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US Marines come ashore from a Convair R3Y Tradewind flying boat while on maneuvers in California in 1957 The design was let down by issues with the Allison T40 turboprop powerplant and retired from service the following year

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Allied shipping engaged by 88mm Flak guns during Operation Agreement in 1942 Extended footage including the captured MTB 314 in port: Operation Agreement was a ground and amphibious operation carried out by British, Rhodesian and New Zealand forces on Axis-held Tobruk from September 13th to 14th 1942. A Special Interrogation Group party, fluent in German, took part in missions behind enemy lines. Diversionary actions extended to Benghazi (Operation Bigamy), Jalo oasis (Operation Nicety) and Barce (Operation Caravan). The Tobruk raid was an Allied disaster; the British lost several hundred men killed and captured, one cruiser, two destroyers, six motor torpedo boats and dozens of small amphibious craft. The operation involved an amphibious force of about 400 Royal Marines, 180 infantry from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Captain Norman MacFie), 14 Platoon, Z Company, I Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (Lieutenant Ernest Raymond), and army engineers and Force B (Lt. Col. John Edward Haselden), about 150 SAS approaching from the desert. The amphibious force was split into Force A, supported by destroyers and intended to land the marines on the peninsula north of Tobruk, while Force C, composed of coastal units, was directed towards an inlet east of Tobruk harbour. Force B captured an Italian 152 mm coastal battery but this was quickly retaken by Italian marines from the San Marco Battalion; Haselden was killed in action. Most of the shore batteries and positions remained in Axis hands. Force E, a group of commandos from the submarine HMS Taku failed to set up beacons on the shore to guide the main British force, due to the bad sea conditions. The garrison had been reinforced and the destroyers HMS Sikh and Zulu bringing in the seaborne troops landed them on the wrong beach, far to the west of the intended landing place. The British destroyer Sikh, which led the landing attempt, was hit by Italian 152mm shore batteries and German 88mm anti-tank guns, while taking on troops. Zulu had gone to the rescue but was unable to pull Sikh clear and it eventually sank; 122 members of the crew were reported killed and the survivors, most of them rescued from the water by the retreating amphibious boats, were eventually taken prisoner. On the afternoon of September 14th, while returning to Alexandria, HMS Coventry was badly damaged by German Ju 87 "Stuka" dive-bombers from Crete and 63 crew were killed. Coventry was scuttled by Zulu which was hit by German Ju 87 and Ju 88 dive-bombers a little later. While under tow and 190 km from Alexandria, Zulu sank with the loss of 39 crew. Another landing by Motor Launches and boats, carrying a detachment of Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and a machine-gun platoon of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, whose Vickers machine guns were to defend the perimeter, partially failed to reach the landing point. Because of extremely heavy fire from Tobruk harbor, only two launches, MTB 261 and MTB 314, made it into Marsa Umm el Sciausc, the target cove. MTB 314 became stranded in the shallow water, but MTB 261 managed to land Sergeant 'Dusty' Miller and his group of Fusiliers and sail out. The motor launches ML 353, Ml 352 and ML 349 and 17 MTBs were beaten back by boom defenses and an Italian flotilla of torpedo boats and armed motor barges. Three MTBs launched torpedoes at the naval vessels in harbor, to no avail. ML 353 was set on fire and scuttled, either hit by the Italian warships or strafed by Italian Macchi C.200 fighters, while ML 352, MTB 308, MTB 310 and MTB 312 were lost to Axis aircraft. MTB 314 that was damaged and run aground during the battle was captured by the German harbor R boat, the minesweeper R-10, at dawn, with 117 seamen and soldiers on board. Allied losses amounted to about 300 Royal Marines, 160 soldiers, 280 sailors, the anti-aircraft cruiser Coventry, the destroyers Sikh and Zulu, two motor launches, four MTBs and several small amphibious craft. The Royal Marines suffered 81 killed and the Navy suffered the loss of another 217 men in the ship sinkings; about 576 survivors were taken prisoner. Axis losses were 15 Italians and one German killed, 43 Italians and seven Germans wounded. #flak #88mm #achtkommaacht #antieverythinggun #ww2 #wwii

hw97karbine

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USAAF 14th PRS Spitfire PR Mk XI gunned down at point blank range likely by a Luftwaffe Me 262 jet fighter in 1944 The incident pictured most likely involved Spitfire PR Mk XI PL782 flown by 2nd Lt Robert B Hilborn. The aircraft was intercepted over Lechfeld by Leutnant Alfred Schreiber of Erprobungskommando 262 in Me262 A-1a WerkNr. 110372 "White 3". This latter unit was the first to deploy the Messerschmitt jet and would later form Kommando Nowotny. Hilborn managed to bail out of his stricken aircraft and was taken prisoner. The USAAF insignia on the top of the port wing is clearly visible as the aircraft banks away and both the severe vibration on firing and size of the cannon shell impacts suggest 30mm gunfire consistent with the Me 262's MK 108 battery in the nose, and the jet aircraft would also have been able to comfortably keep up with the fast unarmed photoreconnaissance Spitfire variant at altitude. The 3cm Minengeschoss high-capacity shells were formidable projectiles each containing over 70 grams of high explosive and were designed to detonate within six or so inches of having penetrated the aircraft skin, destroying the aircraft structure in the process and rendering the aircraft unflyable after only a few hits. The amount of debris flying off the Spitfire after only three visible detonations is testament to the devastating effect of such fire. The US 14th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron began to train with British-made Supermarine Spitfire Mk V fighters in July 1943 before equipping with the photographic reconnaissance PR Mk XI variant later that year. The squadron flew combat reconnaissance missions in the European Theater of Operations from August 12th 1943 until April 25th 1945. The squadron's Spitfires flew the majority of the target photography missions, including the first Spitfire reconnaissance mission over Berlin in March 1944, while the other squadrons of the 7th Photographic Group (Reconnaissance) equipped with F-5 Lightnings concentrated on photographic mapping. Deep penetration missions included reconnaissance of oil refineries to determine when repairs had been performed that could justify returning them to Eighth Air Force's target list. The Squadron earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for reconnaissance missions flown over France between May 31st 1944 and the end of June. The squadron flew over 300 successful sorties to support Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. It flew missions over the Netherlands to support Operation Market Garden in October 1944 and conducted damage assessment of Germany until July 23rd 1945. In late 1944, the Spitfires, flying solo missions and relying only on speed and altitude for defense, began to prove vulnerable to the jet powered Messerschmitt Me 262 fighters entering service with the Luftwaffe. A squadron aircraft lost on September 5th 1944 was probably the first Army Air Forces loss to a German jet fighter. Erprobungskommando 262 had been formed in April 1944 at Lechfeld just south of Augsburg, as a test unit (Jäger Erprobungskommando Thierfelder, commanded by Hauptmann Werner Thierfelder) to introduce the Me 262 into service and train a corps of pilots to fly it. This was not Leutnant Schreiber's first go at an Allied reconnaissance plane, while flying over Munich on July 26th he encountered a Mosquito PR Mark XVI of No. 540 Squadron RAF piloted by Fl. Lt. A.E. Wall. Schreiber attempted to shoot down the unarmed Mosquito, though Wall evaded Schreiber's three attack runs and was able land safely at Fermo in Italy after what was the first air to air interception by a jet fighter in history.

hw97karbine

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