With over 25 zkVMs now in development, the question isn’t just how they scale, but also how they’ll interoperate. This panel from our recent Ethproofs Summit explores how proof verification can be universal, what infrastructure is still missing, why proof markets need transparency, and whether bridges are obsolete in... a zk-native future 🟢 Featuring: 🔹 Carlo Modica, Cryptography Engineer at Lita 🔹 DAC Economy, Co-founder of ZKM 🔹 Norbert Vadas, Head of Product at ZkCloud 🔹 Dominik Schmid, Co-founder of Miden 🔹 Alice Liu, Host at House of ZK Also available on YouTube:show more

Key takeaways from 'The Future of zkVM Interoperability and Proof Liquidity' at the House of ZK @eth_proofs Summit Interoperability Through zkVMs 🔹 Cross-verification of proofs between zkVMs is becoming feasible, potentially enabling applications to verify and compose proofs across chains without relying on message-passing or bridges. 🔹 Recursive verification (e.g. SP1 verifying other zkVMs) could reduce latency in cross-chain communication and remove the need for traditional bridging. Missing Infrastructure 🔹 Middleware and coordination layers (e.g. standardized metadata formats, execution clients, messaging layers) are still largely absent. 🔹 @RiscZero's Bonsai, @SuccinctLabs SP1, and other proof systems with cross-chain verifier deployments were cited as early steps toward composability. Social Consensus > Tech Alone 🔹 Standardization across zkVMs won’t come from infrastructure alone - social coordination among teams is necessary to build common libraries and verifier formats. Prover Market Design 🔹 Randomized prover selection (e.g. @thezkcloud's approach) helps avoid centralization and manipulation seen in auction-based models. 🔹 Proof pricing transparency and predictable performance are critical to supporting L2 finality and incentivizing decentralization. Incentives and Native Assets 🔹 zk-proofs and compute are emerging as “native assets” - not just compression tools, but tradeable objects whose pricing and liquidity dynamics will shape protocol economics. Beyond Bridges 🔹 zkVM interoperability may render traditional bridges obsolete, replacing them with unified liquidity via verifiable preconditions rather than message-passing. 🔹 @ProjectZKM's concept of 'Entangled Rollups' is one example of rethinking cross-chain design without external bridging logic. Standardization Outlook 🔹 Expect convergence around common primitives (fields, hash functions, proof systems), but not a single zkVM standard. 🔹 Divergence will continue for application-specific needs, but market dynamics may consolidate zkVMs into a few dominant architectures based on performance and auditability. New Applications 🔹 Potential for composable identity, decentralized oracles, unified privacy systems, and cross-chain proof aggregation. 🔹 Use cases will evolve as zkVMs become cheap, fast, and interoperable enough to form a shared execution substrate.

Saronic & @VigorIndustrial today announced a strategic partnership focused on rapidly advancing the delivery of autonomous maritime capabilities & strengthening operational support for defense & commercial customers. Learn more:

@eth_proofs Are we really prepared for a world where every zkVM runs in isolation? Without shared verification rails, the interop dream breaks. Proof markets + native composability feel non-negotiable.

@eth_proofs WM

@eth_proofs Fv I g ye,k

SNARK verification on Bitcoin just entered a whole new level 🤝

Great idea. Use BitHash to calculate the output label for each gate, and construct the disprove script further. Garbler commits the entire GC by Taptree, publish the GC meanwhile. Evaluator can disprove by either revealing the wrong garbling error in the Taptree, or calculating the output 0 in the disprove script.

I had a lot of fun chatting with @pumatheuma at @SFOxZo about @SuccinctLabs’ work in real-time proving with Ethproofs, proving networks and their latest integrations! The team put an incredible amount of detail and care into optimizing each layer of their zkVM stack. Tune in to hear all the details:

that one bro who is always in the trenches