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There is a well-known test for deciding whether a nation can become a state. When people come to me and ask, "Isn't it so unfair that the Palestinians don't have a state?" the first thing I tell them is they do have a state, it's called Jordan. That was...

49,639 次观看 • 3 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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To have a state, there's a simple test. It's called the Montevideo test. It comes from the Montevideo Convention in 1933, and it's a four-part, four-element test. The four elements are: 1. Do you have a defined population? 2. Do you have defined borders? 3. Do you have the capacity to conduct foreign relations? 4. Do you have a single effective government? There's a couple things to understand about this. The first thing is that Israel, despite being called an illegitimate state, is actually a very old country. I don't mean ancient Israel. I mean, the Israel that was founded in 1948 was founded at a time when there were only 58 countries in the world. It became the 59th state. So people always say, "Oh, this newfangled creation, Israel." No, no, no. Israel's older than roughly two-thirds of all the countries in the world. And in fact, it was created in precisely the same way and at about the same time as many of the decolonized states in the world that were just drawn as lines on the map by European colonialist powers. It's the same thing with many of the Arab countries. Iraq was drawn up that way. Lebanon was definitely drawn up that way. Syria was drawn up that way with no regard for their indigenous, in many cases, local minority populations. Lots of countries in Africa were created this way. Cameroon was created this way. Part of South Africa and Botswana were split off this way. We could talk forever about the dozens of countries that were created just the same way Israel was, and nobody ever protests them because there's no Jews there, right? So there's nothing to protest. The point here is that Israel met in 1948, and has met every second of every day since then until today, all four of the Montevideo Factors.

Roy K. Altman

55,355 次观看 • 2 个月前

Chapter two of my new book, Israel on Trial, discusses the legitimacy of the State of Israel. The first thing to understand is that Israel is actually an old country in the world—not ancient Israel, not the Kingdom of Judea—but the modern State of Israel, founded on May 14th, 1948. It was the 59th state accepted into the United Nations. There are now 193 countries, which makes Israel older than 67% of all the countries in the world. It really was created at this moment in time very much like, and not in an aberrational way, all the other countries that were being created in this period of decolonization in the Middle East, Africa, and in Asia when colonists were leaving their colonies behind and drawing lines on a map. And so, in that sense, Israel’s creation was not all that different from the creation of Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, or even Cameroon. But the point here is that the claim that Israel is illegitimate can be analyzed very simply because although our anthropologists and linguists have identified over 7,000 distinct ethnic groups, different peoples around the world, the reality is that over 98% of them don't have states of their own. What makes it possible for a group to gain independence, sovereignty, and have their own legitimate nation-state? There is a legal test for statehood, and it comes from the Montevideo Convention, signed in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933. It's called the Montevideo Convention and it has four simple elements: 1. Do you have defined borders? 2. Do you have a defined population? 3. Do you have the capacity to engage in foreign relations? 4. Do you have a single effective government? Israel has had all of those things from the moment it was founded until today, and every second in between. By contrast, the supposed State of Palestine does not meet—and in fact fails—the four-factor Montevideo test. It lacks defined borders and is not governed by a single effective government, but rather by three separate authorities, none of which exercises legitimate governing authority over the whole population.

Roy K. Altman

13,449 次观看 • 2 个月前

Occupation under international law has to be the occupation of another state's territory. There is no state that's being occupied—in this case by Israel—because the Palestinians have, on six different occasions, been offered a state of their own, and in each case have rejected the state. Every poll that's ever been conducted and every political settlement that's ever been broken—from 1936, 1947, and 1967 after Khartoum, to Oslo in 1993 and the offers in 2000 and 2008—show that the Palestinians do not want a second state. They want one state from the river to the sea, a fully Arab state with no Jews on it. This is the analogy I like to make: You go to the store and they tell you that a pair of jeans is a hundred bucks. And you say, "Okay, I'll, gonna pay a hundred bucks." Then a guy next to you in line comes, he returns a shirt that was worth 50 bucks. He wants to buy the same pair of jeans. How much does he have to pay? He only has to pay 50 bucks. He gave back a shirt that was worth 50 bucks. The pants were a hundred bucks, he only has to pay 50 bucks. Now, if you say to the store owner, "Hey, I don't want to give you anything of value, not the shirt, not the money, but now I want the jeans," no business person in the world would accept that claim. You can't say, "I take the jeans, I give you no money." That's not how business transactions work. It's not how the law of contracts work. But that's exactly what the claim of occupation does in this case. The Palestinians rejected the state that was offered to them, insist on calling themselves a state, and then claim that Israel is occupying their territory. But here's the problem: There is an international law test for the creation of legitimate nation states. There are over 7,000 ethnic groups in the world that archeologists and anthropologists and linguists have pieced together. The vast majority, over 98%, don't have a state of their own. So who gets to have a state? There are only 193 states in the world. These are nation states that meet these four elements from a conference in Montevideo in 1933. The four elements are: 1. Do you have a defined population? 2. Do you have defined borders? 3. Do you have a single effective government? 4. Do you have the capacity for conducting international relations? Israel has unquestionably met all four elements every single day since its founding. The supposed state of Palestine, which people now claim is more legitimate than the Jewish state, indisputably fails at least two of those four elements.

Roy K. Altman

183,351 次观看 • 3 个月前

There are a few things things that college kids—especially the ones chanting "free palestine" and "from the river to the sea"—should know about the history and founding of Israel. A Palestinian state was already created in 1921. There was a British mandate of Palestine, which was a foreign occupied colony of the British Empire, which comprised modern-day what's Israel and what's now Jordan. The Jews believed they were entitled, based on the Balfour Declaration of 1917, to the entire mandate of Palestine to be the future Jewish state. In 1921, it became clear that wasn't to be. The British understood they were gonna need oil from the Arab states in a future global conflict, and so they ceded 77% of that land to create a state for the Arab Muslim Palestinians. They weren't called Palestinians then, but they were the Arab Muslims who lived in the British colony of Palestine. That country became first known as Transjordan on the other side of the Jordan, then it became the Kingdom of Jordan, and ultimately today we know it as Jordan. So there is a Palestinian state full of Palestinian Muslim Arabs. There's a Palestinian queen in that state today. The prince and future king of that state is a Palestinian, and over 60% of the population are people who are Arab Muslims from the mandate of Palestine. So there is a Palestinian state. What they really want is a second Palestinian state, a 58th Muslim state, a 23rd Arab state in the world—but it's just too much to have one teeny-tiny Jewish state. The second and more important thing to understand is that Israel and the international community have already offered the Palestinians on six prior occasions, in 1936 in the Peel Commission, 1947 in the Partition Plan, 1967 at Khartoum after the Six-Day War in Sudan, 1993 at Oslo, 2000 at Camp David with Bill Clinton, and again 2008 with Ehud Olmert as the prime minister. On six different occasions, Israel, America, and the international community offered the Palestinians their own state, their own sovereign territory with their own government to to do as they please with, on the land that college kids now seem to believe they deserve a state on. And what college kids don't understand is the Palestinians rejected that state on six different occasions. On college campuses, when kids chant "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free," realize that is only the English jingle that was created in order to appeal to and deceive American college kids. In Arabic, the original phrase is: "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be Arabic." They want a full Palestinian Arab state from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea with no Jews on it. That's what they've done in every other Arab country in the world, where they've expelled and ethnically cleansed the 850,000 Jews who lived all over the Muslim world, starting in the middle of the 20th century. People who have lived there, by the way, for centuries, all ethnically cleansed. They want to do the same thing with the 10 million people who now live in Israel, and we're never gonna allow that to happen.

Roy K. Altman

46,443 次观看 • 2 个月前

Question from journalist: “France says that they will support Palestinian statehood in the next short while. You’ve described that as a reward for Hamas here. Other countries like Australia are also walking down this path. Not quite there yet. How much of this is a reward for Hamas, and how much of it is actually countries like those who have repeatedly said Israel does have a right to defend itself, but are now struggling to stomach what they’re saying you and your military are doing in Gaza?” -- Prime Minister Netanyahu’s Response: “Well, first of all, those who say that Israel has a right to defend itself are also saying, but don’t exercise that right. When we do what any country would do, faced with this genocidal terrorist organization that has performed the worst attack on Jews since the Holocaust, I think we’re actually applying force judiciously. And they know it. They know what they would do if they’re right next to Melbourne or right next to Sydney. You had this horrific attacks. I think you would do it, at least what we’re doing, probably─ maybe not as efficiently and as precisely as we’re doing it. We’ve lost quite a few soldiers in that effort. But, that’s the first thing. I think that, the second thing you ask is a Palestinian state. Well, the assumption, the prevailing assumption, in this, is that the problem that we have with the Palestinians is the absence of a Palestinian state. And if they were given a Palestinian state, they would stop the efforts to destroy the Jewish state. But the Palestinians were offered a state many times, including in the partition resolution, and they turned it down. They were offered statehood by my predecessors with lavish, lavish concessions. They turned it down. Because the Palestinians are not about creating a state; they’re about destroying a state. That’s why they opposed the Jewish national movement to create a state. It’s called Zionism. They opposed it before the inception of the Jewish state, and they’ve opposed it since. They’ve opposed it when they had Judea and Samaria, the West Bank and Gaza in their whole. They didn’t say, let’s start, let’s create a state there. They didn’t say that, because, again, their goal is the destruction of a state. It defies imagination or understanding how intelligent people around the world, okay, including seasoned diplomats, government leaders and respected journalists, fall for this absurdity. It’s so easy to verify, you know. And look at the PA. Okay. Look at the Palestinian National movement today is divided between two forces: The Palestinian Authority in Judea and Samaria, and Hamas in Gaza. Okay. Hamas in Gaza had a de facto state. It had a state and it used it to launch a war of terror against Israel, because their doctrine, that is, that the destruction of Israel should proceed with forceful and direct military and terrorist moves. That’s what they did on October 7th. That’s what they’ll do again if we don’t destroy them. The Palestinian Authority, on the other hand, says, ‘No. First, Israel has to be reduced to indefensible boundaries. You’ve got to get them out. With the ICC, with the UN, with the Security Council resolutions: Drive them to indefensible boundaries and then deliver the blow, because Israel is too strong in its present configuration.’ These discussions are open. They’re held. Anybody─ you don’t need Israeli Intel for it, believe me. You can just scour the web, you’ll find it. Okay. So they have no difference about the goal. That’s why the Palestinian children in Judea and Samaria and the Palestinian children, that is, the Palestinian children under the PA, and the Palestinian children under Hamas are educated with exactly the same textbooks. That’s why the PA calls its public squares against mass killers of Jews. That’s why they have pay for slay: The more Jews you murder, the more you get paid. Or your family gets paid. I mean, so that that’s the crux of the problem. The real reason that this conflict persists is not because of the absence of a Palestinian state, but the persistent Palestinian refusal to recognize a Jewish state in any boundary. Now, when you give them a Palestinian state, when they haven’t abandoned the goal of destroying the Jewish state, all you’re doing is you’re making, you’re bringing the next war closer. Again, Hamas had a state. You just brought the war closer. And if you did the same thing in Judea and Samaria, right above Tel Aviv, enveloping Jerusalem, some say cutting Jerusalem into two, that’s all that’s gonna happen. You’re going to have the radicals again take it over, Iran, take it over, and start a state from improved boundaries, start a war with improved boundaries. That’s not going to happen. I think the solution to this problem is that the Palestinians should have all the powers to govern themselves in the places where they live, and none of the powers to threaten Israel. They should obviously reform their whole education system. They should reform their whole historical outlook and say, ‘All right, you know, we accept that Israel is here to stay,’ not as a fact, as a physical or geographic fact, but as a fact of historical equity. You know, if they want to live here, next to us, they have to stop seeking our destruction. And to give them an independent state, with all the trimmings, is to invite a future war and a certain war. And that’s something that, today the Israeli public forcefully opposes. Before the war, by the way, it was about, you know, a third [for a Palestinian state] / two thirds [against], in the overall population. Probably 60 [against a Palestinian state]/40 for a state. Or even more, against [a state] in the Jewish population. But now it’s changed more dramatically [to more against a state]. I mean, we had a vote in the Knesset, a few months ago, about the possibility, you know, of having a Palestinian state. And the result was 99 to 9. 99 to 9. And that covers a very broad spectrum. And today most of the Jewish public is committed – is against the Palestinian state for the simple reason that they know it won’t bring peace, but it’ll bring war. To have uh, European countries, and Australia, march into that rabbit hole – just like that, fall right into it ─ and buy this canard is disappointing. And I think it’s actually shameful. But it’s not going to change our position. Again, we will not commit national suicide to get a good op-ed for two minutes. We won’t do that. Thank you very much.”

Max 📟

77,213 次观看 • 11 个月前

"Ongoing" - One of the phrases increasingly used next to the term "Nakba" is "Ongoing" as in the recent proposal by Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib. Now westerners assume that the "ongoing" seeks to highlight continued suffering of Palestinian Arabs, but as with so many other phrases that serve as "dual use language" (as Eran Shayshon coined) is that the deep meaning is very different. Once it is known and understood that the real time meaning of the Nakba, as described by Constantin Zureiq as "Seven Arab states declare war in an attempt to subdue Zionism, stop impotent before it, and return on their heels" was the shameful failure to defeat the lowly Jews in war - it becomes crystal clear why it remains "ongoing": As long as Israel exists, the Arab, and especially Palestinian Arab shameful failure to dismantle Jewish sovereignty and "subdue Zionism" remains "ongoing". As long as, per Bevin's quote, the top goal of the Palestine Arabs "to resist to the last the establishment of Jewish sovereignty in any part of the land" remains unfulfilled, their definition of disaster remains "ongoing". In the updated book of The War of Return, "October Return", Dr. Adi Schwartz and I included a dictionary of sort to explore this dual use language. I share it here with you: "This becomes especially clear when analyzing the language of Palestinian identity and that of its supporters around the world. Terms such as “two states,” “justice,” “return,” and “rights” carry one meaning in dialogue between Palestinians and Westerners or Israelis—but an entirely different meaning within internal Palestinian discourse. "Take “two states,” for example. During the years of negotiations, Palestinian leaders—and many surveys—expressed support for the “two-state solution.” Israelis and Westerners reasonably assumed that this meant one state for Palestinian Arabs and one for Jews. In retrospect, we should have checked. For when Palestinians speak of “two states,” they also maintain that millions of Palestinian “refugees” have a right to settle inside Israel. The implication is that the phrase “two states” actually means a Palestinian Arab state in the West Bank and Gaza, alongside a second Arab-majority state that replaces Israel via the mass return of refugees. In effect: “this one is ours, and that one is also ours.” "To this day, no official Palestinian peace plan includes the recognition of a Jewish state on any part of the land between the river and the sea. "It is also worth examining the meaning of a word like “justice”—so frequently invoked in phrases like “a just peace,” “a just solution,” or in the names of organizations such as “Students for Justice in Palestine.” To many in the world, “justice” may simply mean that Palestinians should have a state of their own, or that Israel should not control their daily lives. That is a reasonable interpretation. But it is not the Palestinian one. "For Palestinians, there is only one concept of justice: the reversal of the injustice they associate with the creation of the State of Israel. And central to that “corrective justice” is return—which, by definition, entails the end of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people. "The same applies to words like “rights,” “liberation,” and, of course, “return.” As will become clear in the pages ahead, there is no ambiguity: “return” is the concept that embodies victory over the Jewish state and its elimination. "That is why the butcherty of October 7 was greeted with euphoria."

ד״ר עינת וילף Dr. Einat Wilf

83,590 次观看 • 2 个月前

Chas Freeman: Hamas is a resistance movement which has been resisting for 70 years absolutely outrageous treatment and Israel in many eyes has become an abomination on the face of the Earth. The Israelis have made it very clear—despite what some in the United States are saying—that they have absolutely no intention of ever permitting self-determination for the Palestinians. And yet without that self-determination, Israel cannot enjoy security and the Middle East as a whole will continue to be in a state of chaos. And so the world would like to see a two-state solution. I don’t believe at all that the Israelis wanted this attack but they have taken full advantage of it to do what they always intended which is to try to depopulate Palestine. So they have done this in a particularly brutal and highly objectionable fashion which is justifiably called genocide. And the Israelis simply do not understand that what they have done in response to October 7th has almost completely erased the international outrage that that attracted at the time. And Israel in many eyes has become an Abomination on the face of the Earth. Hamas is a resistance movement which has been resisting for 70 years absolutely outrageous treatment by Israel and the Israeli settlers. And Israel is a government, an elected tyranny, which tyrannizes and terrorizes the Palestinian population with the objective of expelling them from their homeland. No, there is no equivalence at all. What Hamas did is understandable. What Israel is doing is inexcusable. This is the view of the world. But what it has become is evil. And it is recognized as such almost everywhere now. Nobody shares the values Israel is now exhibiting: the racism, the murderous spirit, the utter inhumanity, the defiance of international decency, international opinion, and the rule of law. Nobody, nobody can sympathize with that. The Palestinians are just as entitled to self-determination and the right to defend themselves as Israelis are. You can’t have peace, we have learned, without addressing the Palestinian issue. And Israel remains determined not to address it except in terms of ethnic cleansing. That will not work. The notion that somehow or other the international community or Israel or the United States can wish Palestinian nationalism out of existence and impose a government on the Palestinians that they have not selected for themselves just won’t work. There must be democratic self-determination on the part of the Palestinians, and they, not Washington or Jerusalem or Tel Aviv, will be the ones to decide who governs them.

🅰pocalypsis 🅰pocalypseos 🇷🇺 🇨🇳 🅉

12,134 次观看 • 2 年前

Speaking in the Steel Industry (Special Measures) Bill debate today, we should all focus on the requirement to save the jobs of those 3,500 people who have this threat hanging over them. China is pushing to shut down British steel industries, pushing forward to shut down the blast furnaces in the UK. Far too many countries like China have abused the rules of the free market, have subsidised their industries ridiculously, and have used slave labour to produce products. When that happens, the free market is dead. China now itself is suffering from an overproduction of steel. Their own housing industry has gone static on them, and they were one of the biggest users of the steel produced by China. Where is that steel going to go? It’s no surprise that a Chinese company Jingye is involved in this, because by pushing forward to shut down the blast furnaces in the UK, they know that we will have to buy slab steel from China. This is not a coincidence. This is all part of the plan. We must recognise that we will have to deal with those whom we trust and who do not break the rules. That means a whole rethink of the Government’s China policy. The previous Conservative Government should never have awarded it the contract, and I warned them about that. It is time for us to make sure that we deal with China at face value and do not accept the pretence that this company is private or in any way detached from its Government. That is a critical point. Cheap Chinese steel is a desperate problem for us, and we need to work with other countries in dealing with it. We also need to get our costs down. On Net Zero, I hope that the Secretary of State will tell the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero that we cannot go on like this. #BritishSteel

Iain Duncan Smith MP Chingford & Woodford Green

24,259 次观看 • 1 年前