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This video shows real-time carbon flows inside a mycorrhizal network. Mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with ~ 90% of terrestrial plants and have done so for 400 million years. These specialized fungi provide plants with nutrients and water in exchange for carbon-based exudates the plant produces through photosynthesis.... show more
188,084 views • 3 years ago •via X (Twitter)
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Open access to the paper here: @spununderground....with incredible team @heidi_j_hawkins, @KatieField4, @rachaelcargill, @Mike_VanNuland, @MerlinSheldrake et al.
@spununderground @heidi_j_hawkins @KatieField4 @rachaelcargill @Mike_VanNuland @MerlinSheldrake Thank you!
I wonder what happens to the mycorrhizal tissues in industrial mono-crop and chemically mitigated farming systems. …no doubt a CO2 management issue
Very useful study. Impossible @ least in #NZ to get policy makers to see value of esp. mycorrhiza's potential to create & store carbon both cyclic & millenial recalcitrant forms, and the role farming could play if unfettered. NZ currently ignores soil C in climate mitigation.
@Ruffin_II This is part of why my word was Mycelium, the basis of a Mycorrhizal network. WE ARE Mycelium.
Neural net of the trees. A wonderful and yet not so well understood net.
flow of energy in the form of sugars....not carbon. our language should be more correct not pandering to the reductionist narrative.
@UnlikelyWorlds They are basically the first farmers.
@PabloPastos 👀✨
![From a soil science perspective, Monbiot's opening comments are easy to deconstruct. Either he's unaware of or doesn't understand any of the recent soil & range science that he claims to have read and asserts is so definitively on his side. He also doesn't see to be aware of the full extent of land degradation or how ruminants cycle both nutrients AND microbes. or for that matter how soil organic matter [SOM] is formed. With soil erosion and w/o new SOM formation, there's not going to be much plant succession because soil succession has to happen first. Though Monbiot really has no clue how semi-arid and arid ecosystems work. Most importantly, he doesn't seem to understand, that the enteric CH4 ruminants produce is the same CO2 captured via photosynthesis, converted to a chain of glucose (cellulose) than further converted to SCFA's and CH4 before being broken back down to CO2 and H2O by hydroxyl radicals. This is what I call the PMOH cycle and described in this blog: Per this study, less than 8 to 14% of cellulose cattle consume is converted to CH4 in the rumen: So basically every time ruminants cycle CO2 fixed as cellulose to SFCA's/CH4 back to CO2 & H2O via tropospheric OH, most of the fixed CO2 is converted to other carbon compounds and a lot less ends back in the atmosphere with or without any short of long term soil carbon storage ....though most exuded carbon from plants ends up as necromass (dead soil microbes) which bound to minerals is recalcitrant. Any mycorrhizal fungi networks also are huge carbon pools. 90% of these networks are arbuscular in grassland ecosystems. So here's another paper Monbiot is obviously unaware of: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] networks also access the minerals needed to form MAOM (mineral associated organic matter) which again is more recalcitrant (ie stays in the soil and isn't transient (labile carbon). In healthy soils, also other sources of nitrogen are available thanks to rhizophagy...something Dr. Lal isn't up to speed on. Super oxides produced by plants strip the nitrogen out of the walls of bacteria being consumed (bacteria is about 20% N), plus endophytes (bacteria in plants) produce nitric oxide that when combined with super oxides forms nitrates readily used by plants (see the attached video). So no additional nitrogen has to be added to the ecosystem as an external input. I also discuss that in this blog: AMF are also able to source nitrogen from organic nitrogen (free amino acids). Where do these come from? Again from necromass. This paper deals with that: AMF also reduces N2) emissions: Well managed grazing allows AMF networks to flourish by keeping root systems intact. Grazing the tops off of plants actually redirects carbon in phoelm of a plants vascular network to go into the soil rather than to seed. Ruminant saliva also increases plant growth. Though suppose Monbiot didn't read either of these papers as well: As for rewilding, grasslands had lots of ruminants even in the UK (wisent, auroch, Irish Elk, etc). Both wild and domesticated ruminants emit methane. So as Pablo Manzano 🦋 & 🦣' recent paper demonstrated, grassland ecosystems with domesticated or wild ruminants produce similar amounts of methane. Re-establishing or "rewilding" beavers also increases methane. Why? Up to 53% of all CH4 emissions come from aquatic environments. I cite this source (Rosentreter, J.A. et al 2021) and give more details in this blog: Anyway, if I feel so inspired, I'll take a moment to deconstruct his arguments even further. But as usual, Monbiot has once again demonstrated he's still at the peak of Mount Stupid on the Dunning-Kruger Effect curve. So much of the soil science is relatively new and constantly evolving. Anyone who is so absolute really has no clue what he or she is talking about. Thus anyone who makes absolute and certain claims like Monbiot made is just a zealot with an agenda, not someone who thinks like a scientist. Karl Thidemann Seth Itzkan (cofounder Soil4Climate Inc.) Jamie Blackett John Lewis-Stempel Frédéric Leroy Frank Mitloehner Peter Ballerstedt @ffinlocostain Joanna Blythman Sustainable Food Trust Neal Spackman Savory Institute 🌱🐂🌍 Allan Savory Judith D. Schwartz JayneBuxton Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery Robb Wolf James Melville 🚜 James Rebanks Bear Grylls OBE Carbon Cowboys @glomalin Regenerative Farming Ireland Joel Williams Peasant with a PhD Stuart Meikle Zwartbles Ireland • Suzanna Crampton Gareth Wyn Jones](https://image.24vids.com/tw-1679215513573167105/ext_tw_video_thumb/1679215276708220928/pu/img/7vpZpQKmH0XZgaVK.jpg)
![Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace: "There are three things you need to know to know that [the climate crisis] is false." "First, it is not too hot now. It is one of the coldest periods in the history of the Earth." "Second, CO2 is lower now in the atmosphere than it has been throughout nearly the entire history of the Earth." "The third thing you need to know is that all the CO2 that we are putting into the atmosphere, where did it come from? How did it get in the fossil fuels? By plants pulling it out of the atmosphere, and the oceans. The plankton in the sea, the vegetation on the land, turned into coal, oil and gas." "So all we're doing is replacing carbon dioxide... If there wasn't enough CO2 for the plants, we would all die too... We are replenishing the CO2 to a much better level than it had gone down to. We are the actual salvation of life on Earth." Credit: Patrick Moore Cristian 🇯🇵🇮🇹](https://image.24vids.com/tw-1809547758472167924/ext_tw_video_thumb/1809547675643035649/pu/img/EsR4VzmVIvkOUCYi.jpg)