"Who will own the value created by machines in an automated, decentralized world?" A new ecosystem is emerging, redefining value beyond money. It’s about shared value, freedom, and empowerment. peaq is leading the way. (Estimated reading time: 30 minutes) Ready to dive deep?

In 2017, @peaq was founded by Till, Leo and Max with a clear vision in mind: shaping a future where IoT infrastructure serves everyone, not just the powerful few. In 2020, @peaq officially separated from Advanced Blockchain AG, which was instrumental in developing the technology and expanding the team. The company was born from the question: What will the future look like with all the IoT infrastructure in the hands of a few big companies, when robots will take away many jobs and universal basic income will be integrated? It is not possible to leave all this value in the hands of a few. It is not possible to leave most people with a highly limited free will. Most of us are enthusiastic about change, not afraid of innovation, the age of robots will take away many ‘boring’ jobs in which there is no real need for a human being, so you will have more space for doing what you love. Blockchain can create a future where these machines are hosted in a decentralised and open environment, where anyone can participate and earn from it. @peaq 's long-term vision includes a Universal Basic Ownership (UBO) model aimed at reducing inequality and poverty. Unlike Universal Basic Income (UBI), which relies on government support, Peaq's UBO operates in a decentralised manner directly on its platform. Through this system, users can apply for a unique UBO token that provides them with the right to receive an income in a secure digital currency. This income pool will be financed by the transaction fees of the decentralised applications (dApps) on the platform. A Tidal Impact report predicts that @peaq 's Economy of Things (EoT) platform could generate an impact value of over $1.8bn by 2027. This assessment provides a clear picture of peaq's growth potential, including its alignment with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as affordable clean energy, economic growth and climate action. @peaq 's decentralised infrastructure enables communities to directly benefit from the connected networks of devices, vehicles and robotics, bringing greater accessibility and equity to technology. Key projections in the report include: -$1.81 billion in total projected impact by 2027, -193.2 million projected device owners, each of whom will gain wealth and financial inclusion, -12 billion total economic transactions by 2027. After 7 years of hard work, it is normal to get huge results, in fact @peaq shatters every record, making its launch on @CoinList the biggest in the last 2 years, securing a contribution in excess of $36 million In this market it is crucial to understand the companies that are here to make money, and those who are here to build an infrastructure that aims at long-term sustainability.

Understanding the vision that @peaq follows, it is important to understand why DePINs are central in all this Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs) allow individuals to deploy devices-from AI-driven cameras to renewable energy systems-that provide essential services like traffic monitoring and carbon credit generation. These networks achieve scale, efficiency, and security beyond traditional infrastructure models. Projected to grow to a $3.5 trillion market by 2030, DePINs are making strong inroads in sectors like carbon credits, expected to hit $145 billion by 2030, and shared mobility, anticipated to reach $1.68 trillion by 2027. Additional sectors, such as noise monitoring, are also quickly adopting DePIN technology. At its core, DePIN merges Web3 with real-world applications, where tokens represent not just speculative value but the tangible work of people and machines creating meaningful, demand-driven services. This makes DePIN tokens a more sustainable source of growth and liquidity and less speculative in nature. By focusing on everything real and tangible, DePINs connect Web3 to the real world and the real-world economy, which is pretty much the definition of crypto adoption.

why do you need a specific layer1 for DePINs? A layer-1 blockchain dedicated to decentralised physical infrastructure networks is essential because specialised platforms perform better than generic ones. Just as Yahoo's general approach has given way to niche-focused giants like Google, specialised layer-1 blockchains, designed specifically for the needs of DePINs, are likely to overtake multipurpose platforms like Ethereum or Solana. DePIN projects involve complex networks running real-world machines, requiring unique features that general blockchains may lack. A targeted layer-1 blockchain offers tailor-made support, optimised for DePIN's specific needs, making it a more solid foundation for physical infrastructure projects in the Web3 space.

why should you build on Peaq? 1⃣Incentives : @peaq 's economic model incentivises all stakeholders by giving them voting rights and rewards through $PEAQ tokens. The machines in the Peaq network create real value, which is partially channelled into a treasury pool to be distributed as rewards, provide liquidity, implement smart contracts and encourage community contributions. This model establishes a self-feeding ‘positive reinforcement cycle’: as more machines join the network, value grows for all stakeholders, attracting even more machines and creating an ecosystem that can grow indefinitely and inclusively. 2⃣Standardization : @peaq 's adherence to established standards, such as MOBI Vehicle Identity, simplifies integration and improves interoperability, saving time and reducing complexity. In addition, peaq introduces Self-Sovereign Machine Identities (SSMI), which enable secure peer-to-peer transactions between machines. This compliance framework minimises regulatory risks for developers and users, making @peaq a reliable and adaptable foundation for various EoT applications. 3⃣Focus : From the first line of code, @peaq was designed with one specific purpose in mind - to power the Economy of Things. Remember that the idea born in 2017 was to bring the Internet of Things to the Economy of Things (Here the use of blockchain is essential). 4⃣Interoperability : Peaq is built on Polkadot's Substrate framework, prioritizing interoperability and allowing seamless communication between blockchain networks through Polkadot’s hub-and-spoke architecture. This design makes peaq natively compatible with numerous Web3 projects on Polkadot’s eco-friendly network. Additionally, peaq supports the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), enabling developers to build with both Solidity and ink! languages.

After this introduction, it is time to go into detail. 1⃣Peaq’s core fundamentals. -High Decentralization: With a Nakamoto Coefficient of 90+, peaq is highly decentralized, ensuring security and resilience while aligning with Web3’s core values. -Scalability: Peaq can handle 10,000 transactions per second (TPS) with plans to scale up to 100,000 TPS by 2025, accommodating DePINs’ high transaction demands. -Low Fees: Transactions cost as little as $0.00025, facilitating affordable, frictionless operations for DePIN applications. -Fast Block Times: Initial block times are 12 seconds, with potential future reductions to 0.25 seconds, making peaq suitable for time-sensitive applications. 2⃣Peaq decentralised backend functions; enabling developers to develop DePINs efficiently and at scale. Main features include: -Peaq ID: Provides self-sovereign IDs for machines (like digital passports), developed in partnership with the Gaia-X moveID consortium, ensuring secure interactions for machines across DePINs. Self-Sovereign Machine Identities (SSMIs) are fundamental to peaq's EoT, in which machines transact directly with people and other machines. To facilitate these interactions, SSMIs establish trust through decentralised identification, authentication and verification. Peaq has been developing and testing decentralised identifiers (DIDs) for machines since 2019, collaborating with companies such as NTT for use cases such as secure data access. The identity of each machine consists of two components: -Decentralised Identifiers (DID): unique IDs assigned to each machine. -Verifiable Credentials (VC): Machine attributes, such as permissions or roles, issued by trusted Credential Issuers (CI) within the peaq network or interoperable Web3 networks. To preserve privacy, only a hash representation of these credentials is stored on the blockchain, ensuring that the credentials remain private to the machine or its owner. Forward @peaq has integrated support for the Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative (MOBI) Vehicle Identity (VID) standard, enabling developers in the peaq network to create MOBI VID-compliant decentralised applications (dApps) for vehicles. This integration enables the development of mobility-centric dApps that leverage @peaq 's decentralised infrastructure, allowing vehicles and connected devices to interact, verify and perform transactions. The VID standard, developed by MOBI together with car manufacturers such as Renault, Ford and BMW, provides a blockchain-based identity framework for vehicles, including details such as manufacturer, model and engine serial number. peaq ID allows a machine to exist in the machine economy and thus creates the basis for any machine-machine or machine-person interaction. - Peaq Access: Role-based access control for secure and authorized operations. - Peaq Pay: $PEAQ Pay establishes an efficient and scalable peer-to-peer system for payments and settlement without requiring the involvement of trusted third parties. It allows developers using @peaq to implement secure transactions between two parties using multi-signature escrow wallets, supporting payments within the application for goods and services. For example, an end user can transfer funds from their wallet to an escrow wallet to pay for a service, such as charging an electric vehicle. Once the transaction is complete, the function releases the payment or initiates a refund if the process is interrupted. This increases the security of transactions between sellers and buyers, ensuring that any service provided by a car, such as energy or parking, is fairly compensated by the buyer, making @peaq Pay ideal for any pay-per-use application. Future versions of peaq Pay plan to incorporate a stable medium of exchange to drive sustainable growth within an ecosystem that includes people, machines and other Web3 projects and protocols. -Peaq Store: Web3 data storage for secure data handling in the Economy of Things. -Peaq Verify: Three-tiered machine data verification using cryptography, machine learning, and trusted oracles. -Peaq Agents: Autonomous AI agents for advanced DePIN operations. -Peaq Reward: Enables automated rewards distribution for real-world services within DePINs.

After building a solid architecture, such devastating success was inevitable. @peaq 's ecosystem has grown in a disarming manner in recent months, leading to its launch with the following results: +50 Depin have decided to build on Peaq +1.7 million devices Sector diversification expanding into around 21 industries What I am going to describe here are, in my view, the most interesting integrations, and which in the long term will greatly impact the success of the ecosystem.

is set to establish the standards and infrastructure for next-generation mobility as part of the Gaia-X 4 Future Mobility moveID project, backed by over €20 million in funding. This three-year initiative unites major industry stakeholders to create a secure, connected, and open digital framework for mobility. In this project, @peaq will engage in extensive research and development, being one of the two Level 1 blockchains directly involved. Peaq will enhance its network and digital infrastructure to align with the project’s collaboratively defined standards, aiming to position Gaia-X as the ideal foundation for decentralized mobility applications.

In 2022, @peaq became a member of @dltMOBI , participating in the DRIVES initiative to advance a decentralized economy of things. MOBI unites some of the world’s largest mobility manufacturers and suppliers, including BMW, Ford, GM, Renault, Bosch, IBM, Hitachi, and ZF, alongside startups, governments, NGOs, transit authorities, insurers, toll agencies, smart city leaders, and technology firms. There’s potential for these industry giants to collaborate directly with @peaq in the future.

& @Mastercard Through this program, Peaq will investigate methods for linking Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) with traditional finance (TradFi). While @peaq is deeply rooted in Web3 values, integrating TradFi offers practical benefits as the world transitions from Web2 to Web3. This approach would enhance DePIN’s convenience, making Web3 more accessible to a broader audience. It could also introduce fully regulated payment options for all Peaq-powered DePINs and their users, making DePIN services more appealing for businesses and communities eager to leverage industry innovations. By participating in the Start Path program, @peaq gains the chance to streamline interactions between its DePINs and the fiat system significantly. Additionally, Mastercard's vast partner network offers new collaboration possibilities for Peaq’s ecosystem, fostering creative partnerships between TradFi and the Economy of Things.

In bridging to the corporate sector, @peaq has partnered with four prominent European organizations, collectively valued at over $170 billion, to establish genesis nodes that help secure the network: -Bertelsmann Investments: A global venture capital arm of Bertelsmann Group, with over €1.9 billion in investments supporting entrepreneurs worldwide. -Deutsche Telekom MMS: The IT subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, a top European telecom provider. -Lufthansa Innovation Hub: The innovation driver for the Lufthansa Group, focusing on advanced technologies and digital models. -Technical University of Munich (TUM): One of Germany's top universities, with the DSS Endowed Professorship of Entrepreneurial Finance managing the node as part of its School of Management. These entities support @peaq ecosystem while advancing corporate and academic engagement in decentralized infrastructure.

Capital launched a $100m fund dedicated to supporting DePIN networks. @peaq is a key limited partner (LP) in this fund, reinforcing the growing role of DePINs within Web3. This partnership offers significant benefits for Peaq's ecosystem: -Increased funding: The fund provides new financial support options for projects on @peaq , making it an attractive platform for developers. -Growth of DePIN projects: With the support of the fund, more DePINs are likely to engage with @peaq , creating new collaborations and synergies within the ecosystem. Key partners of the fund include Sean Carey, co-founder of Helium (one of the first DePIN projects to come to market), and Alvaro Gracia, former US investment manager of Telefónica, who add valuable expertise to advance the DePIN industry.

The @Fetch_ai Foundation is uniting AI, Web3 and the Internet of Things (IoT) with a $100m investment to foster innovation in decentralised intelligent automation. This not-for-profit initiative, co-managed by Fetch ai and @BoschGlobal , aims to create a new decentralised economy of intelligent devices that can autonomously generate value. As a member of the Foundation, @peaq will provide its expertise by supporting decentralised physical infrastructure networks (DePINs) for real-world applications. This collaboration enables artificial intelligence-driven automation within Peaq's economy of things, where devices interact and transact autonomously. The partnership is set to benefit developers, companies and users in areas such as smart mobility, energy management, data crowdsourcing and web access.

Honourable mention goes to some of the DePINs that are currently building on peaq or collaborating for a better future of the EoT, such as : -@Farmsent_io the first blockchain completely dedicated to agriculture -@teneo_protocol Connecting real world data with web3 -@charge_xyz , Your EVs friends -@MapMetrics & @NATIXNetwork -@AYDO_AI makes it easy to stream data from any IoT device to DePIN protocols -@penomoprotocol : Own the energy revolution with RWA -@xmaquinanetwork the first-ever DePIN of tokenized autonomous robots, and many more... Although you have not been mentioned previously your work does not go unnoticed, I follow all your updates and am excited to see a bright future for you too!

$PEAQ 's inflation model is designed to be disinflationary, which means that the inflation rate will gradually decrease over time to favour early participants and provide flexibility for community incentives. Starting at 3.5%, the inflation rate will decrease by 10% per year until it stabilises at 1%. This approach aims to balance inflation with the growth of network transactions, creating a sustainable revenue model. The initial offering of $PEAQ tokens is 4.2 billion. The @peaq network uses its utility token, $PEAQ, to support various functions within its decentralised smart contract ecosystem: -Transaction fees : $PEAQ tokens are required for all transaction fees on the peaq network, creating a constant demand for the token. -On-chain governance: Token holders can participate in governance, voting on key decisions that shape the platform, promoting a democratic, community-driven approach. -Node placement: Collators and delegators, essential for blockchain production and censorship resistance, can point to $PEAQ tokens and receive network rewards in return. -Machine reputation system (future utility): $PEAQ tokens will also support a reputation system for machines, where operators point tokens to ensure quality of service. Bad performance may result in penalties (cutting of tokens), while good performance is rewarded, encouraging reliable services.

Peaq's journey began in 2017, when founders Till, @dorloechter and @MaxThake united around a common vision: harnessing blockchain and IoT to address global challenges. By 2020, they parted ways with Advanced Blockchain AG, which played a key role in @peaq 's initial growth, supporting the development of the technology and the team. The team brought together different but complementary backgrounds. Till, a German entrepreneur, has been fascinated by Ethereum since its discovery in 2015, quickly immersing himself in the cryptocurrency world.@dorloechter , also from Germany, met @MaxThake , a Maltese entrepreneur, while working at a software company in Berlin and the three immediately bonded over their shared passion for the transformative potential of blockchain. They initially focused on how best to integrate Web3 with IoT, but soon recognised the limitations of the existing infrastructure in supporting their vision. This insight prompted them to explore how blockchain could be integrated into existing systems. Through collaborations with industry leaders such as Audi, NTT, DMG Mori and Gucci, they developed enterprise IoT applications, gaining a deeper understanding of blockchain's potential to reshape the landscape. This experience laid the foundation for @peaq 's creation of a blockchain designed to support the wide range of applications envisaged for a more connected, blockchain-powered future. @dorloechter From a very young age (around the age of 13) started to become passionate about the entrepreneurial world, his first book Rich Dad, Poor Dad made him realise that there is a different way, a way where you can leave an impact in the world. (As soon as I heard this I smiled because it is also my first entrepreneurial book). Like Leonard, @MaxThake knew early on that he wanted to leave a lasting impact, a desire intensified after reading Richard Branson's biography. His forward-looking approach emphasises that the heart of any successful company is its team. For Max, the young age of his team is an asset, not a weakness; he recognises that although they may lack experience in some areas, they are prepared to work ‘twice as hard’ to fill these gaps. For him, age is just a number: it is dedication and hard work that really count. Till Wendler's entrepreneurial vision took root at university, with a crucial experience in California that shaped him personally and professionally. Back in Germany, he was determined to build something meaningful on blockchain, a path initially inspired by his ex-girlfriend's brother (who was undermining Bitcoin at the time). Later, Till joined Advanced Blockchain AG as head of operations, where he found support for the vision of founding @peaq , all three founders believe that ABAG's support was instrumental in Peaq's initial development, as in a pre-Covid environment, the crypto world was not seen as it is today, and finding support would not have been easy. The team has grown to over 31 members, each contributing uniquely to drive @peaq forward every day.

is not just building technology; it is shaping a new era. @peaq is redefining the Economy of Things, creating an inclusive and sustainable ecosystem where people and machines can thrive together. This is more than a technological revolution; it is a paradigm shift, a bridge to a future that belongs to anyone brave enough to imagine it. Peaq is the energy of this new world, and it is only the beginning.

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