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Tanvi Ratna

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Geoecon analyst & Engineer working on the chessboard between Emerging Tech, Economy & State Power | Founder Policy 4.0. | Capitol Hill, EY, G20| Column @FoxNews

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Everyone is focused on U.S.-China tariff rollbacks. But the real shift is institutional - the creation of a "formal committee" to discuss currency misalignment, non-tariff barriers & market access. This is a systemic restructuring that was already foreshadowed by Miran. As I laid out in my episode on The Bitcoin Layer, the U.S.–China economic imbalance—overconsumption vs overproduction—isn’t just a story about Americans being “addicted to debt and consumption.” Miran lays out that it is driven by the structure of the dollar system. Surplus nations like China suppress domestic consumption, overproduce, and accumulate dollar reserves—then recycle them into U.S. Treasuries. This dynamic props up the dollar, hollows out American industry, and sustains a trade imbalance that cannot self-correct. In November 2024, Stephen Miran—now Chair of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers—published a 41-page blueprint for addressing exactly this. He called it a “Triffin World”—where global reserve demand locks the U.S. into permanent deficits, and surplus economies into export dependence. The remedy, according to him? Re-anchor the trade-finance loop: → Align currency values with real economies. → Impose hard constraints on reserve accumulation. → Shift from ad hoc tariffs to systemic recalibration of flows. This new U.S.-China committee is early—but its scope tracks closely with Miran’s roadmap. It won’t make headlines. But it could be where Bretton Woods II begins to unwind—with both sides finally willing to speak in structural terms. He argued that if reserve dynamics don’t change, no amount of tariffs will rebalance global trade. Because what we’re living through isn’t merely a trade dispute. It’s a systemic misalignment—between how value is produced, stored, and consumed. These kinds of imbalances don’t stay economic. Left uncorrected, they become political. And eventually, they become war. What this new committee offers—for the first time—is a venue to rethink the system itself. Here's my clip from the podcast talking about why global imbalances start with the dollar system.

Tanvi Ratna

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