Donetsk are seen greeting a water tanker. In the second video, during the rain, people try to collect at least a drop of water because the water pipeline from the Siverskyi Donets was destroyed by the Russians. When Donetsk was not occupied by Russia, the city hosted the European Football Championship, as well as concerts by Rihanna and Beyoncé. Now, there is no more running water in the city. According to the schedule, water only appears in taps once every three days, and even then it doesn’t reach every household, so water has to be delivered by tankers, with long queues forming for it. People use plastic bags as toilets, and this filth spreads everywhere. This is happening not only in Donetsk - water is supplied once every two days in a number of other cities, including Mariupol. This is how Russia 'liberated' Donbas. Why is this happening? In the past three and a half years - since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 - reservoirs in Donetsk Oblast have significantly dried up. The water supply system from the Siverskyi Donets River was destroyed. The region’s reservoirs and underground water sources are not enough to meet the needs of the population, in part due to the extensive network of coal mines. When the self-proclaimed “DPR” and “LPR” were created in 2014, Ukraine did not cut off this water channel, as it was still supplying water to Mariupol, which remained under Ukrainian control. But at the start of the Russian invasion in February 2022, the situation changed: the Russian army, during its offensive, destroyed a unique hydraulic structure that had supplied the region’s largest cities with water. The Russian authorities decided to build a new canal - the Don–Donbas canal - which was supposed to begin in the Rostov-on-Don area. It soon became clear that the new water pipeline, first of all, could not provide the region with the necessary amount of water, and second, it was built with numerous violations, with a large portion of the budget embezzled during construction. Crimea is also suffering from a water shortage, and the situation is worsening. One of the reasons why Russia is striving to seize southern Ukraine is that it sees this as a way to "solve the water issue" for the occupied territories.

Anton Gerashchenko

476,786 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

Big dawg El Niño coming this summer and fall! This is a bit science-y… but easy I promise. So follow along. You are looking at a vertical cross section of the tropical Pacific Ocean at the Equator with depth downward deep into the ocean. Left side is west near Asia. Right side is east near South America. It’s where we measure El Niño, the king control knob of the climate. One main way we know it’s coming is “subsurface heat”. See the dark red shades moving east under the surface and rising upward? That’s the El Niño developing! El Niño is a build up of hotter than normal water on the surface Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. What’s cool (or hot) is that the water comes from the West Tropical Pacific. During cool La Niña years it’s like a piggy bank. The West Pacific hoards and stores the heat near Asia. Then every couple-few years that warm water sloshes back East. It first appears under the surface where we measure it. It surfaces in late spring and El Niño grows in Summer to fall. You can tell by the magnitude of warm subsurface water that this looks like a biggie! So how will it impact us? For one, it typically subdues Atlantic hurricane season. That doesn’t mean no storms - just less active than it would have otherwise been. Also it releases lots of Heat… so it super charges heat waves around the planet and floods too - it all tends to be more immense and intense. And you can bet Earth will experience its hottest days on record coming later 2026 into 2027. El Niño is one of the biggest climate forces on Earth and it has a profound impact on world-wide weather because of all the heat released into the atmosphere from the ocean.

Big dawg El Niño coming this summer and fall! This is a bit science-y… but easy I promise. So follow along. You are looking at a vertical cross section of the tropical Pacific Ocean at the Equator with depth downward deep into the ocean. Left side is west near Asia. Right side is east near South America. It’s where we measure El Niño, the king control knob of the climate. One main way we know it’s coming is “subsurface heat”. See the dark red shades moving east under the surface and rising upward? That’s the El Niño developing! El Niño is a build up of hotter than normal water on the surface Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. What’s cool (or hot) is that the water comes from the West Tropical Pacific. During cool La Niña years it’s like a piggy bank. The West Pacific hoards and stores the heat near Asia. Then every couple-few years that warm water sloshes back East. It first appears under the surface where we measure it. It surfaces in late spring and El Niño grows in Summer to fall. You can tell by the magnitude of warm subsurface water that this looks like a biggie! So how will it impact us? For one, it typically subdues Atlantic hurricane season. That doesn’t mean no storms - just less active than it would have otherwise been. Also it releases lots of Heat… so it super charges heat waves around the planet and floods too - it all tends to be more immense and intense. And you can bet Earth will experience its hottest days on record coming later 2026 into 2027. El Niño is one of the biggest climate forces on Earth and it has a profound impact on world-wide weather because of all the heat released into the atmosphere from the ocean.

Jeff Berardelli

11,849 Aufrufe • vor 5 Monaten

India is dying of thirst, but who cares? He only cares about PM Cares. Let him not care; we will care. We will care for those who have to walk miles just to get a bucket full of water. We will care for the children who, instead of going to school, spend their days fetching water. We will care for every single citizen for whom water becomes the most precious commodity during the summer. We will care for our future generations. The little we can do is: 1) Stop wasting water in our daily routines. 2) Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth or shaving. 3) Use a bucket for bathing instead of running the shower. 4) Recycle the wastewater from your RO systems and AC units for cleaning or watering plants. 5) Reuse water from washing food (like vegetables, rice, or lentils) to water the plants at home or in your locality. 6) Carry a refillable bottle instead of buying single-use plastic mineral water bottles every time. 7) Finish the last drop if you do use a plastic water bottle, rather than taking one sip and throwing the rest away. 8) Adopt rainwater harvesting in your home or building as much as possible. 9) Take a pledge not to pollute water bodies, as millions of people depend on that water directly. 10) Start planting more trees to help restore groundwater levels. 11) Repost and share this with others and be part of the change.

India is dying of thirst, but who cares? He only cares about PM Cares. Let him not care; we will care. We will care for those who have to walk miles just to get a bucket full of water. We will care for the children who, instead of going to school, spend their days fetching water. We will care for every single citizen for whom water becomes the most precious commodity during the summer. We will care for our future generations. The little we can do is: 1) Stop wasting water in our daily routines. 2) Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth or shaving. 3) Use a bucket for bathing instead of running the shower. 4) Recycle the wastewater from your RO systems and AC units for cleaning or watering plants. 5) Reuse water from washing food (like vegetables, rice, or lentils) to water the plants at home or in your locality. 6) Carry a refillable bottle instead of buying single-use plastic mineral water bottles every time. 7) Finish the last drop if you do use a plastic water bottle, rather than taking one sip and throwing the rest away. 8) Adopt rainwater harvesting in your home or building as much as possible. 9) Take a pledge not to pollute water bodies, as millions of people depend on that water directly. 10) Start planting more trees to help restore groundwater levels. 11) Repost and share this with others and be part of the change.

ज़िद्दी नागरिक

15,000 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Satya Nadella: Microsoft’s latest Wisconsin AI data center keeps yearly water consumption no higher than that of 1 local restaurant. "The cooling loop is filled once and the data centre can operate effectively with zero water consumption. Daily water usage across a year is roughly equivalent to what a single restaurant would use" The mechanism is mainly about replacing evaporative cooling with closed-loop direct-to-chip liquid cooling, so water moves like coolant inside a sealed machine rather than being boiled off into the air. Hot GB200-class AI racks produce too much heat for normal air cooling, so cold liquid is pushed through pipes into the servers and across metal cold plates touching the hottest chips. The liquid enters the rack cool, absorbs heat from the chips through cold plates, then exits the rack at a higher temperature and carries that heat through pipes to a huge cooling system outside the compute floor. Microsoft says Fairwater sends that hot water to cooling “fins” beside the datacenter, where 172 20-foot fans blow air across the fins and dump the heat into the outside air. The important detail is that the air cools the water through metal surfaces, so the water does not need to evaporate the way many older datacenters use cooling towers. The cooled liquid then returns to the servers, repeats the loop, and keeps absorbing heat from the chips. In older data centers, heat is often removed partly through cooling towers. Hot water meets moving air, some water evaporates, and that phase change carries heat away. Effective, but it consumes fresh water continuously. But Firwater is a closed loop because the same coolant keeps circulating through sealed pipes: it absorbs heat from the chips, releases that heat through radiator-like fins, then flows back to the chips again. For Wisconsin Fairwater, Microsoft says more than 90% of the facility uses closed-loop liquid cooling, while the remaining portion uses outside air and switches to water only on the hottest days. ---- From "Microsoft" YouTube channel, (link in comment)

Satya Nadella: Microsoft’s latest Wisconsin AI data center keeps yearly water consumption no higher than that of 1 local restaurant. "The cooling loop is filled once and the data centre can operate effectively with zero water consumption. Daily water usage across a year is roughly equivalent to what a single restaurant would use" The mechanism is mainly about replacing evaporative cooling with closed-loop direct-to-chip liquid cooling, so water moves like coolant inside a sealed machine rather than being boiled off into the air. Hot GB200-class AI racks produce too much heat for normal air cooling, so cold liquid is pushed through pipes into the servers and across metal cold plates touching the hottest chips. The liquid enters the rack cool, absorbs heat from the chips through cold plates, then exits the rack at a higher temperature and carries that heat through pipes to a huge cooling system outside the compute floor. Microsoft says Fairwater sends that hot water to cooling “fins” beside the datacenter, where 172 20-foot fans blow air across the fins and dump the heat into the outside air. The important detail is that the air cools the water through metal surfaces, so the water does not need to evaporate the way many older datacenters use cooling towers. The cooled liquid then returns to the servers, repeats the loop, and keeps absorbing heat from the chips. In older data centers, heat is often removed partly through cooling towers. Hot water meets moving air, some water evaporates, and that phase change carries heat away. Effective, but it consumes fresh water continuously. But Firwater is a closed loop because the same coolant keeps circulating through sealed pipes: it absorbs heat from the chips, releases that heat through radiator-like fins, then flows back to the chips again. For Wisconsin Fairwater, Microsoft says more than 90% of the facility uses closed-loop liquid cooling, while the remaining portion uses outside air and switches to water only on the hottest days. ---- From "Microsoft" YouTube channel, (link in comment)

Rohan Paul

28,510 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Apparently, I saw this video online and I decided to share. What this worker is applying is called bitumen, or what many of us know as bituminous coating. Most people think a wall is a solid, impenetrable block, but in reality, it is more like a sponge. Concrete and blocks have microscopic pores that pull water from the earth through a process we call capillary action. This thick black substance is the shield that stops that water from climbing up into the house. It is not about making the wall look good because this part will be buried under the dirt forever. It is about creating a skin that water cannot breathe through. When do you need to do this? The need for this arises because the soil is a very aggressive environment. Water is not your only enemy.. The ground also contains salts and sulfates that want to eat away at the cement. If this moisture finds its way to the steel bars inside the columns, those bars will start to rust. And when steel rusts, it expands, and that expansion is what cracks the concrete from the inside out. This coating is the only thing standing between your foundation and that kind of slow destruction. Thats is why if you see wet patches at the bottom of your walls inside your house, it usually means someone skipped this step or did it poorly during construction. You can apply this anytime you are building parts of a structure that will stay in contact with the ground. It is common in areas where the water table is high or where the soil stays damp for most of the year. This is a one-shot opportunity. Once you backfill the soil, you can never go back to fix it without a lot of expense and a lot of digging. It is about having the foresight to protect the heart of the building while it is still exposed. Please don’t ignore this if you need to. If you ignore it now to save a bit of money, you will be funding the future decay of your own home. I hope this helps.

Apparently, I saw this video online and I decided to share. What this worker is applying is called bitumen, or what many of us know as bituminous coating. Most people think a wall is a solid, impenetrable block, but in reality, it is more like a sponge. Concrete and blocks have microscopic pores that pull water from the earth through a process we call capillary action. This thick black substance is the shield that stops that water from climbing up into the house. It is not about making the wall look good because this part will be buried under the dirt forever. It is about creating a skin that water cannot breathe through. When do you need to do this? The need for this arises because the soil is a very aggressive environment. Water is not your only enemy.. The ground also contains salts and sulfates that want to eat away at the cement. If this moisture finds its way to the steel bars inside the columns, those bars will start to rust. And when steel rusts, it expands, and that expansion is what cracks the concrete from the inside out. This coating is the only thing standing between your foundation and that kind of slow destruction. Thats is why if you see wet patches at the bottom of your walls inside your house, it usually means someone skipped this step or did it poorly during construction. You can apply this anytime you are building parts of a structure that will stay in contact with the ground. It is common in areas where the water table is high or where the soil stays damp for most of the year. This is a one-shot opportunity. Once you backfill the soil, you can never go back to fix it without a lot of expense and a lot of digging. It is about having the foresight to protect the heart of the building while it is still exposed. Please don’t ignore this if you need to. If you ignore it now to save a bit of money, you will be funding the future decay of your own home. I hope this helps.

A.Y.O

75,399 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

:Scientists Capture the Birth of Water, Atom by AtomFor the first time ever, researchers have directly observed hydrogen and oxygen atoms combining in real time to form tiny nanoscale bubbles of water—essentially witnessing one of chemistry’s most fundamental reactions at the molecular early 2024, a team from Northwestern University unveiled a groundbreaking imaging technique that traps gas molecules inside tiny, honeycomb-shaped nanoreactors sealed by ultra-thin glassy membranes. This innovation allows scientists to observe chemical processes in real time using high-vacuum transmission electron microscopes, something previously impossible for gaseous reactions.The team, led by Professor Vinayak Dravid and including first author Yukun Liu, turned their attention to a century-old puzzle: how palladium—a rare metallic element—acts as a powerful catalyst to rapidly combine hydrogen and oxygen into water As Yukun Liu explained: “It’s a known phenomenon, but it was never fully understood. You really need both direct visualization of the reaction and atomic-level structural analysis to figure out exactly what’s happening.”What they saw was astonishing.Using their nanoreactor platform, the researchers watched hydrogen atoms diffuse into a palladium nanocube, causing its crystal lattice to expand slightly. Then, when oxygen was introduced, the gases reacted at the surface. Suddenly, tiny water bubbles began to nucleate and grow right before their eyes on the palladium surface.“We think it might be the smallest bubble ever formed that has been directly viewed,” said Liu. “It’s not what we were expecting. Luckily, we were recording it—so we could prove to others that we weren’t crazy.” The bubbles were confirmed to be water using electron energy-loss spectroscopy and heating experiments. Remarkably, the reaction occurs efficiently at room temperature, and palladium itself is recyclable—it doesn’t get consumed in the process. The order in which the gases are introduced also plays a key role in the speed of water formation.This direct, atomic-scale observation not only solves a long-standing mystery in catalysis but could also inspire new technologies: from more efficient ways to generate clean water in remote or arid environments to improved hydrogen fuel cells and even systems for producing water in space.What once seemed like “water from thin air” is now literally visible—captured in stunning detail at the nanoscale. This breakthrough highlights how advanced imaging tools are unlocking secrets of matter that have remained hidden for generations.The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) in 2024.

:Scientists Capture the Birth of Water, Atom by AtomFor the first time ever, researchers have directly observed hydrogen and oxygen atoms combining in real time to form tiny nanoscale bubbles of water—essentially witnessing one of chemistry’s most fundamental reactions at the molecular early 2024, a team from Northwestern University unveiled a groundbreaking imaging technique that traps gas molecules inside tiny, honeycomb-shaped nanoreactors sealed by ultra-thin glassy membranes. This innovation allows scientists to observe chemical processes in real time using high-vacuum transmission electron microscopes, something previously impossible for gaseous reactions.The team, led by Professor Vinayak Dravid and including first author Yukun Liu, turned their attention to a century-old puzzle: how palladium—a rare metallic element—acts as a powerful catalyst to rapidly combine hydrogen and oxygen into water As Yukun Liu explained: “It’s a known phenomenon, but it was never fully understood. You really need both direct visualization of the reaction and atomic-level structural analysis to figure out exactly what’s happening.”What they saw was astonishing.Using their nanoreactor platform, the researchers watched hydrogen atoms diffuse into a palladium nanocube, causing its crystal lattice to expand slightly. Then, when oxygen was introduced, the gases reacted at the surface. Suddenly, tiny water bubbles began to nucleate and grow right before their eyes on the palladium surface.“We think it might be the smallest bubble ever formed that has been directly viewed,” said Liu. “It’s not what we were expecting. Luckily, we were recording it—so we could prove to others that we weren’t crazy.” The bubbles were confirmed to be water using electron energy-loss spectroscopy and heating experiments. Remarkably, the reaction occurs efficiently at room temperature, and palladium itself is recyclable—it doesn’t get consumed in the process. The order in which the gases are introduced also plays a key role in the speed of water formation.This direct, atomic-scale observation not only solves a long-standing mystery in catalysis but could also inspire new technologies: from more efficient ways to generate clean water in remote or arid environments to improved hydrogen fuel cells and even systems for producing water in space.What once seemed like “water from thin air” is now literally visible—captured in stunning detail at the nanoscale. This breakthrough highlights how advanced imaging tools are unlocking secrets of matter that have remained hidden for generations.The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) in 2024.

Black Hole

31,895 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

Japan’s leap into the deep blue has birthed a technological titan: the world’s first megawatt-scale underwater turbine designed to anchor within the relentless Kuroshio Current. Unlike solar or wind energy, which are beholden to the whims of the weather, this subaquatic marvel taps into ocean streams that flow with permanent, unshakable consistency. Because water is roughly 800 times denser than air, even a slow-moving current carries a kinetic punch far more powerful than a howling gale, allowing these massive "sea-planes" to generate a steady, "always-on" stream of green electricity that could theoretically power the nation 24/7. The sheer scale of this ambition is staggering, as researchers estimate that the energy pulsing through Japan’s coastal waters could reach a capacity of 205 gigawatts—nearly enough to match the country’s entire current power generation. These turbines operate like inverted satellites, hovering in the water column and using sophisticated sensors to maintain stability against the crushing pressure of the depths. By transforming the silent, eternal movement of the Pacific into a high-tech power plant, Japan isn't just building a gadget; it is effectively turning the ocean into the planet’s largest, most reliable natural battery.

Japan’s leap into the deep blue has birthed a technological titan: the world’s first megawatt-scale underwater turbine designed to anchor within the relentless Kuroshio Current. Unlike solar or wind energy, which are beholden to the whims of the weather, this subaquatic marvel taps into ocean streams that flow with permanent, unshakable consistency. Because water is roughly 800 times denser than air, even a slow-moving current carries a kinetic punch far more powerful than a howling gale, allowing these massive "sea-planes" to generate a steady, "always-on" stream of green electricity that could theoretically power the nation 24/7. The sheer scale of this ambition is staggering, as researchers estimate that the energy pulsing through Japan’s coastal waters could reach a capacity of 205 gigawatts—nearly enough to match the country’s entire current power generation. These turbines operate like inverted satellites, hovering in the water column and using sophisticated sensors to maintain stability against the crushing pressure of the depths. By transforming the silent, eternal movement of the Pacific into a high-tech power plant, Japan isn't just building a gadget; it is effectively turning the ocean into the planet’s largest, most reliable natural battery.

Science Postcard

765,719 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

From Great Wall Gardens Residents Athi River Great Wall Gardens Management Office Great Wall Gardens Cc: Ederman (Developer) Dear Management Team. Subject: Urgent Meeting Request Regarding Water Issues We hope this message finds you well. As residents of Great Wall Gardens, we are writing to request your presence at an urgent meeting scheduled for Saturday, 18th May 2024, starting at 9 AM. Thismeeting will take place outside the management offices. The primary aim of this gathering is to address the numerous and ongoing issues related to our water supply that have significantly impacted our daily lives and well-being. The following critical points need to be discussed:Water Unavailability: Residents have experienced frequent and prolonged periods without water, severely disrupting our daily activities; 1. Low Water Pressure: When water is available, the pressure is often so low that it becomes unusable for household needs. 2. Misleading Information from Management: We have encountered numerous instances of false or misleading information regarding the water supply situation. 3. High Water Bills: Despite the poor service, residents have been receiving exorbitantly high water bills, which are unjustifiable. 4. Dirty Water: The quality of water provided is frequently substandard, with residents reporting dirty and unclean water. 5. Consistent Same Figure Bills: There is an unusual consistency in the billing amounts, raising concerns about their accuracy and fairness. 6. Estimated/Cooked Water Bills: Many residents believe that the bills are not based on actual consumption but are arbitrarily estimated or manipulated. 7. Smelly Water: The water often has an unpleasant odor, making it unfit for use. Faulty Meters: There are widespread issues with faulty meters, leading to false readings that do not match actual household consumption. 8. Lack of Communication & Water Rationing Schedule: There is a significant lack of communication from management regarding water rationing schedules, leaving residents unprepared for water outages. These issues have caused immense frustration, inconvenience, and distress among the residents. We believe it is essential to address these concerns urgently and collaboratively to find sustainable solutions. We earnestly request your attendance at this meeting to engage in a constructive dialogue and work towards resolving these critical issues. Your presence and cooperation will demonstrate a commitment to transparency and accountability, which are vital for rebuilding trust with the residents. Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to your positive response and meaningful participation on Saturday. Yours sincerely, Concerned Great Wall Gardens Residents.

From Great Wall Gardens Residents Athi River Great Wall Gardens Management Office Great Wall Gardens Cc: Ederman (Developer) Dear Management Team. Subject: Urgent Meeting Request Regarding Water Issues We hope this message finds you well. As residents of Great Wall Gardens, we are writing to request your presence at an urgent meeting scheduled for Saturday, 18th May 2024, starting at 9 AM. Thismeeting will take place outside the management offices. The primary aim of this gathering is to address the numerous and ongoing issues related to our water supply that have significantly impacted our daily lives and well-being. The following critical points need to be discussed:Water Unavailability: Residents have experienced frequent and prolonged periods without water, severely disrupting our daily activities; 1. Low Water Pressure: When water is available, the pressure is often so low that it becomes unusable for household needs. 2. Misleading Information from Management: We have encountered numerous instances of false or misleading information regarding the water supply situation. 3. High Water Bills: Despite the poor service, residents have been receiving exorbitantly high water bills, which are unjustifiable. 4. Dirty Water: The quality of water provided is frequently substandard, with residents reporting dirty and unclean water. 5. Consistent Same Figure Bills: There is an unusual consistency in the billing amounts, raising concerns about their accuracy and fairness. 6. Estimated/Cooked Water Bills: Many residents believe that the bills are not based on actual consumption but are arbitrarily estimated or manipulated. 7. Smelly Water: The water often has an unpleasant odor, making it unfit for use. Faulty Meters: There are widespread issues with faulty meters, leading to false readings that do not match actual household consumption. 8. Lack of Communication & Water Rationing Schedule: There is a significant lack of communication from management regarding water rationing schedules, leaving residents unprepared for water outages. These issues have caused immense frustration, inconvenience, and distress among the residents. We believe it is essential to address these concerns urgently and collaboratively to find sustainable solutions. We earnestly request your attendance at this meeting to engage in a constructive dialogue and work towards resolving these critical issues. Your presence and cooperation will demonstrate a commitment to transparency and accountability, which are vital for rebuilding trust with the residents. Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to your positive response and meaningful participation on Saturday. Yours sincerely, Concerned Great Wall Gardens Residents.

Cyprian, Is Nyakundi

171,724 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

Normally I wouldn’t be this interested in chip tech, even considering this is impressive. Huawei has found a creative workaround to catch up with the likes of TSMC. But what makes it even more compelling to me is the bigger story and resilience behind it. Starting in 2019, Huawei faced intense sanctions that significantly restricted their access to advanced chip technology and global supply chains. For a while, it looked like this would seriously damage or even sideline them in major way. A lot of people thought the company was done or would be stuck far behind for years. Yet Huawei refused to die. Pushed hard by those challenges, they didn’t fold or give up. Instead, they dug in, poured everything into self-reliance, research, and fresh thinking. They reinvented how they approach problems and entered a whole new era of innovation and creativity that probably wouldn’t have happened this quickly, or maybe even at all, without being forced into that corner. That’s the part I find truly inspiring. When the pressure was at its heaviest, they turned obstacles into fuel. They focused on what they could control, built up their own capabilities, and came back stronger with real breakthroughs. It’s rare to see that kind of determination pay off in such a visible way. So many observers probably believed the sanctions would destroy them or at least slow them down permanently. Instead, they lit a fire under the whole company and sparked a level of ingenuity that feels genuinely exciting to watch unfold. Sanctions were supposed to end them. Instead, they pushed Huawei into this impressive new chapter of self-reliance and forward momentum. That kind of comeback story is exactly why I’m such a big fan and why moments like this announcement feel so satisfying.

Normally I wouldn’t be this interested in chip tech, even considering this is impressive. Huawei has found a creative workaround to catch up with the likes of TSMC. But what makes it even more compelling to me is the bigger story and resilience behind it. Starting in 2019, Huawei faced intense sanctions that significantly restricted their access to advanced chip technology and global supply chains. For a while, it looked like this would seriously damage or even sideline them in major way. A lot of people thought the company was done or would be stuck far behind for years. Yet Huawei refused to die. Pushed hard by those challenges, they didn’t fold or give up. Instead, they dug in, poured everything into self-reliance, research, and fresh thinking. They reinvented how they approach problems and entered a whole new era of innovation and creativity that probably wouldn’t have happened this quickly, or maybe even at all, without being forced into that corner. That’s the part I find truly inspiring. When the pressure was at its heaviest, they turned obstacles into fuel. They focused on what they could control, built up their own capabilities, and came back stronger with real breakthroughs. It’s rare to see that kind of determination pay off in such a visible way. So many observers probably believed the sanctions would destroy them or at least slow them down permanently. Instead, they lit a fire under the whole company and sparked a level of ingenuity that feels genuinely exciting to watch unfold. Sanctions were supposed to end them. Instead, they pushed Huawei into this impressive new chapter of self-reliance and forward momentum. That kind of comeback story is exactly why I’m such a big fan and why moments like this announcement feel so satisfying.

Daniel Dumbrill

56,589 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Another major environmental catastrophe that impacts on climate and world trade, but it is not on the radar. The following link is a good video of the Sargassum problem, a pelagic seaweed floating on the surface of the ocean. When we sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, we got stuck three times in giant mats of Sargassum. The video gives a good explanation of what happens in the Caribbean when it washes ashore, but it misses the major environmental and economic implications that have a profound impact on world trade and marine life in an entire ocean. The Sargassum starts off from the coast of Brazil; it picks up nutrients from the Amazon and grows at an accelerated rate. It can double in biomass every 10 days. The weed crosses the South Atlantic to Africa and flows up the west coast, picking up more nutrients from the Congo and Gambia as well as agricultural run-off. By the time it reaches North Africa, Cape Verde, it takes a left turn and starts heading back across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. There should only be 1 million tonnes of the weed in the Atlantic, but there are now 40 million, and it is expanding year on year. Sargassum is a plant, and like all plants, it requires nutrients such as phosphate. However, the massive amount of weed uses up all the phosphate and then biochemically defaults to absorbing arsenic, which sits below phosphate in the periodic table. The Equatorial Atlantic is now devoid of phosphate, which means there is almost no phytoplankton, zooplankton or fish. When we conducted our citizen science project, 5000 samples were collected by 25 yachts at around 15 deg. North, and the results all confirmed that the Equatorial Atlantic was effectively dead. The results were not ignored by the academics; instead, they attacked the Citizen Science project, this has become the subject of a reports by Given the phytoplankton, such as coccolithophores and diatoms, have exhibited a regime shift, it also means the SML oil surfactant layer is gone, which means evaporation across the air-water interface has increased and aerosol/cloud formation has decreased. Satellite. Imagery confirms a 10%+ increase in humidity and a 10%+ decrease in cloud formation and rain. This is climate change TICC, the consequences. Impact on Central America, the survival of the tropical rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, 25% of all marine life in the Atlantic and water supply for the Panama Canal. 6% of world trade and 40% of USA trade pass through the canal, and it has been totally missed as a major economic and environmental catastrophe. GOES centre for marine research: The video below was taken in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean from our sailing vessel Copepod. Via Howard Dryden

Another major environmental catastrophe that impacts on climate and world trade, but it is not on the radar. The following link is a good video of the Sargassum problem, a pelagic seaweed floating on the surface of the ocean. When we sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, we got stuck three times in giant mats of Sargassum. The video gives a good explanation of what happens in the Caribbean when it washes ashore, but it misses the major environmental and economic implications that have a profound impact on world trade and marine life in an entire ocean. The Sargassum starts off from the coast of Brazil; it picks up nutrients from the Amazon and grows at an accelerated rate. It can double in biomass every 10 days. The weed crosses the South Atlantic to Africa and flows up the west coast, picking up more nutrients from the Congo and Gambia as well as agricultural run-off. By the time it reaches North Africa, Cape Verde, it takes a left turn and starts heading back across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. There should only be 1 million tonnes of the weed in the Atlantic, but there are now 40 million, and it is expanding year on year. Sargassum is a plant, and like all plants, it requires nutrients such as phosphate. However, the massive amount of weed uses up all the phosphate and then biochemically defaults to absorbing arsenic, which sits below phosphate in the periodic table. The Equatorial Atlantic is now devoid of phosphate, which means there is almost no phytoplankton, zooplankton or fish. When we conducted our citizen science project, 5000 samples were collected by 25 yachts at around 15 deg. North, and the results all confirmed that the Equatorial Atlantic was effectively dead. The results were not ignored by the academics; instead, they attacked the Citizen Science project, this has become the subject of a reports by Given the phytoplankton, such as coccolithophores and diatoms, have exhibited a regime shift, it also means the SML oil surfactant layer is gone, which means evaporation across the air-water interface has increased and aerosol/cloud formation has decreased. Satellite. Imagery confirms a 10%+ increase in humidity and a 10%+ decrease in cloud formation and rain. This is climate change TICC, the consequences. Impact on Central America, the survival of the tropical rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, 25% of all marine life in the Atlantic and water supply for the Panama Canal. 6% of world trade and 40% of USA trade pass through the canal, and it has been totally missed as a major economic and environmental catastrophe. GOES centre for marine research: The video below was taken in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean from our sailing vessel Copepod. Via Howard Dryden

Thomas Reis

68,631 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

Space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids move across the solar system and can collide with both Earth and the Moon. However, the Moon shows far more visible impact marks on its surface. One main reason is that Earth has a thick atmosphere that protects the planet. When many meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere, they burn up due to friction before they can reach the ground. This process creates the bright streaks of light we call shooting stars. The Moon, however, has almost no atmosphere, so incoming space rocks are not slowed down or burned up. They travel directly to the lunar surface and strike it at very high speed. Each collision creates an impact crater, throwing dust and rocks outward from the impact point. Over billions of years, thousands of these impacts have covered the Moon with craters. Unlike Earth, the Moon also has no wind, water, or weather to erase these craters, so they remain visible for millions or even billions of years. This is why the Moon looks heavily cratered when we observe it from Earth through telescopes.

Space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids move across the solar system and can collide with both Earth and the Moon. However, the Moon shows far more visible impact marks on its surface. One main reason is that Earth has a thick atmosphere that protects the planet. When many meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere, they burn up due to friction before they can reach the ground. This process creates the bright streaks of light we call shooting stars. The Moon, however, has almost no atmosphere, so incoming space rocks are not slowed down or burned up. They travel directly to the lunar surface and strike it at very high speed. Each collision creates an impact crater, throwing dust and rocks outward from the impact point. Over billions of years, thousands of these impacts have covered the Moon with craters. Unlike Earth, the Moon also has no wind, water, or weather to erase these craters, so they remain visible for millions or even billions of years. This is why the Moon looks heavily cratered when we observe it from Earth through telescopes.

The Astronomy Guy

17,473 Aufrufe • vor 4 Monaten

🌊🌧 #MumbaiRains #floods: Why was flooding so severe in #Vasai, #Virar & #Nalasopara this time? 🌧️ The rainfall was exceptional across the entire region. Both Vasai-Virar and its surrounding river catchments witnessed very heavy to extremely heavy rains. However, the widespread flooding wasn't caused by rainfall over Vasai-Virar alone, it was the result of multiple factors occurring simultaneously, with enormous upstream river discharge, tidal locking and urban drainage systems struggling to cope with such unprecedented volumes of water. The Ulhas River, originating near Lonavala, received extraordinary inflows after its upper catchment recorded around 1569 mm of rainfall in just 3 days. Torrential rain across the Ulhas Valley, Pune Ghats and Thane interiors sent enormous volumes of water into Vasai Creek.🌊🏞 At the same time, intense rainfall over the Nashik Ghats ⛰️, Igatpuri, Trimbakeshwar, Shahapur and Palghar swelled the Vaitarna River, which drains into the sea just north of Virar. The Tungareshwar ranges ⛰️ also received torrential rain, with numerous streams and nallas adding further runoff into the Vasai-Virar drainage network. Meanwhile, Vasai, Virar and Nalasopara themselves were experiencing torrential rainfall of about 600-700mm in last 3 days, generating massive local runoff. The region was effectively jammed from both sides. Massive upstream river discharge coincided with high tides 🌊, also during Monsoon the seas remain already rough slowing the outflow into the Arabian Sea and creating a backwater effect that prevented creeks and stormwater drains from emptying efficiently. Such an extraordinary volume of water would have stressed any drainage system. However, rapid urbanisation, shrinking wetlands and mangroves, encroachment of natural drainage channels and increasing concretisation have significantly reduced the region's natural capacity to store and drain floodwater, making the impacts even more severe. This event was a classic example of record-breaking rainfall across multiple river basins, intense local rain, tidal locking and urban infrastructure struggling to cope with an unprecedented volume of water. Today, inflows into the river systems 🌊 remain high, and several areas may continue to experience waterlogging and flooding. However, with rainfall expected to gradually reduce from now, river levels should slowly begin to recede as the excess water drains into the sea. Even so, the impacts of this exceptional rainfall event are likely to persist for the next few days, especially in low-lying areas, until the entire drainage system returns to normal. 🌧️ #KokanRains #PalgharRains #ThaneRains Video credits: varun mundra & Vasai Virar Update

🌊🌧 #MumbaiRains #floods: Why was flooding so severe in #Vasai, #Virar & #Nalasopara this time? 🌧️ The rainfall was exceptional across the entire region. Both Vasai-Virar and its surrounding river catchments witnessed very heavy to extremely heavy rains. However, the widespread flooding wasn't caused by rainfall over Vasai-Virar alone, it was the result of multiple factors occurring simultaneously, with enormous upstream river discharge, tidal locking and urban drainage systems struggling to cope with such unprecedented volumes of water. The Ulhas River, originating near Lonavala, received extraordinary inflows after its upper catchment recorded around 1569 mm of rainfall in just 3 days. Torrential rain across the Ulhas Valley, Pune Ghats and Thane interiors sent enormous volumes of water into Vasai Creek.🌊🏞 At the same time, intense rainfall over the Nashik Ghats ⛰️, Igatpuri, Trimbakeshwar, Shahapur and Palghar swelled the Vaitarna River, which drains into the sea just north of Virar. The Tungareshwar ranges ⛰️ also received torrential rain, with numerous streams and nallas adding further runoff into the Vasai-Virar drainage network. Meanwhile, Vasai, Virar and Nalasopara themselves were experiencing torrential rainfall of about 600-700mm in last 3 days, generating massive local runoff. The region was effectively jammed from both sides. Massive upstream river discharge coincided with high tides 🌊, also during Monsoon the seas remain already rough slowing the outflow into the Arabian Sea and creating a backwater effect that prevented creeks and stormwater drains from emptying efficiently. Such an extraordinary volume of water would have stressed any drainage system. However, rapid urbanisation, shrinking wetlands and mangroves, encroachment of natural drainage channels and increasing concretisation have significantly reduced the region's natural capacity to store and drain floodwater, making the impacts even more severe. This event was a classic example of record-breaking rainfall across multiple river basins, intense local rain, tidal locking and urban infrastructure struggling to cope with an unprecedented volume of water. Today, inflows into the river systems 🌊 remain high, and several areas may continue to experience waterlogging and flooding. However, with rainfall expected to gradually reduce from now, river levels should slowly begin to recede as the excess water drains into the sea. Even so, the impacts of this exceptional rainfall event are likely to persist for the next few days, especially in low-lying areas, until the entire drainage system returns to normal. 🌧️ #KokanRains #PalgharRains #ThaneRains Video credits: varun mundra & Vasai Virar Update

WeatherMan | Bandhan K

12,837 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Only Africa Can Save Europe Originating from COP28, the TeraMed project aims to generate 1 TW of solar energy in North Africa, creating around 3 million direct and indirect jobs. This would currently account for about 83% of the European Union's total installed electricity capacity, including renewables, fossil fuels, and nuclear (approximately 1.2 TW as of late 2025). If this target were raised from 1 TW to 1.5 TW, the European Union would more than double its current installed capacity of about 1.2 TW, reaching a total of roughly 2.7 TW, which would exceed twice the American capacity (around 1.3 TW) and near three-quarters of the Chinese capacity (around 3.8 TW). Based on TeraMed's estimates, it would require investments of $1 trillion, generating around 4.5 million jobs in North Africa and Europe. The installation project would take between 6-10 years, though it could be accelerated with aggressive engineering and strong political will. So far, in more than one year, TeraMed has not installed a single panel, highlighting the lack of coordination among Europeans in defining their energy, industrial, and economic policy priorities. With 1.5 TW of electricity generated, industrial costs in Europe would drop significantly, fulfilling the first stage to retain and attract industries. However, a second pillar would still need to be completed: natural gas. All current pipeline projects in Africa are timid, from Mauritania and Senegal to Mozambique. Investments of $20 billion and 20,000 km of pipelines would be required across several African countries, but primarily a robust Nigerian pipeline capable of transporting at least 70 bcm, which alone would meet 20% of Europe's demand. This is a project that would take at least 10 years, though it could be accelerated at the same pace as the solar panels. These are the reasons why the war must end, and Europe must get back on track. The cost of the war far exceeds the resources sent to Ukraine. Estimates suggest that total war-related costs, including aid to Ukraine, weapons, refugees, energy losses, and sanction impacts, exceed $1.5 trillion. For these and other reasons, I always say that warmongers are the true saboteurs of Europe. Moreover, engaging in free trade agreements like those with Mercosur or Indonesia won't help, as such high energy costs will make it difficult to compete in those markets as well. The Germans are desperately trying to offset losses with solar panels, but their efficiency is 2-3 times lower than panels installed in North Africa. Therefore, a supranational plan is needed. Installing panels alone won't solve the problem if they aren't efficient enough to restore industrial competitiveness and lower overall costs. Both investments in solar panels and gas would pay for themselves in just a few years, repositioning Europe to compete in the global market, and more than that, luring back companies that have already migrated to Asia. It’s green, industrial, and economic, and it generates both local and foreign jobs, bringing development and opportunities to these countries, just as the Chinese are doing in some countries.

Only Africa Can Save Europe Originating from COP28, the TeraMed project aims to generate 1 TW of solar energy in North Africa, creating around 3 million direct and indirect jobs. This would currently account for about 83% of the European Union's total installed electricity capacity, including renewables, fossil fuels, and nuclear (approximately 1.2 TW as of late 2025). If this target were raised from 1 TW to 1.5 TW, the European Union would more than double its current installed capacity of about 1.2 TW, reaching a total of roughly 2.7 TW, which would exceed twice the American capacity (around 1.3 TW) and near three-quarters of the Chinese capacity (around 3.8 TW). Based on TeraMed's estimates, it would require investments of $1 trillion, generating around 4.5 million jobs in North Africa and Europe. The installation project would take between 6-10 years, though it could be accelerated with aggressive engineering and strong political will. So far, in more than one year, TeraMed has not installed a single panel, highlighting the lack of coordination among Europeans in defining their energy, industrial, and economic policy priorities. With 1.5 TW of electricity generated, industrial costs in Europe would drop significantly, fulfilling the first stage to retain and attract industries. However, a second pillar would still need to be completed: natural gas. All current pipeline projects in Africa are timid, from Mauritania and Senegal to Mozambique. Investments of $20 billion and 20,000 km of pipelines would be required across several African countries, but primarily a robust Nigerian pipeline capable of transporting at least 70 bcm, which alone would meet 20% of Europe's demand. This is a project that would take at least 10 years, though it could be accelerated at the same pace as the solar panels. These are the reasons why the war must end, and Europe must get back on track. The cost of the war far exceeds the resources sent to Ukraine. Estimates suggest that total war-related costs, including aid to Ukraine, weapons, refugees, energy losses, and sanction impacts, exceed $1.5 trillion. For these and other reasons, I always say that warmongers are the true saboteurs of Europe. Moreover, engaging in free trade agreements like those with Mercosur or Indonesia won't help, as such high energy costs will make it difficult to compete in those markets as well. The Germans are desperately trying to offset losses with solar panels, but their efficiency is 2-3 times lower than panels installed in North Africa. Therefore, a supranational plan is needed. Installing panels alone won't solve the problem if they aren't efficient enough to restore industrial competitiveness and lower overall costs. Both investments in solar panels and gas would pay for themselves in just a few years, repositioning Europe to compete in the global market, and more than that, luring back companies that have already migrated to Asia. It’s green, industrial, and economic, and it generates both local and foreign jobs, bringing development and opportunities to these countries, just as the Chinese are doing in some countries.

Patricia Marins

25,302 Aufrufe • vor 9 Monaten

More Batteries vs. Submarines Now that the German TKMS and the French Naval Group have massively adopted lithium-ion batteries, following the Japanese lead, this is consolidating as a major trend, just as I had predicted. The next stage will be solid-state batteries, and at that point, we'll essentially be discussing only speed and submerged endurance in comparison to nuclear submarines. Since solid-state batteries are lighter, they will allow for a greater number to be installed, freeing up space for more powerful propulsion systems. Naval Group has already sold a version of the Scorpène to Indonesia capable of remaining submerged for up to 80 days. That's with lithium-ion batteries. Imagine what this could exceed, more than double, with solid-state batteries. In practical terms, a more powerful engine combined with solid-state batteries in the proportions that Naval Group is now using in the Scorpène would provide three times the speed, meaning something like 10–15 knots at constant speed while maintaining around 50 days submerged. This would give a range of 40,000–50,000 km, requiring less than one hour on the surface for a fast recharge. For speeds above 25 knots, simply adding more batteries and a better engine would suffice, as the solid-state system has high power output. All this at 15–20% of the cost of a nuclear submarine. And if the choice is to power the batteries with a micro-reactor, it would cost 25–35% of a conventional nuclear one. Then someone will say: “But a nuclear sub can stay submerged for years.” That makes no difference at all, since even with around 60 days of endurance, the crew still needs to surface to resupply provisions. The big advantages remain: battery-powered subs are superior in silence, and speed can be addressed with larger battery packs.

More Batteries vs. Submarines Now that the German TKMS and the French Naval Group have massively adopted lithium-ion batteries, following the Japanese lead, this is consolidating as a major trend, just as I had predicted. The next stage will be solid-state batteries, and at that point, we'll essentially be discussing only speed and submerged endurance in comparison to nuclear submarines. Since solid-state batteries are lighter, they will allow for a greater number to be installed, freeing up space for more powerful propulsion systems. Naval Group has already sold a version of the Scorpène to Indonesia capable of remaining submerged for up to 80 days. That's with lithium-ion batteries. Imagine what this could exceed, more than double, with solid-state batteries. In practical terms, a more powerful engine combined with solid-state batteries in the proportions that Naval Group is now using in the Scorpène would provide three times the speed, meaning something like 10–15 knots at constant speed while maintaining around 50 days submerged. This would give a range of 40,000–50,000 km, requiring less than one hour on the surface for a fast recharge. For speeds above 25 knots, simply adding more batteries and a better engine would suffice, as the solid-state system has high power output. All this at 15–20% of the cost of a nuclear submarine. And if the choice is to power the batteries with a micro-reactor, it would cost 25–35% of a conventional nuclear one. Then someone will say: “But a nuclear sub can stay submerged for years.” That makes no difference at all, since even with around 60 days of endurance, the crew still needs to surface to resupply provisions. The big advantages remain: battery-powered subs are superior in silence, and speed can be addressed with larger battery packs.

Patricia Marins

103,224 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten

HTML Artifacts are a big part of how I work with agents now. Artifacts can be more than just static files. When combined with agents, they can take action or help you take action. This unlocks all kinds of interesting ways to work with agents. This is clearly the future. Check out this writing and scheduler artifact I built in a few minutes. It uses a bit of HTML and JS. All the data is in markdown (Obsidian vaults), so the agent can access and modify it at any time. No DB needed. No sophisticated functionalities. The agent decides all that for me based on the skills, context, and memory it has access to. The best part about this simple stack is that all the important information stays with me. This has allowed me to build a recursive self-improving system and automations that can better tap into coding agents like Codex or Claude Code. I could have paid or built an entire app for scheduling posts, and there are so many of them out there. But I don't need to. I've realized a simple artifact does the job. And the simplicity of it is actually an advantage. Very little maintenance for very high returns on personalization, time, and efficiency. The other benefit of this is that I can add features as I please. That level of personalization feels magical, and we should all be pursuing more of it. All of this just keeps compounding. Of course, this example is just about writing. But I have similar artifacts for research, design, experimentation, evaluation, and so much more. And no, I didn't actually publish the post example I shared in the clip. It was just for demonstration purposes. I actually spend more time than this when writing together with agents. Lastly, having built my own agent orchestrator tool has made me realize that simplifying the tool stack is a superpower. If you are curious about how all this works, I will do a live session next week:

HTML Artifacts are a big part of how I work with agents now. Artifacts can be more than just static files. When combined with agents, they can take action or help you take action. This unlocks all kinds of interesting ways to work with agents. This is clearly the future. Check out this writing and scheduler artifact I built in a few minutes. It uses a bit of HTML and JS. All the data is in markdown (Obsidian vaults), so the agent can access and modify it at any time. No DB needed. No sophisticated functionalities. The agent decides all that for me based on the skills, context, and memory it has access to. The best part about this simple stack is that all the important information stays with me. This has allowed me to build a recursive self-improving system and automations that can better tap into coding agents like Codex or Claude Code. I could have paid or built an entire app for scheduling posts, and there are so many of them out there. But I don't need to. I've realized a simple artifact does the job. And the simplicity of it is actually an advantage. Very little maintenance for very high returns on personalization, time, and efficiency. The other benefit of this is that I can add features as I please. That level of personalization feels magical, and we should all be pursuing more of it. All of this just keeps compounding. Of course, this example is just about writing. But I have similar artifacts for research, design, experimentation, evaluation, and so much more. And no, I didn't actually publish the post example I shared in the clip. It was just for demonstration purposes. I actually spend more time than this when writing together with agents. Lastly, having built my own agent orchestrator tool has made me realize that simplifying the tool stack is a superpower. If you are curious about how all this works, I will do a live session next week:

elvis

18,374 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten