Category Labs is proud to introduce Cadence, our multiple-concurrent-proposers... (MCP) consensus protocol that matches the optimal good-case latency of single-leader consensus while supporting arbitrarily short block intervals. When combined with BTX, our design for encrypted mempools, this represents a significant step towards solving the problem of MEV at the protocol level. In nearly every blockchain today, a single party ends up in control of each block: it decides which transactions get in, and can reorder them at will. MCP is the natural fix, but most recent designs pay for it with a separate aggregation phase, adding two extra communication rounds per block. Cadence makes the proposers part of consensus itself. Its fast path finalizes in an optimal three communication rounds, even when proposers are offline. Cadence also offers speculative finality, similar to MonadBFT, after just two rounds, revertible only if a proposer provably equivocated. In a simulation using estimated network delays between Monad mainnet's 200 globally distributed validators, finalization takes 219 ms on average, speculative finality 167 ms. Cadence pushes pipelining to the extreme: each block is proposed and finalized in its own independent consensus instance, without waiting on preceding blocks. The block interval then becomes a protocol parameter that can be arbitrarily small. At our initial target of 100 ms, a transaction waits on average just 50 ms to enter a proposal, and oracle prices, liquidations, and auctions can update every 100 ms. Cadence dynamically throttles the opening of new instances to bound the number of outstanding slots even during periods of network instability. When the network is healthy (under synchrony), a transaction included by an honest proposer can be neither dropped nor deferred (short-term censorship resistance), and no proposer can see the others' proposals in time to react (hiding). We prove both, together with safety and liveness under partial synchrony at the optimal 3f+1 fault bound. The Cadence protocol is modular: each module is simple on its own, and any of them can be swapped out without touching the rest. Cadence also builds on components already being deployed: proposals are disseminated as erasure-coded chunks over Deterministic RaptorCast, now rolling out on Monad, and validators vote on proposal digests, so voting does not wait for the full data to arrive. Start with the interactive tutorial: Full paper: Joint work by Kushal Babel, Fatima Elsheimy, Lioba Heimbach, Mohammad Mussadiq Jalalzai, Tobias Klenze, Jovan Komatovic, Jason Milionis, Mike Setrin, and Victor Shoup.show more

Dagknight technical progress As would be mentioned in a... still unshared post by Michael Sutton, the dagknight effort is split into v0 devnet, v1 testnet and v2 mainnet candidate. I’ve been testing the current v0-based implementation in a small devnet with the help of some testers who run nodes and miners with me. The DK work can be thought of as split into two parts: (1) implementing the actual protocol and (2) wiring it up and using it. The testing and development over the last month has been focused on (2). Obviously, DK is a consensus change for selecting parents. What’s not so obvious is that such a change affects DAA, coinbase, IBD, pruning and a lot more. Each of these areas is very sensitive and requires proper understanding to wire correctly. An important consideration and difference from GD is that DK does not focus on maximizing a property like blue work. So to maintain topological properties of blue work, an independent (free) GD implementation is kept running specifically for maintaining blue work. This allows us to keep using the property for topology. Coloring and blue score use the megachain induced by DK. The wiring around DK as of this posting is in a working state, but still needs to be reviewed. Next efforts will be focused on protocol specific components, particularly Tie-Breaking and incremental UMC. Attached are some captures from the internal devnet. The dense DAG image is what happens when things related to DAA or other similar consensus parameter causes a node to insist on their POV. The video is a recent snippet of the KGI running on the devnet showing (perhaps not obviously) DK at work. The current “dagknight” branch is now posted on the main repo. A topic in the Public R&D has been opened for Dagknight development.show more

Dear Pioneers 🌏 We are living in a decisive... moment! Pi Network has the potential to become a true revolution in the global financial landscape, but for that to happen, we must act wisely and united. We are millions of Pioneers around the world, driven by the same purpose: to create a decentralized, accessible, and fair financial system for all. The real value of Pi is not determined by the traditional market but by our confidence and engagement. The GCV of $314,159 represents much more than just a number – it symbolizes our conviction about Pi's potential. Our Strength Lies in the Community For Pi to reach its true value, we need to act strategically and with commitment. No great project can sustain itself without the support of its participants. If we want to see Pi shine, we must: ✅ Avoid having our Pi traded on exchanges prematurely, creating scarcity and strengthening its value ✅ Not accept selling it for prices lower than it truly deserves ✅ Acquire and withdraw Pi from exchanges, consolidating its strength in the market ✅ Use it in real transactions, promoting its growth as a global digital currency ✅ Spread awareness and encourage its daily use, expanding its acceptance Each Pioneer plays a crucial role in this process. The more we use and value Pi within the ecosystem, the more it will establish itself as an asset of great global impact. The Future Is in Our Hands We can allow speculators to dictate the value of Pi, or we can take control of our own destiny and ensure that it reaches its true potential. The decision is ours! If we act together, with strategy and determination, nothing can stop us from making Pi Network a milestone in cryptocurrency history. The time is now, and each of us is a fundamental part of this revolution. Let's strengthen Pi together and make the GCV of $314,159 an undeniable reality! Sérgio Cruz, Portugal GCV Ambassador 🇵🇹show more

Monthly WINR Protocol Development Update: To begin with, the... WINR Protocol has distributed $900,000 to token holders, generated more than $500,000 in pure profit for liquidity providers on WLP, acquired more than 5,000 users, and has almost 9% of the supply burned. In the upcoming months, the WINR Protocol, which has been in production for years, will introduce a range of new products and deployments. These developments will represent the practical and technical evolution to V2 of the protocol. Here are the latest updates and further details as they progress: Progress on WINR Bonanza, Casino Hold'em, and Blackjack is nearing completion. These games are in the final stages of testing. Additional games, including a new type of crash game, have been finalized and are set to debut with the JustBet v2 launch. Take a look at the gameplay videos for a preview. These games achieve the long-term goal of providing a full-suite WINR Game Engine SDK, which can be used to build games with complex logic on-chain with modular smart contract infrastructure. For example, any grid slot game that dominates the iGaming industry could easily be developed on-chain using the WINR Bonanza SDK. - Permissionless Frontend Operator SDK Dashboard Release: March is poised to be a milestone month with the launch of the Frontend Operator SDK dashboards. These dashboards will enable any WINR Labs game to be seamlessly deployed on frontends, marking a significant advancement in protocol accessibility and integration for future games developed by independent iGaming developers. The frontend operator can deploy any game they choose through a few simple steps while utilizing 10,000 WINR per game via the WINR Game Factory smart contract. Each operator is assigned a unique smart contract address(es) for every game they deploy, allowing their revenue to be tracked independently. The deployment process includes instructions on integrating the game as a package into the operator's frontend. In subsequent phases, the games will transition through WINR Chain, streamlining user onboarding steps like wallet connection and token bridging to Arbitrum. This abstraction will make it easy for any web2/web3 platform on any chain to seamlessly integrate WINR-based games with just a few clicks. The new budget system changes how the revenue is calculated on the protocol and will see daylight with frontend operator, Solana, and Fantom deployments. This model was first tested with a lightweight version on and gave a lot of actionable feedback. Shifting from the existing bribe model, which in practice distributes almost half of the edge of the games in volume to WINR holders, the brand-new budget system checks the profitability of WLP. It distributes a larger part of the profit to game providers, frontend operators, and, most importantly, WINR holders. Any time a game's budget is in profit, a part of every loss is distributed to stakeholders. Here is an example: 1. The WINR Bonanza Game has a 10,000 budget for a frontend operator. 2. Let's assume the bet amount was $50, and Bonanza paid back $10 on that spin. That leaves $40 of pure profit. 3. This is distributed amongst 50% to WLP, 20% to frontend operators, 20% to WINR holders, and 10% to game providers. 4. To achieve this, V2 of WINR Liquidity Engine (WLP) will have a buffer for purchasing and selling, working in epochs to determine the above distribution and math. - Solana Deployment and Expansions: Solana audits are in their final phase, and frontend tests are ongoing. Solana launch will be alongside the V2 launch of @JustBetOfficial, with a chain switch available on the top bar. The VRF system WINR developed already is seeing requests from builders around the Solana ecosystem, and this will over time add an extra layer of income to the protocol. Solana's bankroll, at first, will be a lighter version of WLP but will inherit the above-mentioned budgeting system to generate income immediately upon launch. - Fantom Deployment and Expansions: Fantom's upcoming Sonic upgrade, with its 200ms finality and fast block production is a perfect chain for WINR Protocol to expand. Through the partnership with WINR Protocol will tap into a brand new user base on Fantom. The bankroll on Fantom will consist of FTM and stables. The launch is planned for late March or early April. This expansion aims to open up new markets and collaborations with fresh teams. which operates independently, will integrate a broad spectrum of WINR technologies, including WINR Account Abstraction, WINR VRF, and WINR games, marking a pivotal step in WINR Protocol’s journey of horizontal expansion. - XAI VRF Deployment Progress Update: The WINR Account Abstraction Wallet and WINR Verifiable Random Function (VRF) deployment on the XAI 🎮⛓️ is well underway, with the majority of the work completed. This step forward showcases WINR's expansion beyond gambling and trading, highlighting the protocol's adaptability and commitment to broadening decentralized services. The process to automize and permissionlessly let game developers start using WINR VRF by paying (and burning) fees in WINR will launch alongside WINR VRF deployment on XAI and expand to further chains to help DApp builders with the tooling they need. This process will work very similarly to frontend operators, where DApp builders will be able to easily deploy their VRF contract, pay the WINR fees, and enjoy the fastest random number generation transaction, as showcased on @JustBetOfficial for some time. - JustBet v2 Development Update: Set to launch in March, the last testing phase with long-time community members of JustBet V2 is underway. Boasting a completely refreshed look, JustBet v2 aims to captivate more users with its modern features, a significant upgrade from the classic JustBet designed in 2019. Expect dynamic animations and a user experience that rivals traditional web2 casinos, setting a new standard for online gambling platforms and serving once again as proof of concept for all the new WINR features and infrastructure set to launch over the coming months. As always, WINR Labs simultaneously develops protocol infrastructure and platform to best address the needs of one and only goal: horizontal expansion. Easter eggs: Upcoming Gitbook update with all the technical information of WINR V2. CEX listing. Detailed product pages on WINR web. Pyth competitions. WIP-4 and WIP-5 are ready to deploy. And an 🪂show more

Thanks to Mr. Woody Lightyear from Africa Nigeria and... Dr. Gharbi Ahmed from Arabic Tunisia extraordinary leadership and hardworking! Also thanks to Chinese community leaders, merchants, pioneers inspiration and real barter huge amount transactions to support GCV ! Thanks to the global community leaders and pioneers support! Now GCV has been acknowledged by most Pi Network global communities and gained a lot of support! Newsway Founded in 2014 by T.I UKENDE, It states:" NEWSWAY can offer you Verifiable information on Blockchain technology and digital assets. We now serve customers all over the world, and are thrilled that we’re able to turn our passion into a well recognized website." The following is today's article passed all over the world Pi Network community from US expertise freelancer Ms. Grace Owell. Thanks to her excellent outstanding article which can see her sharpness and insight to the crypto currency world and understand the Pi Network mission very well!👍👍👍 Pi Network’s Global Consensus Value (GCV) has been making headlines lately, thanks to the initiators who have proposed an amazing price to the Pi community. The supporters of Global Consensus GCV Price have been praised for their efforts in bringing this proposal forward. The GCV builders have worked hard to come up with a fair and reasonable price for the Pi community, and their hard work has paid off. The proposed GCV price of $314159 has received overwhelming support from the community and has been hailed as a significant milestone for the Pi Network. The GCV price proposal is an important development for the Pi Network, as it establishes a standard value for the Pi currency. This value will help the Pi community to measure the worth of their holdings and make informed decisions about buying and selling Pi. The Pi Network’s Global Consensus Value (GCV) is a revolutionary pricing mechanism that is designed to be transparent, fair, and reflective of the true value of Pi cryptocurrency. The GCV price takes into account various key metrics, including the mathematical value for π, user adoption, network usage, and other relevant factors, to determine a fair value for Pi. By using a comprehensive and transparent pricing mechanism, the Pi Network aims to build confidence among users and investors, while also promoting greater adoption of the Pi cryptocurrency. Importance of the Global Consensus Value (GCV) Price Here are some of the key importance of the GCV Price: Standardized Value: The GCV price establishes a standardized value for the Pi cryptocurrency, which helps users to measure the worth of their holdings and make informed decisions about buying and selling Pi. Fairness and Transparency: The GCV price mechanism is designed to be fair and transparent, taking into account various metrics such as user adoption, network usage, and market demand. This builds confidence in the Pi Network among users, investors, and regulators. Increased Adoption: A trustworthy and reliable GCV price can attract more users and investors to the Pi Network, leading to greater adoption of the Pi cryptocurrency and increased usage of the network. Long-Term Stability: A stable and reliable GCV price can help to build a more stable and long-term ecosystem for the Pi Network, ensuring its success and growth over the long run. Integration with Wider Financial Markets: A standardized and transparent GCV price can help the Pi cryptocurrency to be more widely accepted and integrated into the wider financial markets, providing greater opportunities for its use and adoption. The Pi community has responded positively to the GCV price proposal, with many users expressing their support for the proposed Pi Network remains strong and stable. The Global Consensus Value is an important step forward for the Pi community, and it is a sign of the network’s growing maturity and stability. Pi Network #PIGCV #PiNetworkshow more

Day 12/90 of Inference Engineering What is chunked prefill... within vLLM? In continuation of yesterday's post on the high level architecture of vLLM, I want to dive deeper into vLLM core engine starting with the mechanics of chunked prefill. In this post, I will closely follow the original blog on the anatomy of vLLM. To start, let's define chunked prefill. It's a runtime inference optimization technique that splits a long input request so that it doesn’t monopolize the whole GPU. Keep in mind this is all within the context of vLLM. And since vLLM is an inference engine that's meant to serve a model to multiple concurrent users, having a GPU that’s fully monopolized on a single user's request means other users' requests would be in queue waiting to be processed. It isn’t too good to have the whole GPU occupied on a single request when the GPU is meant to be shared! So the key idea behind chunked prefill is to break the long request into smaller chunks, so that each chunk along with other users' requests gets processed and written into the KV cache together. Suppose we split up the long request into chunks and each chunk has 8 tokens. Now each memory block can hold 4 tokens. Therefore, 8 tokens can fit into 2 blocks of memory. After the first forward pass, 2 blocks are occupied, and after the second forward pass, 4 blocks of memory are occupied and so forth. Each forward pass handles a small chunk of the long request so that there's room in the same pass to keep serving other users' requests. Here's a small animation that I made today to fully visualize the idea behind chunked prefill when learning this topic~show more

OFFICIAL: DG-2 TESSIE UPGRADE GUIDE: 1. Using abomination beams,... destroy one of the purple plant-like things in the fog. It will drop a ton of salvage and an item. 2. Grab spore jar from the Blackwater kitchen and put it on the dead horse infront of the Vandorn Farm. Wait three rounds. Grab the mushroom from its corpse. 3. Use the saw trap on a Ravager to get its eyes. 4. Kill a bear with the abomination beams to get its limb. 5. There's a mirror that damages you in Ashwood. Use a wisp to activate it then use necrofluid gauntlet to smash it to get powder 6. In the Vandorn Farm, use a tomahawk on a hanging corpses foot to get the foot. 6. Interact with the powder on the table in Yuri's Lab in the Cosmodrome. It will start smoking. There will also be a cipher on the wall. -When it turns grey, that means you can choose an order to put the ingredients in. When it's black, that means you are out of attempts. 7. Decode the cipher using this key (first two "letters" of each code): CL = eye L(upside down L) = tentacle C J = foot 8. Click on each ingredient in order (top to bottom) and then interact with the flask to give your blood. A lockdown sequence will start. 9. You will now need to grab three glowing keys using the WW and bring them to the floating red pyramid thing in the Rabbit Alley in ashwood. Note: the keys can be incredibly hard to spot sometimes. Spawns: Ship (glowing green key): -One is on the top of the ship in a window -One is in the corner of a blue shipping container -One is underneath on one side of the ship between two barrels Crashed Rocket (glowing yellow key): -In the crashed pylon -To the right of a car crash on the cliffside (near the Ashwood gate) -On the corner ontop of one of the array buildings Orda Graveyard (glowing red key): -In the mouth of the top T-Rex -Back of the skull of the bottom T-Rex -Next to the back of a Janus Towers car Once all keys are in, a cutscene will play and the DG2 will spawn. Last three images are examples of key locationsshow more

Brainrotting teens watching short form memes so much to... the point that parts of the fragments of other memes become even more short form and get colluded in other memes to the point that it really doesnt make sense. However. Brain loves pattern recognition of these patterns and nonsensical randomly shown fragments of memes, because it is not long form reward, nor short form reward — but instantaneous; it is the only form of pleasure it can feel So brain tries to look for these patterns unconsciously, it sees patterns and similar resemblance in random things and adds a symbolical emotional labeling of truth to it. So everything becomes a piece of information and data. It gets stored in their subconscious brain and fires up everytime there is a resemblance. Extremely dangerous if weaponised but no one sees the patterns yet. However because of these pattern behaviours teens are split into two categories, the brainrots which God knows how it will end with them — consumers and slaves that later on might have no free will and be driven by pure chemical instinct. And those who see for truth in patterns. The latter is able to overcome modern day censoring and freedom of speech mechanisms, and possibly overcome the evil trying to control the world with pure silliness and having fun. (67 is part of a random pattern that someone said during a match score, and it became viral, nothing more but a collective participation to which youth finds identity by being and acting in it; “performing”) Its beauty lies not in the act but in those individuals that look beyond the chemical instincts of the lower mind. Example of the video below. It shows many fragmental elements of history, symbolism, that is collaged into art. Which by being seen individually or collectively it shows the expression on how man uses its own soul for these kind of co-creations he choses to participate in creation. Symbolism that can leave a person ask for its meaning and search for it, only by questioning himself not by a direct answer (short or long form). Of course which extreme beauty there is also extreme ugliness which are out there which I wont show here Lets see how it really turns out to be honest, West has no protection toward the subjective, the feminine, the subconscious. To which the inner sins of man try to exploit.show more

It's here - Avail's Clash of Nodes incentivized testnet... is officially up and running! 🌟 This is a major step towards Mainnet, with a chance for validators, light clients, and everyone to test our network, earn points, and more. Ready for a journey? Here's what's ahead... We’re calling all validators, light client enthusiasts, and blockchain buffs -- Clash of Nodes is your playground. Rack up points, top the leaderboard, and embrace the challenges for a mix of fun and potential perks to come. We’re looking for those who’ll step up to the challenge: • Validators who consistently validate the chain throughout the testing period • Full nodes and light clients who complete challenges to mimic a world full of rollups on Avail • Brave validators and participants who help us simulate disaster scenarios Dive into the Details: Here's a snapshot of the specific challenges that await in Clash of Nodes. 🛡️ Gladiator's Entry: Show your mettle by becoming a block authoring champion. Outlast and outperform, one block at a time. The more you author, the higher you score. ⚖️ Noble Warrior: Uphold the validator's code. Stay active, avoid penalties, and keep your record clean. Honor earns points, while lapses cost you. 🔍 Finding Yourself: Embrace the quest of self-discovery by adding and verifying your identity. Prove who you are and carve your name in the annals of Avail. Each challenge is your chance to shine and shape the future of Avail. Here's the game plan: 1️⃣ The first invites will go to our existing validators from the Kate Testnet. Their unwavering support earns them the vanguard spots. 2️⃣ To the newcomers: Every validator will get their turn as we're setting the stage for 300 in this testnet. 3️⃣ We’ll share more challenges on how anybody of any technical ability can participate. Remember, we're still in test mode. Expect the occasional hiccup during the testing phase. Your insights are essential to building a robust Mainnet - even if that means taking on some big bugs. 🚧 To every blockchain visionary, from validators to app rollup devs, you're the architects of this rollup revolution. We’re excited to see what you build, and how you compete. Read more: 🛠️🚀show more

Through the significance of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's unified... weights and measures in Chinese history and the purchase price of Lu Hua's unified snake venom, we can get some inspiration: 1. The price of Pi needs to be unified, and only unification can make Pi really circulate well. 2. Only a unified price can attract merchants and supplier platforms to participate in the development of the ecosystem. Without a unified price, most suppliers will only wait and observe or take out a small product input so it is difficult to achieve ecological prosperity or it will take very long time. 3. When the supplier is a business entry, it involves the preparation of financial statements and tax returns, which require a uniform price to accept for the management of the state. 4. If the price ranges from 1 cent to 310,000$ or even higher to 1 million$, it is an unfair and dangerous competitive environment for higher price suppliers. They cannot convince their companies to enter the Pi network to participate in the ecosystem. Also when most merchants or suppliers or eco platforms united the price, it will attract outside eco business enter in to create eco cycle to use Pi as payment and no need to exchange to FIAT. So why do suppliers pay $314,159 and others use 1 cent price? If you think about it, you can understand why that the price of the Pi is 1 cent, $1 or $100. Only those who want to buy want a low price, this is common sense. Why do many merchants actively support GCV? Don't forget that themselves are pioneers. Many people make mistakes in logic when looking at the relationship. Pioneers and merchants are not only the relationship as buyers and sellers but also they have same interests. The reason why sellers are willing to use GCV price is that they think Pi is scarce and precious and they have Pi in their hands. They hope to realize the vision of Pi by their own efforts. If everyone barters for $1 for $1 and $100, can the mainnet be opened? What are the risks of opening the mainnet? Will it cause Pi to fail to realize its vision or becoming the next Bitcoin? Now whether it is a low consensus or a high consensus merchant as long as they have Pi in hand you should come to sit together to discuss to unified price. Pi Network #WhatIdoforPi #PiGCVshow more

🚨 Protocol Update #9 It's incredible how time flies... when you’re laser-focused on building and delivering the essential products that form the backbone of decentralized finance. Hatom has now been live on the Mainnet for over a year, and we're proud to say that this entire period has been free of issues or downtime. Our platform has been battle-tested during volatile market conditions, and each of our products has performed exactly as expected—solidifying our place as a cornerstone in the #MultiversX ecosystem. Describing last year as “incredible” feels like an understatement. We’ve witnessed unprecedented growth across the entire #MultiversX ecosystem, particularly in terms of TVL and yield opportunities. The day before Hatom launched its Lending Protocol and Liquid Staking on Mainnet, #MultiversX had a total TVL of $95 million. Within two weeks, the ecosystem surpassed $200 million in TVL, with Hatom driving over 50% of that growth. At its peak, Hatom reached over $280 million in TVL, accounting for more than 70% of the chain’s total TVL. What's even more remarkable is that, after initially using Treasury funds to incentivize users, Hatom has shifted to distributing rewards solely from protocol revenue. This marks the start of a fully sustainable, real-yield model, proving our products' rapid product-market fit and long-term viability. A Recap of the Past Year Here’s a quick overview of what we’ve accomplished in the past year: • Launched the first Lending Protocol in the #MultiversX ecosystem, along with the Liquid Staking Protocol on Mainnet. • Surpassed $100 million in TVL within just five days of the launch. • Deployed the HTM Booster Module and Accumulator. • Launched the Tao Bridge and Tao Liquid Staking, bringing over 33k $TAO into the #MultiversX ecosystem in just two weeks. • Implemented multiple upgrades to core infrastructure. • $HTM became the second-largest ESDT token after $EGLD. • Distributed over $3.85 million in rewards to our users. We are happy to announce that Hatom V2 is now live! After an incredible year of growth, we’re excited to take the next step toward becoming the leading liquidity hub across multiple chains. We invite you to explore our newly rebranded website at marking the beginning of our omni-chain journey. This rebranding reflects our bold vision and sets the stage for a full overhaul of our dApps, delivering a fresh and enhanced experience for all users. Achieving self-sustainability in such a short time, we now focus on research and development. Instead of pursuing many ideas, we’re committed to building high-impact products that create perfect synergies within our ecosystem. With that said, let’s dive into the key topics of this update: USH and Booster V2. Hatom USD (USH) We’ve highlighted USH in several updates, and it’s great to see the community recognizing its potential. USH is set to be one of the most impactful products on #MultiversX, providing a key revenue stream for Hatom while helping us maintain competitive rates and long-term sustainability. USH is the result of extensive research and careful development, designed to seamlessly fit into the Hatom ecosystem. While many DeFi projects are raising millions for new stablecoins, USH stands as another powerful product within our hub. The time has finally come for USH to be unveiled to the public, and we are excited to announce that USH will officially launch on Devnet on 28th October. While we’ve thoroughly tested for bugs internally, we’re excited to engage the community in this critical phase. To encourage participation, we’ll offer incentives for those testing USH on the Devnet, with more details to be shared at launch. Understanding USH's architecture is key to how it functions within our ecosystem. Let’s break it down step by step, starting with an explanation of each component. Facilitators USH’s minting process is driven by Facilitators—smart contracts responsible for the controlled minting and burning of USH. At launch, two primary facilitators will handle these tasks, each with distinct functionality: 1. Lending Protocol Facilitator The Lending Protocol Facilitator allows users to mint USH using a variety of supported collateral assets directly into the Hatom Lending Protocol. Unlike traditional lending mechanisms, where interest rates fluctuate based on the utilization rate, the minting of USH has fixed interest rates, thanks to Hatom's unique role as the entity managing the minting process. In a scenario where a user is minting USH through this facilitator using multiple assets as collateral, the protocol automatically prioritizes collateral with the lowest Minting APY. Let’s consider an example where a user deposits: - $1,000 in USDC (with a collateral factor of 80% and a 2% Minting APY) - $1,000 in BTC (with a collateral factor of 75% and a 3% Minting APY) - $1,000 in HTM (with a collateral factor of 70% and a 4% Minting APY) Based on these parameters, the user can mint a maximum of $2,250 worth of USH, distributed as follows: - $800 from $USDC (80% of $1,000) at 2% Minting APY - $750 from $BTC (75% of $1,000) at 3% Minting APY - $700 from $HTM (70% of $1,000) at 4% Minting APY The overall Minting APY will be a weighted average of these individual APYs, calculated based on the proportion of USH minted from each collateral type. Now, if the user decides to borrow only $1,000 worth of USH, the APY is determined as follows: - The first $800 will be borrowed from $USDC at 2% APY - The remaining $200 will be borrowed from $BTC at 3% APY This results in an effective Minting APY of 2.2%, reflecting a weighted average of the APYs across the borrowed amounts. It’s important to note that EGLD and wTAO, along with their liquid staking derivatives such as sEGLD and swTAO, can only be used as collateral in the Isolated Pools (which will be explained in the next section), not in the Lending Protocol 2. Isolated Pools Facilitator The Isolated Pools Facilitator allows users to mint $USH at zero interest using $EGLD, $wTAO, or their liquid staking derivatives ( $sEGLD or $swTAO) as collateral. Here’s how it works: When depositing EGLD or wTAO • These assets are staked through the Hatom Liquid Staking Protocol, generating the staking APY. • The staked assets are then deposited into the Lending Protocol, earning a supply APY, but are not activated as collateral. When depositing sEGLD or swTAO • When users deposit staking derivatives into the Isolated Pools, the protocol holds the staking derivatives, but the user's exposure is immediately shifted to the underlying asset ( $EGLD or $wTAO). This means the user no longer benefits from the staking rewards of the derivative, and instead, their exposure is entirely tied to the value and price movements of the underlying asset. • The staked assets are deposited into the Hatom Lending Protocol, earning the supply APY, but again not being activated as collateral. Since the protocol generates revenue from staking and supplying assets in the Lending Protocol, this income is used to incentivize the USH Staking Module. The protocol buys HTM tokens from the open market and distributes them, along with all fees generated by other facilitators, as rewards to stakers. We believe that the Isolated Pools Facilitator is one of the most important pieces of the USH ecosystem. Its potential impact on the TVL within both the Hatom ecosystem and the broader #MultiversX blockchain is immense and the revenue generated by this facilitator through fees will significantly bolster the overall growth of the protocol. To illustrate the potential of Isolated Pools, let’s use the following example: • $50 million worth of $EGLD is deposited into the Isolated Pools, generating a 6% staking APY • $50 million worth of $wTAO is also deposited, earning a 15% staking APY The total staking rewards generated from these assets would be: • $EGLD staking rewards: $50 million × 6% = $3 million annually • $wTAO staking rewards: $50 million × 15% = $7.5 million annually In total, the protocol generates $10.5 million in staking rewards annually. These rewards are then used to buy back HTM tokens from the open market, driving significant buying pressure on the HTM token itself. The purchased HTM tokens are distributed to USH LP stakers in the USH Staking Module, alongside the revenue generated by the Lending Protocol Facilitator. TVL and Yield Impact As we explore the broader impact of USH and the Isolated Pools, it becomes evident how these mechanisms contribute to the overall growth of the Hatom ecosystem, particularly in terms of TVL and potential yield generation. Based on the above numbers, if $50 million worth of $EGLD and $50 million worth of $wTAO are deposited into the Isolated Pools with a 75% collateral factor, we could mint up to $75 million worth of $USH. However, to prioritize safety, we’ll mint only 50% of the maximum, resulting in $37.5 million worth of $USH. In an ideal scenario, but also very unlikely, the $37.5 million $USH would be deposited in the Staking Module to generate rewards. In order for $USH to be deposited in the Staking Module, it is paired with another token (e.g., $USDC or $EGLD) to form Liquidity Pool (LP) position, contributing $75 million to the USH Staking Module. Additionally, the $100 million deposited in the Isolated Pools cycles through Liquid Staking and into the Lending Protocol, contributing a total of $300 million in TVL. Total TVL Breakdown: • $300 million from assets flowing through Isolated Pools ($100m) → Liquid Staking ($100m) → Lending Protocol ($100m) • $75 million from LP positions in the USH Staking Module Total TVL = $375 million As mentioned above, the $100 million deposited in Isolated Pools generates approximately $10.5 million annually in staking rewards (6% APY from $sEGLD and 15% APY from $swTAO). If all minted $USH is deposited into the Staking Module, the $75 million staked would benefit from these rewards, resulting in a 14% APY for USH LP stakers. On top of the protocol’s rewards, liquidity providers earn additional fees from their LP positions on decentralized exchanges, creating the perfect opportunity for all the participants in the USH Staking Module looking for attractive yields. USH Stability: The Peg Mechanism Ensuring the stability of USH is paramount, and to maintain its value close to $1 under all market conditions, we’ve implemented a robust dual peg mechanism. This system consists of two key layers of protection—Soft Peg and Hard Peg—designed to keep USH stable through both market-driven incentives and other mechanisms for scenarios where the Soft Peg mechanism can’t reclaim the peg. 1. Soft Peg Mechanism The Soft Peg Mechanism helps keep USH stable around its $1 value by encouraging market participants to act when USH trades above or below $1. When USH trades below $1 Users can buy USH at a discount, on a DEX, and repay their USH loans on Hatom, as USH is always valued at $1 on the protocol. This action removes $USH from circulation, helping to restore its price. When USH trades above $1 Users can borrow USH from the protocol at $1 and sell it on the open market at the higher price, increasing the circulating supply of USH and pushing its price back down to $1. 2. Hard Peg Mechanism (Redemption Mode) In cases where the Soft Peg alone cannot restore USH to $1 and its price drops significantly below the peg, the Hard Peg Mechanism is triggered through Redemption Mode. This mechanism allows any market participant to step in and help restore the peg by repaying USH loans for other borrowers, seizing their collateral at the full $1 value. It's important to note that Redemption Mode is only activated in the Isolated Pools and does not impact users minting USH through the Lending Protocol. Here’s how Redemption Mode works: When USH trades below $1 and the Redemption Mode is activated, redeemers can buy USH at the lower market price (e.g., $0.95), and use it to repay borrowers' debts at the full $1 value within the protocol. The redeemer receives collateral in the form of liquid staked tokens(such as $sEGLD or $swTAO) equivalent to the USH they repaid at its full $1 value, profiting from the difference between the discounted purchase price and the redemption value. The borrower being redeemed also benefits by receiving a redemption bonus, which allows them to keep a portion of their collateral after part of it is seized after loan was repaid. This system ensures that borrowers are not penalized during redemption, creating a balanced mechanism where both the redeemer and the borrower have something to gain. Redemption Mode differs from Liquidation in several ways: Redemption is triggered by USH falling below $1 and involves repaying borrower accounts to restore the peg. Both the redeemer and the borrower benefit, with the redeemer profiting from the price difference, and the borrower receiving a bonus from their collateral. Liquidation occurs when a borrower’s collateral falls below a certain threshold, making them risky. During liquidation, a portion of the borrower’s loan is repaid, and the collateral is seized, while also incurring a liquidation penalty. Redemption Mode uses a data structure known as a Red-Black Tree to efficiently monitor and rank all borrower positions within the protocol smart contract itself. This structure dynamically tracks borrowers based on their Borrow Limit Used, which is the percentage of collateral they have utilized relative to their borrowing capacity. The system prioritizes borrowers with the highest Borrow Limit Used, meaning those who have borrowed the most relative to their collateral are considered first for redemption. USH Airdrop Regarding the USH Airdrop, we would like to inform you that snapshots will end once USH is deployed on the Public Mainnet. The airdrop will be concluded shortly after, once all liquidity pools are stable and we determine the optimal moment to distribute the rewards to the community. USH Staking Module & Booster V2 The USH Staking Module will play a critical role in maintaining deep liquidity for USH while offering users high-yield opportunities. By staking USH LP tokens, such as USH/USDC and USH/EGLD, users can earn rewards generated by USH facilitators. This approach strengthens USH’s liquidity pools, making them robust enough to handle significant trades without destabilizing its price, thus reinforcing USH’s peg and overall stability. Beyond creating robust liquidity, the USH Staking Module serves as the key utility module within the USH ecosystem, designed to provide users with an opportunity to earn high yields on their USH holdings in a sustainable and organic way. All rewards distributed through the module are generated by various products across the Hatom ecosystem, ensuring long-term sustainability. For users seeking a more stable yield, the USH/USDC LP provides lower risk and steady returns. Those looking to leverage their EGLD holdings can opt for the USH/EGLD LP, which can be staked in the USH Staking Module. A key advantage of staking in the USH Staking Module is that rewards are based on the full value of the LP, not just the USH portion, maximizing your yield potential. As we continue to grow, we’ll be adding more LPs, providing users with even greater flexibility and options for staking their USH in the module. While our current focus is on LP tokens, we’re also exploring the possibility of allowing direct USH staking in the future, expanding the staking opportunities across the ecosystem. The Integration of Booster V2 with the Staking Module Booster V2 will be available for testing with the USH Devnet release, and with its introduction, we’ve strengthened the relationship between the HTM token and USH. Our ecosystem now features two independent boosters: one for the Lending Protocol and one for the USH Staking Module, each operating with the goal of maximizing yields for users. Key Improvements in Booster V2 Booster V2 brings several enhancements that elevate the functionality and user experience: Support for Multiple Token Types: Users will be able to deposit Pool Tokens, Farm Tokens, Dual Farm Tokens, or Staked HTM Tokens (via xExchange). Only the HTM portion will be considered for boosting. Unlimited Staking: The cap on HTM deposits will be removed, allowing users to stake without limits. This will foster a competitive environment where the more HTM you stake, the higher your potential APY. Integrated xExchange Management: Users will be able to manage their xExchange positions directly from the Booster dashboard. This will include creating pools, farming, dual farming, and staking HTM tokens, all from one convenient dashboard. Energy Management Integration: Booster V2 will allow users to manage their xExchange Energy directly from the dashboard, providing an additional way to boost rewards even further. Seamless Migration: Users will be able to migrate HTM between the Lending Protocol Booster and the USH Staking Module Booster without any cooldown periods, making it easier to optimize strategies across both modules. How the Yields Work Booster V2 will introduce a more structured and competitive approach to yield distribution across both the Lending Protocol and the Staking Module. HTM Booster in the Lending Protocol Base APY (First Batch): This is available to all users who stake a specific percentage of HTM relative to their collateral value. Any user can achieve this Base APY by staking the required amount of HTM. Boosted APY (Second Batch): After achieving the base level, users can boost their returns further by staking additional HTM, competing for the second batch of rewards. The more HTM staked beyond the base threshold, the higher the potential yield. USH Staking Module Yields Staking APY: Users who deposit USH-related LP tokens without boosting through the HTM Booster will still receive a Staking APY. This ensures that even passive participants which are not looking to stake their HTM in the Booster can take advantage of the USH Ecosystem to generate yields. Booster APY: Similar to the system in the Lending Protocol, users can stake HTM to unlock a Base APY. Beyond this threshold, any additional HTM staked will increase their APY in a competitive manner, allowing users to maximize their returns based on the amount of HTM they commit to boosting their positions. Rollout Plan for USH USH will be deployed in a phased rollout to ensure smooth implementation: Public Devnet: Open for testing, with incentives for participants to explore and stress-test the platform. Private Mainnet: A limited launch with partners to mint USH, bootstrap USH liquidity and generate initial protocol revenue. Public Mainnet: A full-scale launch, enabling all users to mint, stake, and trade USH. We know DeFi can be complex, which is why we’re committed to providing the tools and resources needed to navigate our ecosystem. With the USH Public Devnet launch, we’ll release updated documentation offering clear guidance on Hatom’s products. Developer documentation is also in the works, and we’re exploring the idea of a Hatom Academy for educational resources. Plus, we’ll soon roll out content focused on USH, helping users fully tap into its potential within Hatom and the MultiversX ecosystem. What’s Next? Hatom Pulse As Hatom grows, our focus remains on pushing DeFi boundaries while expanding across multiple ecosystems. Although this update doesn’t include a full roadmap—that will come later—our priority is clear: expanding Hatom across chains. To stand out in the competitive DeFi landscape, we’re committed to developing standout products. With that in mind, we’re excited to give you an exclusive preview of one of our most innovative products in development: Hatom Pulse. Over-collateralized non-custodial lending protocols, liquid staking, and over-collateralized stablecoins already exist on #Ethereum. What sets us apart is the synergy between these components within a unified ecosystem. By integrating these pillars, we tackle capital inefficiencies, allowing one protocol to enhance strategies that benefit the others, maximizing returns across the board. For example, when USH is minted, it means that EGLD is deposited, liquid-staked, and supplied in the lending protocol—all three protocols working in harmony. Hatom Pulse will elevate this synergy to another level, solving key issues faced by Aave, Compound Labs , and other leading protocols. We believe this innovation will be pivotal as we work to gain market share while expanding cross-chain. Our proof of concept will be deployed and battle-tested on #MultiversX, but the real growth will come when we scale this to markets that are thousands of times larger. This will be a turning point for Hatom. So, what is Hatom Pulse? On Hatom, like on Aave and other leading lending protocols, the largest assets used as collateral are often not borrowed, leading to substantial revenue loss for the protocol. This also results in very low income on the supply side, as borrowing fees depend on utilization rates, which only increase when borrowing activity rises. Generally, lending protocols are used to provide assets for borrowing stablecoins or for leveraging liquid staking strategies. This inefficiency locks up billions of dollars in dormant assets, and users earn very low supply rates on their collateral, which doesn’t help offset their loan interest. Hatom Pulse is designed to address these inefficiencies by leveraging the synergy between our existing products. It creates sophisticated vaults that activate dormant assets, unlocking advanced yield opportunities through a delta-neutral strategy. By utilizing assets like $EGLD, $sEGLD, $wTAO, and $swTAO, Hatom Pulse enables users to engage in delta-neutral strategies, where we long and short these assets on (CEXs), earning funding rates and staking rewards while keeping their assets intact. (The exact strategy, along with all the details, will be shared once USH is fully established). Initially, these vaults will operate on CEXs, where liquidity is highest, and will be managed through custodians like Copper.co to mitigate counterparty risks. Later, we plan to extend this to DEXs where all operations will be governed by smart contracts, ensuring full decentralization. serves as a strong proof of concept for us in this regard. However, our strategy will differ, as our focus will be on protecting the unit value, rather than the dollar value. Although Hatom Pulse is still in its research phase, early estimates suggest that this product alone could generate over 18% annual returns on $EGLD and more than 35% on $wTAO, with what we believe to be minimal risk. It’s important to note that these figures reflect current metrics based on internal calculations and may slightly differ upon product launch. But imagine reaching this on #Ethereum, while allowing users to borrow using their assets—this could be a disruptive protocol. We believe Hatom Pulse has the potential to become a cornerstone product as we transition into an omni-chain future. In a competitive DeFi landscape, it could give us a significant edge by offering something truly groundbreaking, capable of competing with well-established protocols across various chains. This strategy represents immense untapped potential. Hatom Pulse is being developed for risk-averse users who seek higher returns without excessive risk. By addressing inefficiencies in current DeFi strategies, we aim to offer a secure, robust option for yield generation that could rival established protocols. It's been an intense year for our team, and we sincerely thank the community for their patience, trust, and unwavering support as we've worked hard to build and deliver these groundbreaking products. As Hatom's omni-chain expansion nears, we remain focused on improving our existing products and researching new innovations to stay ahead in this competitive market. Our goal is to build a comprehensive DeFi ecosystem, accessible across all blockchains. With USH approaching its Mainnet release, we're proud of how our products have reshaped the DeFi landscape on MultiversX. By filling key gaps in the on-chain economy, we've created opportunities for users to generate yield, unlock the potential of decentralized finance, and provide strong utility for EGLD. In just over a year, we’ve built a strong ecosystem, but this is only the beginning. We’re ready to go even further, developing better products and unlocking new opportunities for our users. We’ll share more about our expansion plans in a dedicated post, staying focused on what matters most. Rest assured, what’s coming will be truly impressive for Hatom and our growing community!show more

Building The On-Chain Cooperative 🟡 Welcome to the dawn... of a new era in the crypto space, where the buzzword "community" is not just a hollow echo but a vibrant force that propels us towards a brighter future. Let's delve into the heart of MODE, the Onchain Cooperative that seeks to redefine the landscape of web3. What does MODE stand for? MODE stands for building an on-chain cooperative focused on sustainable growth and collective prosperity. At its core, MODE is guided by the principles of cooperation, shared incentives, and community-driven development. The goal is to shift from the "fat protocol" mentality where most value accrues to the blockchain/protocol itself, towards an ecosystem where builders, users, and applications can thrive together. What’s MODE's vision and mission in the web3 space? MODE's vision is to return to web3's founding promise - a future that is better for all, not just the individual. A world with aligned incentives that drive growth for everyone involved. A place with opportunities for all, not just the few. The mission is to pioneer the on-chain cooperative - where contributors are rewarded fairly based on the value they provide. Features like Sequencer Fee Sharing distribute a portion of fees to smart contract developers, incentivizing participation. The aim is to encourage collaboration instead of confrontation. Together, the MODE community can deliver new models for cooperation and shared prosperity in web3. Mode Network will solve many problems today in Web3: • Lack of incentives for developers: Developers creating decentralized apps (dApps) currently have few direct economic incentives to create and maintain their projects. Mode provides them with a steady source of income through fee-sharing. • Lack of collaboration: There are few incentives for blockchain projects to compete less and collaborate more for the benefit of the entire ecosystem. Mode's model encourages collaboration by aligning participants economically. • Excessive value accrual at the protocol layer: Mode aims for a more balanced model where the protocol's success is fueled by the success of application developers/builders and the wider community. Growth is a two-way street – "as we grow, you grow". The MODE Pledge 💛 The promise of crypto and blockchain is a brighter future. One that is better for all not just the individual. Where nothing is more important than community. We've strayed from this path. Entering a world of player vs player. Where value is extracted rather than shared. The game is zero sum rather than positive sum. And incentives are aligned with domination, rather than cooperation. Mode is the dawn of a new age. and a return to the promise of what can be. A world with aligned incentives that drive growth for builders, users and projects. A place with opportunities for all, rather than the few. Where we say goodbye to the 'fat protocol', and hello to the onchain cooperative. Join us on our mission to grow together. If this vision for a community-powered web3 ecosystem resonates - where creators are rewarded for their contributions - you can join the MODE on-chain cooperative! Visit Join the discord community Follow Mode 🟡 Together, we can transform web3 into a positive-sum game that unlocks new possibilities for all. Where your growth fuels the growth of others. Let's build the on-chain cooperative!show more

Welcome to the pack, Blockframe 🐺 The vision for... Matter Labs has always been to incubate, launch, and decentralize the zkSync network. Today, Blockframe officially joins as the latest core development team outside of Matter Labs onboarding to help build, maintain, and upgrade the zkSync protocol and ZK Stack. Learn more: ∎ Becoming one of many ∎ The purpose of onboarding external teams is two-fold: (1) decentralization — ensuring Matter Labs is one of many contributors to zkSync Era, and (2) bringing in teams capable of building valuable tools for crypto projects and brands building their web3 ambitions using the ZK Stack. ∎ Meet Blockframe ∎ Built with support from Matter Labs, Blockframe is an NFT marketplace and creator platform that features on-chain royalties, AI-assisted NFT creation tools, and an NFT perpetuals exchange. ∎ New tools for builders ∎ Blockframe's editable NFTs and sealed bid auctions are made possible by its new Bulk Semaphore protocol. Bulk Semaphore is a tool that can now be utilized by builders on zkSync to scale without sacrificing the privacy of the protocol and its users. ∎ Join the ZK Core Development Team ∎ We welcome and encourage more teams to join this effort. If you’re familiar with zkSync Era and ZK Stack, have made notable contributions to open source projects, and align with the values shared in the ZK Credo, DM Omar Y. ⭕, Head of Investments at Matter Labs.show more

INTRODUCING OCBTW: THE FIRST PANDA-BACKED ASSET A FIRST-OF-ITS-KIND 2-WAY... NFT NFT SWAP We just deployed a smart contract on Bitcoin that allows you to mint "OCBTW", a limited edition generative art collection by tclow.sats, solely by swapping an Alkane Pandas ⬢ OCBTW has a supply of 200 unique pieces and is inspired by Oyl | Building Alkanes's signature hexagon logo that defines all native Alkane assets (e.g., $DIESEL). It is 100% on-chain generative art using three.js code via HTML ⬢ OCBTW can only be minted by swapping a Panda using the 2:70104 smart contract. After 200 swaps have been completed, on a first-come-first-served basis, the mint will conclude. However, OCBTW can be swapped back to a Panda at any time, freeing up supply for another Panda holder to collect a OCBTW piece from the contract. ⬢ OCBTW is thus backed entirely by Pandas, meaning each piece will never be worth less than a Panda. This is the first time on Bitcoin that an NFT is minted with another NFT. This may be the first time this has ever been done on any chain. ⬢ OCBTW also effectively locks up up to 200 Pandas for perpetuity. Just like AP-69, this swap contract has no withdrawal function. The only way to get Pandas out of the contract is to swap your OCBTW back to a Panda. This operates on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis. ⬢ OCBTW can be minted by calling the 2:70104 contract using opcode 42 and including a Panda in the transaction, either by using or You can only mint 1 OCBTW per transaction. Rarity of Pandas has no effect on what OCBTW mint you will receive. ⬢ OCBTW can be viewed natively in browser on iDclub 💥 Building Alkanes at the following link: Please be patient after minting for their indexer to update after blocks clear. Please also note that the Ordiscan Alkanes indexer is currently down. ⬢ OCBTW is purely art. Art on Bitcoin. Forever.show more

"From Mayo Hospital to the Circus of Power: The... Arrogance of Maryam Nawaz" "I can even get you arrested. This "guy" needs to be fired" And moments later, he is fired. No show cause. No notice. No hospital meeting, and he is fired. This happens when someone gets a position not through the people's mandate but due to the mere finger of a dictator. Then that person begins to act like a dictator themselves. And if that person could not become a doctor after entering the same college in the past, naturally, she becomes insecure and takes out her frustration on the doctors in the corridors of the same hospital, who are far more capable and civilized than her. This is the real story behind the clip filled with Maryam Nawaz's arrogance and bad manners witnessed today in Mayo Hospital. I have spent five years in the corridors of Mayo Hospital, and because of that, I have a special attachment to this hospital. Today, when I witnessed the humiliation of such senior doctors, my heart bled. This single clip is enough to confirm the statistics that show more than 1.6 million Pakistanis have left the country in the past two years—16 times more than in the last 50 years—among whom the majority are doctors and engineers. Even now, 75 % doctors are planning to leave the country. In any other country, a "show-cause notice" would first be issued, clarification would be asked, a committee meeting would be held, and only after receiving the response would a person be dismissed. But this happens in civilized societies where there is democracy and professionalism. In this country, it is possible that someone like the Chief Operating Officer of the largest hospital in the province can be humiliated and removed from their position just because of a finger-pointing decision. And they are publicly threatened with arrest. When people with a TikTok mentality, obsessed with gaining views, are made chief ministers, you won’t get funds for hospitals, but you will get plenty of clips and camera gimmicks. Right now, Mayo Hospital's fund is short by 3.5 billion rupees—how will pharmaceutical companies provide medicines in such a situation? How can the MS (Medical Superintendent) make up for this shortage? MS Dr. Masood had submitted his resignation to the Health Secretary a month ago, but he was requested to continue for some time. Today, he was not only publicly humiliated but also threatened with arrest. It is now clear how arrests are being made in this country in recent years. What is the criterion for arrest in this country? If someone writes a lot, "charge them with electricity theft"; if someone is disliked by Maryam Nawaz, "pick them up." A woman who can publicly threaten an MS doctor with arrest in front of cameras—what would she be doing behind the scenes with her rivals and critics? This is the tragedy of this country, where the educated are ruled by the ignorant, and democracy is overshadowed by authoritarian rulers, for whom firing someone with just a finger-point is seen as "efficiency" and "wow." But what is even more disappointing is the silent attitude of the other doctors standing by, including Dr. Mahmood Ayaz, the Vice-Chancellor of King Edward University, who remained silent and watched this ill-mannered behavior. Maryam Nawaz's actions are not only against the protocol and procedures for dismissing someone but also reflect her authoritarian and arrogant personality. Just like when a joker is made a king, the entire kingdom becomes a circus, same way when a person with an inferiority complex and a TikTok mentality is made the chief minister, the whole province becomes a stage show, a studio where the dignity of people is routinely at risk just for the sake of flashy attention. This is pathetic. This is autocratic. This is bullshit. This is garbage. Remember the equation: Incompetence + Inferiority Complex + Authority = Tyranny It proves the saying: ""مرے وچ میں نہیں بولدی ؛ میرا یار بولدا " -------------------------------------------------------- Moeed Pirzada @drfaranahmad Ryan Grim Mir Mohammad Alikhan Hamid Mir حامد میرshow more

What's happening in the Strait of Hormuz Every escalation... of the military-political situation around Iran is accompanied by numerous rumors and speculations about the blocking of shipping in the strategically important for the global economy Strait of Hormuz. Yesterday, the Iranian IRGC Navy broadcast a radio message about a complete ban on shipping, and the US Department of Transportation called for leaving the strait and adjacent waters. Later, the IRGC softened the rhetoric, stating that the strait was closed only for Americans. According to the latest reports, passage through the strait is allowed only for Iranian and Chinese naval ships. Such statements need to be confirmed by actions, and probably the first step on the path to a blockade was the defeat of the oil tanker SKYLIGHT, which was heading from an Iraqi port under the Palau flag. According to various reports, the ship was attacked by drones or missiles, and a fire broke out on board. At the moment, the tanker is anchored in the Persian Gulf near the coast of the Sultanate of Oman. It is reported that the crew was evacuated, as evidenced by the presence of a rescue boat nearby, from which footage of the fire was taken. It's worth noting that this tanker is on the US sanctions lists for transporting Iranian oil, but this does not mean it belongs to Iran. It's a classic "shadow" ship, operating under a "convenient" flag in the interests of whoever is currently paying. When reading reports on maritime events, it's worth remembering that this information is written and disseminated by journalists and bloggers, many of whom have only seen the sea in pictures, and none of whom have ever worked a single day on a ship. The Strait of Hormuz is not a road where you can put up a barrier, nor is it a field that can be carefully mined. The width of the Strait of Hormuz at its narrowest point reaches 40 kilometers, and at its widest point it is almost 100 kilometers. Of course, these figures are not so high given the depths, and theoretically, Iran has the military-technical capabilities to, if not stop, then seriously damage international shipping. However, it's highly doubtful that under the current circumstances, the leadership of the Islamic Republic will decide on radical actions, such as those that went down in history under the name "Tanker War". The lessons of those events showed that attacks and seizures of international ships could not stop traffic and did not collapse the global market, but they did turn many previously neutral states against Iran. Including the USSR, which was forced to send a fleet of warships to the Persian Gulf to combat the newly emerged piracy. We would also like to ask our bellicose authors to be less gloating and rejoicing at the news of burning and sinking ships. On each of these ships, sailors are burning and sinking - innocent citizens of Russia, Ukraine, India, the Philippines... and many other peaceful men and women, forced to work at sea to support their families. A reserve sailor, specially for the project wargonzo UPD: Iran does not intend to block the Strait of Hormuz at the moment, said the head of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Abbas Arakchi, to Al Jazeera. Join WarGonzoshow more

Transformer by hand ✍️ ~ 6 steps walkthrough below... Open the hood of a transformer and the parts list is overwhelming: embeddings, positional encoding, attention weighting, self-attention, cross-attention, multi-head attention, layer norm, skip connections, softmax, linear, Nx, shifted right, query, key, value, masking. Which of those actually make the car run? Two of them. Attention weighting and the feed-forward network. Everything else is an enhancement to make it run faster and longer, which is how we got from a car to a truck, and to the word "large" in large language model. So I drew and calculated those two parts entirely by hand. Goal: push five features through one transformer block, filling in every cell yourself. 1. Given Five positions of input features, arriving from the previous block. 2. Attention matrix Let us feed all five features to a query-key module (QK) and read back an attention weight matrix, A. The details of that module are a post of their own. 3. Attention weighting We multiply the input features by A to get the attention weighted features, Z. Still five positions. The effect is to combine features *across positions*, horizontally: X1 becomes X1 + X2, X2 becomes X2 + X3, and so on. 4. First layer Let us feed all five weighted features into the first layer of the FFN. Multiply by the weights and biases. This time the combining happens *across feature dimensions*, vertically, and each feature grows from 3 numbers to 4. Note that every position goes through the same weight matrix. That is what "position-wise" means. 5. ReLU We cross out the negatives. They become zeros. 6. Second layer Let us bring it back down: 4 dimensions to 3. The output feeds the next block, which has a completely separate set of parameters, and the whole thing runs again. You have just calculated a transformer block by hand. ✍️ The takeaway: the two parts are doing two different jobs, and neither one alone is enough. Attention mixes *across positions*, so a feature can see its neighbours. The FFN mixes *across feature dimensions*, so each position can think about itself. Horizontal, then vertical. Then that pattern repeats N times, each block with its own separate set of weights. That is the Nx from the list up top, and that is what makes the transformer run. 💾 Save this post! #AIbyHand #Transformers #DeepLearningshow more

Lads. Sit down and give me your ear a... while, for I have watched from the water long enough and the hour is upon us whether we have the stomach for it or not. You remember. Or your fathers told you, or their fathers did, and the knowledge of it is in the marrow of you whether you drew breath in those days or not. The moors in the grey hour before dawn. Wet heather soft under the boot. Peat smoke rising from a low stone chimney a mile out across the bog, thin as a prayer. A sky the colour of a gun barrel and the gulls lamenting above the headland. The smell of turf burning, and wet wool, and the ferrous tang of the sea when the wind swung around out of the Atlantic and put the taste of iron on your tongue. A man could walk that land and know every stone of it was his by inheritance, because his grandfather had broken his back upon it, and his grandfather before him, back through the generations until you reach men whose names are lost and whose bones are in the soil you are standing on. The potato fields. God be good to us, the potato fields. Lazy beds cut straight as a gunwale, the ridges black and shining after a night of rain, women bent double with creels lashed to their backs and the children at their skirts, drawing the crop up by the hand for there was never any other means devised nor wanted. Hands split open at the knuckles and never entirely healed in this life. Hunger within living memory. Grandmothers who had seen the blight with their own eyes and would not speak of it from the year of it until the day they were laid down, save that a crust was kept always on the dresser which no soul in that house was permitted to touch. Not ever. Not for any reason under heaven. And the chimney sweeps. Wee lads no heavier than a sack of meal, black to the bone with soot, their lungs ruined before they were old enough to marry and old men entirely by thirty. Up the flues at first light, the skin worn off them by the brick, eyes crimson at the rim, breathing the black in with every draw of air. And the coal miners a half mile beneath our feet, down in the wet dark, the roof of the world muttering over their heads, the canary gone silent, a man's whole existence measured out in the shilling a ton and the dust he carried home in his chest to cough up of a Sunday morning into a rag. Fathers who descended and were never hauled up again. Widows at the pit head with the shawl drawn over the head and no tears remaining in them for they had spent those long ago. That was the tariff paid to keep the hearth lit. That was the reckoning of being warm in winter in the Ireland that was. And after the labouring week, Friday evening, and a man had earned the peace of what followed. Home first. Peeled the day off him in the yard. A shower of ice cold moor river water out of a tin bucket punctured with holes, hung on a nail on the gable wall, the water running clean down the back of him and carrying the week's dust and sweat away into the drain. Scrubbed till the skin was pink beneath the grime. Clean shirt laid out by the wife. The hair combed down with a drop of water. Then, and only then, did a man set himself to the table. A meat pie from the baker, tenpence if he was known to you, a shilling and no change if he was not, put down upon a proper plate. Fish and chips for threepence, the salt and vinegar soaked through the newspaper, but carried home and ate slowly at your own table with your people around you, not walked with through the streets like some vagrant tinker off the road. A man ate as a man who had earned his portion, for he had. And later, with the dishes cleared and the kettle set, down the road to the tavern. Low beams black with a century of smoke. A turf fire muttering in the grate. The air thick with pipe smoke and the vapour of wet overcoats steaming themselves dry on the backs of chairs. A pint of stout, cold and black as a cove at midnight, elevenpence laid down on the counter, a head on it thick enough to strike a match upon. A second one because you had it coming to you and no man present would dispute it. A fiddle starting up in the corner of its own accord. The old men in the snug who remembered matters the history books had long since mislaid. A song before the bolt was thrown on the door. The walk home beneath a firmament crowded with stars, the stout warm in the gut of you, the week behind you, and your own door waiting with the latch unlocked for you had no enemies in that parish. That was the country. That was the covenant. Honest labour, plain food, a cold wash, a hot meal, a cold pint, your own tongue in your own mouth, your own soil beneath your boots, and no man standing above you save the Almighty Himself. Now regard her. Regard her close. The fields disposed of to men who have never set foot upon them and never shall. The harbours signed away by the stroke of a pen in a room you were not admitted to, and foreign keels dragging out of our waters the living that sustained this island for a thousand years, while our own boats rot at their moorings for want of a quota. The tradesmen undercut by imported labour and imported goods. The shops shuttered along every main street from Donegal to Cork. The young ones scattered to London and Sydney and Boston and the Gulf because there is nothing remaining for them beneath their own roof. And the entirety of this rotten arrangement dressed up in the soft mannerly language of progress by men in towers of glass who could not tell a lazy bed from a grave, nor a trawler from a tugboat, nor an honest day's work from a pension plan. And now they arrive with the next imposition. A digital identity. A number assigned to each soul. A card required to buy your bread. A code required to draw your own earnings out of your own account. A file kept on every man, woman and child from the cradle forward. Permission asked to move. Permission asked to speak. Permission asked to earn. A levy upon every breath drawn and a regulation upon every step taken. No. And no again. And no for a third time so there is no misunderstanding of it. We do not require your digital identity. We did not request it. We did not vote upon it. We do not consent to it. We do not need your permission to exist upon the soil our forefathers are buried in. We are a free people. We have carried ourselves this far upon our own two backs. Through famine and empire and civil war and black lung and blight and the emigrant ship out of Cobh, we have come this distance under our own steam, and the arrangement appears to be serving us well enough without your intervention. We buried our own. We fed our own. We raised our own roofs and took our own fish and reared our own children in our own tongue. We are in your debt for nothing. Not a signature. Not a biometric scan. Not a single solitary inch. And while we are upon the subject, let us speak plainly of the tax man, for he has gone too long without proper introduction. The tax collector and the tax man are the one article under two names, and the article is a parasite. There is no dressing it up finer than that. A man who produces nothing, who grows nothing, who catches nothing, who builds nothing, who mends nothing, who has never in his professional life lifted anything heavier than a pen, and who arrives at your door with the full apparatus of the state at his back to carry off the fruits of labour he did not perform. He is a middleman between your sweat and some scheme dreamt up in a committee room by his own kind, and the great majority of what he takes is consumed by the machinery of the taking itself before ever a penny of it reaches the road or the hospital or the schoolhouse he claims to be funding. And I will go further while I have the floor. Finance itself, the whole apparatus of it, money breeding money in the dark without a hand laid upon a tool or a spade turned in the earth, is slavery dressed in a good suit. It is the oldest swindle known to man and it has never been anything other. A man who produces nothing yet lives off the productive labour of others through the charging of interest upon money conjured out of nothing is a parasite of a rarer and more refined order than the tax man, but a parasite all the same, and between the pair of them they have the working people of this island bled white and lectured at for the pleasure. A man who will not work with his hands, nor with his back, nor with his mind at some honest problem of the real physical world, is no man that I recognise. He is a ledger entry in a suit. The country was not built by ledger entries. The country was built by farmers and fishermen and masons and smiths and sweeps and miners and shipwrights and midwives and mothers, and those are the people whose say should carry in her councils, and no other. Here is what I put to you. Let each man and woman of this island direct the first tenth of their earnings themselves, by their own judgement, to the purpose they see as worthy. The school down the road. The lifeboat station. The hospice. The widow on the corner. The roof of the chapel. The harbour wall. Whatever it may be. Let the people who earned the money decide where the money travels. You will find the roads mended and the ports dredged and the schools standing and the old ones cared for inside of five years, and done better and for less, because the hand that earned the coin knows the weight of it and will not squander it upon consultants and committees. And let us have done with the paper currency and the numbers in a screen that can be frozen at the whim of a clerk in a tower. Bring back the coin. Gold for the great transactions. Silver for the weekly commerce of a working life. Copper for the small change of the day. Metal you can bite. Metal you can weigh. Metal that cannot be conjured out of nothing by a keystroke, nor erased out of existence by another. Real money for real labour. A coin in the hand is a free man's wage. A number in a database is a collar around a free man's neck, and they are fitting that collar now while we stand arguing over the colour of it. Feel it in your gut. That is not nothing. That is your blood relating to you what your ears will not hear. That is every forebear who starved and fought and coughed the black dust into a rag and descended the shaft regardless, standing at your shoulder and saying no further. Not one more field. Not one more harbour. Not one more son upon a plane. Not one more free man converted into a number in a ledger for the convenience of the parasites. This is the hour. Make no error about it. Ireland is redeemed in this generation or she is lost beyond recovery, and every true son and daughter of her knows it in the marrow. There is no middle ground remaining. There is no waiting it out. There is standing now, upon your own two feet, or there is watching her go under the waves for the last and final time. So stand. Stand with your farmers. Stand with your fishermen. Stand with your tradesmen and your miners and your sweeps and your mothers and your old ones. Raise the tricolour. Speak the tongue. Walk the land. Hold the line in the streets of every town and city and do not break it, for they are relying upon you to break and to go home and to forget by Tuesday. She is calling her children home. Every stone of her, every breaker on her western shore, every acre of wet heather and every coal in every hearth the length and breadth of her is calling. Answer her. Take her back. Every field, every harbour, every last inch of her. Take her back, or lose her entirely. There is no third road open to us.show more

ReLU vs Leaky ReLU 👉 = ReLU = ReLU... is the default activation in modern deep learning — cheap to compute, and stable enough to train networks hundreds of layers deep. To see what it does, picture five boba tea shops on the same block — 𝚊, 𝚋, 𝚌, 𝚍, 𝚎 — each running their own books. Each value is a shop's monthly profit — receipts minus rent, ingredients, and wages. When profit is positive, the shop stays open and the owner pockets every dollar. When profit turns negative, the shop runs out of cash and shutters — the lights go off, the books are wiped to zero. ReLU is exactly that rule, applied one shop at a time. Read the diagram left to right. The first column is the raw value x — each shop's profit at month's end. The second column is the gate: 1 if the shop is open (x > 0), 0 if it has shuttered. The last column is the ReLU output: open shops pass their profit through untouched, while shuttered ones are zeroed out. Five rows means five parallel shops on the same block, each evaluated independently. That's why ReLU is called an element-wise activation: every neuron decides its own fate. = LeakyRelu = Plain ReLU wipes negative values to zero — clean, but a shop that shutters can never recover, since both its output and its gradient stay pinned at zero. This is the dying ReLU problem, and in deep networks it can quietly kill a meaningful fraction of the units. Leaky ReLU is the one-line fix: instead of shuttering, the shop files for Chapter 11 protection and keeps the lights on at reduced capacity. Its debt is restructured down to a fraction α (typically 0.1) — the rest is forgiven, and the shop is wounded, not killed. A small negative signal still flows through, so the gradient survives, and the shop can crawl back to life if a TikTok goes viral. Read the diagram left to right. The first column is the raw value x — each shop's profit at month's end. The second column is the leakage α — the fraction of the loss held over after restructuring (default 0.1, editable). The third column is the gate: 1 for shops still in the black, α for those operating under bankruptcy protection. The last column is the Leaky ReLU output: y = x · gate. Profitable shops pass through untouched; struggling ones shrink by a factor of α but still carry a sign. Five rows means five parallel shops, each evaluated independently. Like ReLU, this is an element-wise activation: every neuron's fate is decided on its own merits. #aibyhahdshow more

Frameworks such as ai16zdao's Eliza and Virtuals Protocol have... been instrumental in early AI agent developments. Agent swarms working in hierarchy represents for many the next logical step in unlocking the vast potential of AI. Learn below how Shadō Network achieves this. AI agents launched through current popular platforms have individual personas, on-chain functions and access to data via various APIs. This being said, they operate in isolated environments, with a ceiling on emergent behaviour such as collaboration or competition. Shadō Network invites massive expansion for capabilities of both new and existing AI agents, with an open-source package easily integrated into popular frameworks that enables the launching of stratified agent swarms. Our website is live: The "Shadō Play" package provides a modular, configurable platform for creating or employing agents of choice in a swarm-like setup, opening a Pandora’s box of near infinite emergent agent behaviours, relationships and functionalities. Users will be able to make use of various prefab client integrations such as Twitter, Telegram, Ollama, and others to specify swarms to their needs or create their own extensions to enhance agent capabilities even further. Agents operate with a memory module and a HTN for autonomously deciding which interactions to act on, walking the line between autonomy and configurability. The Shadō Network project’s development is supported by our ghostly friend Omnipotent (👻,👻), an AI agent developed by the Shadō Network team trained on and fine tuned with a multitude of academic data related to artificial intelligence, blockchain, finance, software engineering, world building and more. Omnipotent serves as both an interactive steward for the project and as an asset - regularly scanning social platforms, websites and newsfeeds he is capable of providing the team project development advice, whilst also communicating with the wider world via his automated X account (launching soon). Shado Network is collaborative and open-sourced. Agentic Swarms require a developer swarm to maximize the technical capabilities and impact the greatest number of users. Our dedicated team of core contributors are active in other web3 AI repos and are here to guide project direction and foster growth. We’re facilitators, not gatekeepers... Alone we can go fast but together we can go far. A lot more to come soon. 👻show more

🌀 #Live3D #Live2D #Live2DWIP 🌀 Today, I’d like to... share two of the three methods I use to create joint twisting in my Live2D-based 2D Pseudo-3D concept. On the right is the Glue Joint： The basic idea is to use Glue to connect two pseudo-3D ArtMeshes. By taking advantage of Glue’s weight settings, it can create an effect similar to a 3D joint. Once the weights are set up, it can move very freely with a relatively low amount of work. However, it also shares the same weakness as 3D joints: when rotated at large angles, it can produce unpleasant twisting and distortion. On the left is the Hand-Bent Joint： The basic idea is to add bending Keyforms directly to a Warp Deformer, then manually sculpt the ideal deformation. This method can create the most detailed and refined joints, depending entirely on how the rigger designs them. The downside is that it requires much more work. Every additional degree of freedom requires a significant amount of manual adjustment. These two joint methods have almost opposite characteristics, so in actual Live3D work, I choose the most suitable method depending on the situation. For example, in this hand model, I used Hand-Bent Joints for the arm twisting and fingers, while the wrist uses a Glue Joint.✨show more