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What is the 4-step cricothyrotomy method? This method uses 4 steps: Scalpel-finger-bougie-tube 1. Scalpel to the cricothyroid membrane 2. Finger insertion into the trachea with downward traction 3. Insertion of a bougie into the track with the finger it in feeling for the tracheal rings 4. Insertion of the...

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⚾️ It is no secret that elbow injuries, specifically UCL injuries, have been on a rise in recent years ➡️ The reason for this is so multi-factorial that it is impossible to pinpoint any 1 reason for an injury 💪 With the constant improvement in the development of pitchers, both skill side and S&C, we are seeing an increase in velocity across all levels of baseball 🎟This is obviously a Great thing for Punching Tickets but also leads to more forces being passed through the medial elbow 🔥There are really 3 proactive actions we actions we can take to counteract this: 1) Address pitching mechanics if there are deficiencies 2) Appropriately manage chronic/acute AND Total workloads 3) Increase the capacity and stress the elbow can handle 🔥 We will specifically dive in to the 3rd component of this in this thread. In short, the answer is simple, GET STRONG FOREARMS 3 WAYS VALGUS FORCE IS DISPERSED ✅ Radiocapitellar Joint Compression When a valgus stress is applied to the elbow, it is attempting to open up or gap the medial (inside) portion of the elbow. This is also the Orthopedic Test for a UCL injury. While this force is trying to gap the medial portion of the elbow, it is also compressing the lateral side. When the radius and lateral humerus compress, this acts as a stopping point for the elbow going into that valgus motion ✅ Forearm Musculature In addition to the UCL on the medial side of the elbow, there is also a group of forearm muscles that span that area and attach to the same portion of the elbow, the medial epicondyle. These muscles include: Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Digitorum Superfiscialis, and the Palmaris Longus. With that specific attachment to the medial epicondyle and their respective distal attachments, these do a great job of accepting the valgus force and protecting the UCL. There is some research that states FCU does the best job of the muscles listed, but we believe the best action is to strengthen all of them. The best ways to attack this is with movements including: finger flexion, wrist flexion, Ulnar deviation (moving pinky towards medial elbow), and Pronation of the forearm ✅ Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) What doesn’t get absorbed by the first two structures is placed on the UCL. Previous research has shown that a UCL with no other structures involved is able to withstand ~35 nm of force before failure The Problem is: Every Pitch produces far more than 35nm of Valgus Stress. This shows us just how important the other 2 mechanisms are! * Exercises in the videos should be a complement to your entire S&C Program and is not designed to replace it

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The world"s oldest known spear, the Clacton Spear Point, is 400,000 years old and was probably made by neanderthals in Essex, England. It was discovered in Clacton-on-Sea in 1911. It is oldest known worked wooden implement. It is made of yew wood, shaped into a point, and when found was 387mm long, 39mm diameter and straight, but drying out during the first decades of storage shrank it to 367 by 37mm, and warped it slightly into a curve. Treatment by wax impregnation in 1952 apparently stabilized it. At some time before this, the last 32mm of the tip had broken off and had been re-attached by conservators. This again came off in 2013 and was re-attached. It is on display at the Natural History Museum, London where its age is stated as 420,000 years. Tests to reproduce it suggested that it had been formed by scraping with a curved flint tool of the type found on the same site, known as Clactonian notch. The discoverer was Samuel Hazzledine Warren, an amateur pre-historian, who had been looking for simple stone tools in a known Palaeolithic sediment. He at first thought it to be an antler, but presented it to the Geological Society of London as a spear tip. This identification was generally accepted for some time. However, as it was not a whole spear and the great age meant that it was well before modern humans, many academics doubted that the amount of planning required (to manufacture a spear and use it for hunting) was within the cognitive capabilities of early hominids and argued it was a simpler tool such as a digging stick. However, the discovery of several more complete spears about 300,000 years old, Schöningen Spears in 1995 in Germany, demonstrated this capability, and the Clacton Spear is today generally regarded as a spear point. Natural History Museum. London 🎥© Cosmos University #archaeohistories

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