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We're excited to introduce Arcee.ai's Trinity Large model. An open 400B parameter Mixture of Experts model, delivering frontier-level performance with only 13B active parameters. Trained in collaboration between Arcee, Datology and Prime Intellect.

178,830 次观看 • 8 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Transformer and Mixture of Experts, explained visually! Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a popular architecture that uses different experts to improve Transformer models. Transformer and MoE differ in the decoder block: - Transformer uses a feed-forward network. - MoE uses experts, which are feed-forward networks but smaller compared to those Transformer. During inference, a subset of experts are selected. This makes inference faster in MoE. Also, since the network has multiple decoder layers: - The text passes through different experts across layers. - The chosen experts also differ between tokens. But how does the model decide which experts should be ideal? The router does that. It is a multi-class classifier that produces softmax scores over experts to select the top K experts. The router is trained with the network, and it learns to select the best experts. But it isn't straightforward. There are challenges! Challenge 1) Notice this pattern at the start of training: - Say, the model selects "Expert 2" - This expert gets a bit better - It may get selected again since it's the "best" - It learns more - It gets selected again in the next iteration - It learns more, and so on! This means many experts can go under-trained due to the overselection of a few experts! We solve this in two steps: - Add noise to the feed-forward output of the router so that other experts can get higher logits. - Set all but the top K logits to -infinity. After softmax, these scores become zero. This way, other experts also get the opportunity to train. Challenge 2) Some experts may get exposed to more tokens than others, leading to under-trained experts. We prevent this by limiting the number of tokens an expert can process. If an expert reaches the limit, the token is passed to the next best expert. Overall, MoEs have more parameters to load. But a fraction of them are activated during inference. This leads to faster inference. Mixtral 8x7B and Llama 4 are two popular MoE-based LLMs. Have you used MoEs in production yet? To dive deeper into how MoE inference works in production, we wrote a full article covering token dispatch, grouped expert computation, model-weight memory, multi-GPU communication, expert placement, load imbalance, and performance diagnosis. Read it below.

Daily Dose of Data Science

55,212 次观看 • 16 天前

We’re excited to introduce ShinkaEvolve: An open-source framework that evolves programs for scientific discovery with unprecedented sample-efficiency. Blog: Code: Like AlphaEvolve and its variants, our framework leverages LLMs to find state-of-the-art solutions to complex problems, but using orders of magnitude fewer resources! Many evolutionary AI systems are powerful but act like brute-force engines, burning thousands of samples to find good solutions. This makes discovery slow and expensive. We took inspiration from the efficiency of nature. ‘Shinka’ (進化) is Japanese for evolution, and we designed our system to be just as resourceful. On the classic circle packing optimization problem, ShinkaEvolve discovered a new state-of-the-art solution using only 150 samples. This is a big leap in efficiency compared to previous methods that required thousands of evaluations. We applied ShinkaEvolve to a diverse set of hard problems with real-world applications: 1/ AIME Math Reasoning: It evolved sophisticated agentic scaffolds that significantly outperform strong baselines, discovering an entire Pareto frontier of solutions trading performance for efficiency. 2/ Competitive Programming: On ALE-Bench (a benchmark for NP-Hard optimization problems), ShinkaEvolve took the best existing agent's solutions and improved them, turning a 5th place solution on one task into a 2nd place leaderboard rank in a competitive programming competition. 3/ LLM Training: We even turned ShinkaEvolve inward to improve LLMs themselves. It tackled the open challenge of designing load balancing losses for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models. It discovered a novel loss function that leads to better expert specialization and consistently improves model performance and perplexity. ShinkaEvolve achieves its remarkable sample-efficiency through three key innovations that work together: (1) an adaptive parent sampling strategy to balance exploration and exploitation, (2) novelty-based rejection filtering to avoid redundant work, and (3) a bandit-based LLM ensemble that dynamically picks the best model for the job. By making ShinkaEvolve open-source and highly sample-efficient, our goal is to democratize access to advanced, open-ended discovery tools. Our vision for ShinkaEvolve is to be an easy-to-use companion tool to help scientists and engineers with their daily work. We believe that building more efficient, nature-inspired systems is key to unlocking the future of AI-driven scientific research. We are excited to see what the community builds with it! Learn more in our technical report:

Sakana AI

360,508 次观看 • 1 年前

HydraFusion Explained. Part I: How does the Copilot engine know what to optimize for? Your prompt is evaluated across 4 dimensions: ➡ Does it require deep reasoning? (aka. reasoning depth) ➡ Is it a sophisticated problem? (aka. code generation complexity) ➡ Is it untangling a complicated mess? (aka. debugging difficulty) ➡ Is it dominated by tool-use? (aka. tool orchestration needs) Based on this evaluation, a HyDRA score is assigned to determine the capability profile your task needs the most and to establish a quality bar. Part II: How does it choose a model? Note: It doesn' t pick one model to handle the entire job e2e, (that's Auto mode). Instead, it selects 1 of 3 execution workflows and assigns the best model at different stages based on the HyDRA score: 1️⃣ Single ⚙️ How it works: A single model completes the task from start to finish. ⚖️ Rationale: The task comfortably meets the quality bar with one model. Multi-model orchestration would add latency and cost with no meaningful quality gain. 2️⃣ Cascade ⚙️ How it works: A lightweight, cost-efficient model generates the solution. This draft is evaluated against a quality gate and if it falls short of the quality bar, the entire task escalates to a stronger, frontier model. ⚖️ Rationale: Only bring in the big guns when there is concrete evidence that a lightweight model won't meet the quality threshold. 3️⃣ Critique ⚙️ How it works: A lightweight model drafts the initial code and tool interactions. An independent, read-only frontier model reviews that draft and provides feedback. The original lightweight model then performs any targeted revision(s) before the final response is sent to the user. ⚖️ Rationale: Writing code (output tokens) is expensive while reviewing code (input tokens) is cheap. Instead of incurring the cost of a powerhouse writing hundreds of lines from scratch, a cost-efficient model writes the first draft, and the frontier model just reviews it and points out fixes. HydraFusion is available in experimental preview on the GitHub Copilot CLI: /experimental on, /model and select Hydrafusion (Research Preview)

Julia Muiruri

12,687 次观看 • 26 天前