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Steven Pinker (Steven Pinker) returns to Conversations with Tyler with an argument that common knowledge—those infinite loops of "I know that you know that I know"—is the hidden infrastructure that enables human coordination, from accepting paper money to toppling dictators. But tylercowen wonders: can there be too much common...

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Conversations with Tyler

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Why don't we just cut the crap and say it? And the conclusion that I came to, this is an earlier book, The Stuff of Thought (subtitle is Language is a Window into Human Nature), is that direct speech generates common knowledge, and that common knowledge is the basis of our social relationships. Two people--if they're friends, if they're lovers, if they're transactional partners, if they're in a dominance hierarchy--all of those are equilibria in coordination games, and they're matters of common knowledge. In the case of friends, it's we're equal, we would do anything for each other, we're there for each other, and that's kind of the common knowledge that makes friends friends. Clip on direct speech and common knowledge from an interview with Robert Contofalsky (Robert Contofalsky) of R-Academy. -- My new book, When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows . . .: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life is available here:
0:48

Why don't we just cut the crap and say it? And the conclusion that I came to, this is an earlier book, The Stuff of Thought (subtitle is Language is a Window into Human Nature), is that direct speech generates common knowledge, and that common knowledge is the basis of our social relationships. Two people--if they're friends, if they're lovers, if they're transactional partners, if they're in a dominance hierarchy--all of those are equilibria in coordination games, and they're matters of common knowledge. In the case of friends, it's we're equal, we would do anything for each other, we're there for each other, and that's kind of the common knowledge that makes friends friends. Clip on direct speech and common knowledge from an interview with Robert Contofalsky (Robert Contofalsky) of R-Academy. -- My new book, When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows . . .: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life is available here:

Steven Pinker

56,084 Aufrufe • vor 10 Monaten

"Yes, it’s too soon to tell, but it is interesting that large language models, as opposed to social media, have tended to be much more aligned with what we would consider objective reality and truth. That is, I think it’s not so easy to get a large language model to endorse a ridiculous conspiracy theory, such as that the 2020 U.S. election was stolen or that COVID vaccines are actually microchips that Bill Gates is implanting to surveil us. All of those ideas are very easy to find on social media. And it may indeed be, as you say, that large language models tend to gravitate toward common priors—namely, all the knowledge that’s out there on the web. But, in particular, during pre-training and post-training—the fine-tuning process—they are engineered to be aligned with truth and reality. And that is because the AI companies have a different business model than the social media companies." From an episode of Scaling Theory with Thibault Schrepel: Steven Pinker on Common Knowledge, From Eye Contact to the Super Bowl
1:02

"Yes, it’s too soon to tell, but it is interesting that large language models, as opposed to social media, have tended to be much more aligned with what we would consider objective reality and truth. That is, I think it’s not so easy to get a large language model to endorse a ridiculous conspiracy theory, such as that the 2020 U.S. election was stolen or that COVID vaccines are actually microchips that Bill Gates is implanting to surveil us. All of those ideas are very easy to find on social media. And it may indeed be, as you say, that large language models tend to gravitate toward common priors—namely, all the knowledge that’s out there on the web. But, in particular, during pre-training and post-training—the fine-tuning process—they are engineered to be aligned with truth and reality. And that is because the AI companies have a different business model than the social media companies." From an episode of Scaling Theory with Thibault Schrepel: Steven Pinker on Common Knowledge, From Eye Contact to the Super Bowl

Steven Pinker

58,225 Aufrufe • vor 2 Monaten

With The Fifth Column 🖐 talking about common knowledge: “Common knowledge can be generated at a stroke when something is witnessed in a forum where you can witness other people witnessing it. So if something just happens in public and you can see everyone else seeing it, that gives you an instant intuition that there’s common knowledge. Humor, I suggest in one of the chapters, is a common-knowledge generator, usually of some infirmity or indignity or weakness in someone or something. And the laughter, which is conspicuous—you can hear it when someone is laughing; it interrupts their speech and breathing—at the moment of laughter, suddenly becomes common knowledge. Everyone who gets the joke suddenly realizes that someone has been taken down, and they realize that everyone else realizes it. And that’s why freedom of speech and freedom of assembly are suppressed in autocracies. The joke from the Soviet era is about the man handing out leaflets in Red Square. Of course, the KGB arrest him, take him down to headquarters, only to discover that the leaflets are blank sheets of paper. They say, ‘What is the meaning of this?’ And he says, ‘What’s there to say? It’s so obvious.’ And the reason that it was subversive is that he was generating common knowledge. Just the mere fact of trying to make something public, even if you don’t have to stipulate what it is, can generate the coordination—everyone acting together to bring down a regime.”
1:18

With The Fifth Column 🖐 talking about common knowledge: “Common knowledge can be generated at a stroke when something is witnessed in a forum where you can witness other people witnessing it. So if something just happens in public and you can see everyone else seeing it, that gives you an instant intuition that there’s common knowledge. Humor, I suggest in one of the chapters, is a common-knowledge generator, usually of some infirmity or indignity or weakness in someone or something. And the laughter, which is conspicuous—you can hear it when someone is laughing; it interrupts their speech and breathing—at the moment of laughter, suddenly becomes common knowledge. Everyone who gets the joke suddenly realizes that someone has been taken down, and they realize that everyone else realizes it. And that’s why freedom of speech and freedom of assembly are suppressed in autocracies. The joke from the Soviet era is about the man handing out leaflets in Red Square. Of course, the KGB arrest him, take him down to headquarters, only to discover that the leaflets are blank sheets of paper. They say, ‘What is the meaning of this?’ And he says, ‘What’s there to say? It’s so obvious.’ And the reason that it was subversive is that he was generating common knowledge. Just the mere fact of trying to make something public, even if you don’t have to stipulate what it is, can generate the coordination—everyone acting together to bring down a regime.”

Steven Pinker

44,931 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

The data behind the “common knowledge” that "settler violence" is a huge and growing problem is provided by the UN’s Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). But what do they consider violence? Turns out, too much Watch Natasha Hausdorff make sense of nonsense.
0:39

The data behind the “common knowledge” that "settler violence" is a huge and growing problem is provided by the UN’s Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). But what do they consider violence? Turns out, too much Watch Natasha Hausdorff make sense of nonsense.

Regavim

11,609 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

.Naval: You define wealth in a beautiful way. You talk about wealth as a set of physical transformations that we can affect. So as a society it becomes very clear that knowledge leads directly to wealth creation for everybody. A given individual can obviously affect physical transformations proportional to the resources available to them—but much more proportional to the knowledge available to them. Knowledge is a huge force multiplier. You then define resources as the thing that you combine with knowledge to create wealth. New knowledge allows you to use new things as resources and discard old things that maybe we’re running out of. There are lots of examples of how we’ve done that in the past. For example, in energy we’ve gone from wood to coal to oil to nuclear. But then people say, “Now we’re out of ideas. Now we’re caught up. Now we’re done. There aren’t going to be new ideas, and now we have to freeze the frame and conserve what we have.” The counter to that is, “No, we’ll create new knowledge and have new resources. Don’t worry about the old ones.” Well they say, “If you’re going to have new resources, if you can’t think of them now, it’s not real.” This now gets into the realm of people demanding that if you’re going to claim that new knowledge will be created, you have to name that knowledge now. Otherwise it’s not real. But that seems like a Catch-22. David Deutsch: It does, and it’s a bad argument. I don’t want to claim that the knowledge will be created. We’re fallible; we may not create it. We may destroy ourselves. We may miss the solution that’s right under our nose, so that when the snailiens come from another galaxy and look at us, they’ll say, “How can it possibly be that they failed to do so-and-so when it was right in front of them?” That could happen. I can’t prove or argue that it won’t happen. What I always argue, though, is that we have what it takes. We have everything that it takes to achieve that. If we don’t, it’ll be because of bad choices we have made, not because of constraints imposed on us by the planet or the solar system. Naval: It will be by anti-rational memes that restrict the creation of knowledge and the growth of knowledge. David Deutsch: Maybe. Or maybe it’ll be by well-intentioned errors, which nobody could see why they were errors. Again, it doesn’t take malevolence to make mistakes. Mistakes are the normal condition of humans. All we can do is try to find them. Maybe not destroying the means of correcting errors is the heart of morality; because if there is no way of correcting errors, then sooner or later one of those will get us. Naval: Don’t destroy the means of error correction is the base of morality. I love that. I think about places like North Korea where you can’t have elections and a revolution is very difficult because the gang in charge is armed to the teeth and they’ve destroyed the means of political error correction for a long time. That is a case where humanity is trapped in a local minimum, and it’s very hard to climb out of that hole. If too much of the world falls into that mindset, then we as a species may just stagnate because we’ve lost our biggest advantage. We’ve lost our biggest discovery, which was the ability to make new discoveries.
3:08

.Naval: You define wealth in a beautiful way. You talk about wealth as a set of physical transformations that we can affect. So as a society it becomes very clear that knowledge leads directly to wealth creation for everybody. A given individual can obviously affect physical transformations proportional to the resources available to them—but much more proportional to the knowledge available to them. Knowledge is a huge force multiplier. You then define resources as the thing that you combine with knowledge to create wealth. New knowledge allows you to use new things as resources and discard old things that maybe we’re running out of. There are lots of examples of how we’ve done that in the past. For example, in energy we’ve gone from wood to coal to oil to nuclear. But then people say, “Now we’re out of ideas. Now we’re caught up. Now we’re done. There aren’t going to be new ideas, and now we have to freeze the frame and conserve what we have.” The counter to that is, “No, we’ll create new knowledge and have new resources. Don’t worry about the old ones.” Well they say, “If you’re going to have new resources, if you can’t think of them now, it’s not real.” This now gets into the realm of people demanding that if you’re going to claim that new knowledge will be created, you have to name that knowledge now. Otherwise it’s not real. But that seems like a Catch-22. David Deutsch: It does, and it’s a bad argument. I don’t want to claim that the knowledge will be created. We’re fallible; we may not create it. We may destroy ourselves. We may miss the solution that’s right under our nose, so that when the snailiens come from another galaxy and look at us, they’ll say, “How can it possibly be that they failed to do so-and-so when it was right in front of them?” That could happen. I can’t prove or argue that it won’t happen. What I always argue, though, is that we have what it takes. We have everything that it takes to achieve that. If we don’t, it’ll be because of bad choices we have made, not because of constraints imposed on us by the planet or the solar system. Naval: It will be by anti-rational memes that restrict the creation of knowledge and the growth of knowledge. David Deutsch: Maybe. Or maybe it’ll be by well-intentioned errors, which nobody could see why they were errors. Again, it doesn’t take malevolence to make mistakes. Mistakes are the normal condition of humans. All we can do is try to find them. Maybe not destroying the means of correcting errors is the heart of morality; because if there is no way of correcting errors, then sooner or later one of those will get us. Naval: Don’t destroy the means of error correction is the base of morality. I love that. I think about places like North Korea where you can’t have elections and a revolution is very difficult because the gang in charge is armed to the teeth and they’ve destroyed the means of political error correction for a long time. That is a case where humanity is trapped in a local minimum, and it’s very hard to climb out of that hole. If too much of the world falls into that mindset, then we as a species may just stagnate because we’ve lost our biggest advantage. We’ve lost our biggest discovery, which was the ability to make new discoveries.

Deutsch Explains

143,949 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

Why do dictatorships look permanent right up to the night they fall? Because a regime can survive a million private grievances. What it can't survive is everyone finding out that everyone agrees. Money, laws, revolutions — all run on common knowledge. Today social feeds and LLMs have become how we figure out what everyone thinks. Can we trust them? I spent an afternoon with Steven Pinker finding out:
48:39

Why do dictatorships look permanent right up to the night they fall? Because a regime can survive a million private grievances. What it can't survive is everyone finding out that everyone agrees. Money, laws, revolutions — all run on common knowledge. Today social feeds and LLMs have become how we figure out what everyone thinks. Can we trust them? I spent an afternoon with Steven Pinker finding out:

Tobias Rose-Stockwell

81,306 Aufrufe • vor 1 Monat

Australia. They say that in Australia there is a barrier that is forbidden to cross, I don't know if it's true. But I know that many old books showed us "Hybrids" beings, exotic animals, all very different from our reality. I don't know anything about the veracity of this video, but I think the authorities are hiding a lot of things from us. And if there is a possibility that there are beings beyond our knowledge, that place are Australia and beyond.
0:46

Australia. They say that in Australia there is a barrier that is forbidden to cross, I don't know if it's true. But I know that many old books showed us "Hybrids" beings, exotic animals, all very different from our reality. I don't know anything about the veracity of this video, but I think the authorities are hiding a lot of things from us. And if there is a possibility that there are beings beyond our knowledge, that place are Australia and beyond.

Bronze Giant

3,442,832 Aufrufe • vor 1 Jahr

"What is P vs NP and how does it relate to human knowledge?" Avi Wigderson (Turing Award & Abel Prize winner): "In a very basic way, all the problems we want to solve are really NP problems. A subset of it is the problems we can solve. So the question of P versus NP is whether we can solve all the problems we want to solve, whether we can know everything we want to know. This is basically about the limits of our knowledge. You can think there is no limit to what we may want to know but I claim that essentially in any human endeavor, what people are searching for have the property that when a solution is found, it is easily recognized. NP are all problems that we can honestly say we really want to solve and P are those that we can solve. Whether they are equal is just the very fact that a solution can be easily recognized would imply that it can be efficiently found. That means that we can know everything we ever want to know, it's a fundamental question about human knowledge."
1:00

"What is P vs NP and how does it relate to human knowledge?" Avi Wigderson (Turing Award & Abel Prize winner): "In a very basic way, all the problems we want to solve are really NP problems. A subset of it is the problems we can solve. So the question of P versus NP is whether we can solve all the problems we want to solve, whether we can know everything we want to know. This is basically about the limits of our knowledge. You can think there is no limit to what we may want to know but I claim that essentially in any human endeavor, what people are searching for have the property that when a solution is found, it is easily recognized. NP are all problems that we can honestly say we really want to solve and P are those that we can solve. Whether they are equal is just the very fact that a solution can be easily recognized would imply that it can be efficiently found. That means that we can know everything we ever want to know, it's a fundamental question about human knowledge."

Ryan Peterman

20,069 Aufrufe • vor 3 Monaten

👀 Tucker Carlson Says There Are Two Stories That He is Really Scared to Cover "One is the 2020 election and I think that I was far too dismissive of some of the claims made about it and I think there may be some merit to some of the wildest possible claims about that election...The second thing that bothers me is the UFO story...If you talk to people who have actual knowledge of it that they gathered themselves, there are parts of that story that I do not understand at all that are really, really, really dark...There's a spiritual component there that I don't fully understand." Natali Morris Clayton Morris Tucker Carlson
4:37

👀 Tucker Carlson Says There Are Two Stories That He is Really Scared to Cover "One is the 2020 election and I think that I was far too dismissive of some of the claims made about it and I think there may be some merit to some of the wildest possible claims about that election...The second thing that bothers me is the UFO story...If you talk to people who have actual knowledge of it that they gathered themselves, there are parts of that story that I do not understand at all that are really, really, really dark...There's a spiritual component there that I don't fully understand." Natali Morris Clayton Morris Tucker Carlson

Chief Nerd

6,083,017 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

TUCKER CARLSON: “I have no clue at all how Nancy Pelosi is just so rich or how her stock picks are like way better than Warren Buffett’s. How does that happen? Does anyone ever talk about that internally, like on the hill?” TULSI GABBARD: “No, because most of them benefit from it ... No member of Congress or the Senate or their spouse or their senior staff should be allowed to trade in stocks, period, full stop ... There should be no perception that our elected leaders are profiting off of the knowledge that they have as policymakers that directly impact industry and businesses. TUCKER CARLSON: “That’s a no-brainer to me.” TULSI GABBARD: “It’s just common sense that we have people in great positions of power. Why should they be forced to do something (not trade stocks while serving) with the passage of a law? Why don’t they just do the right thing and say, you know what, we get that even an innocent thing could be perceived as insider trading? We’re just not going to go there.” TUCKER CARLSON: “Because it’s too lucrative to give up.” TULSI GABBARD: “And they know they can get away with it.”
3:29

TUCKER CARLSON: “I have no clue at all how Nancy Pelosi is just so rich or how her stock picks are like way better than Warren Buffett’s. How does that happen? Does anyone ever talk about that internally, like on the hill?” TULSI GABBARD: “No, because most of them benefit from it ... No member of Congress or the Senate or their spouse or their senior staff should be allowed to trade in stocks, period, full stop ... There should be no perception that our elected leaders are profiting off of the knowledge that they have as policymakers that directly impact industry and businesses. TUCKER CARLSON: “That’s a no-brainer to me.” TULSI GABBARD: “It’s just common sense that we have people in great positions of power. Why should they be forced to do something (not trade stocks while serving) with the passage of a law? Why don’t they just do the right thing and say, you know what, we get that even an innocent thing could be perceived as insider trading? We’re just not going to go there.” TUCKER CARLSON: “Because it’s too lucrative to give up.” TULSI GABBARD: “And they know they can get away with it.”

The Vigilant Fox 🦊

1,072,821 Aufrufe • vor 2 Jahren

In the same way that you can be too sick to go to work, you can also be too mentally ill to date Especially if your mental illness is running rampant and impacting your dating life (BPD being a common one!) it’s better to take a step back than make things worse
1:52

In the same way that you can be too sick to go to work, you can also be too mentally ill to date Especially if your mental illness is running rampant and impacting your dating life (BPD being a common one!) it’s better to take a step back than make things worse

Allie ✞

43,925 Aufrufe • vor 6 Monaten

LeBron on if he can continue playing longer: "I could but I don't know. It's not like my game is deteriorating. I have so much knowledge of the game that I know how to still continue to make an impact. I can still do so many things on the floor" 🥹❤️
1:33

LeBron on if he can continue playing longer: "I could but I don't know. It's not like my game is deteriorating. I have so much knowledge of the game that I know how to still continue to make an impact. I can still do so many things on the floor" 🥹❤️

BronMuse

402,445 Aufrufe • vor 7 Monaten

On Putin's invasion of Ukraine: “This really was a stunning breach of the norm since 1945: that borders are grandfathered in; nation-states are immortal. The borders may be irrational; they may be all kinds of grounds for irredentist claims—‘Well, that patch of land on your side of the border really historically and morally ought to be on our side’—which could lead to endless wars. But good fences make good neighbors. There they are, and if you just say, ‘The borders are the borders,’ then you avoid all the endless fighting and irredentist conflicts. So, by invading Ukraine with the intent actually of swallowing it up—that was a big breach of that norm.” For more on how norms and common knowledge function in society, see my new book: When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows . . .: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life Richard Hanania
1:33

On Putin's invasion of Ukraine: “This really was a stunning breach of the norm since 1945: that borders are grandfathered in; nation-states are immortal. The borders may be irrational; they may be all kinds of grounds for irredentist claims—‘Well, that patch of land on your side of the border really historically and morally ought to be on our side’—which could lead to endless wars. But good fences make good neighbors. There they are, and if you just say, ‘The borders are the borders,’ then you avoid all the endless fighting and irredentist conflicts. So, by invading Ukraine with the intent actually of swallowing it up—that was a big breach of that norm.” For more on how norms and common knowledge function in society, see my new book: When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows . . .: Common Knowledge and the Mysteries of Money, Power, and Everyday Life Richard Hanania

Steven Pinker

38,585 Aufrufe • vor 8 Monaten