#nanomachine
The tiniest engine on Earth#learnontiktok #atpsynthase #flagellum #biotok #funfacts #biology #nanomachine #learning #molecularbiology #coolscience #scienceanimation #molecularmotor #stem Powered by a natural outboard engine, a bacterium relies on flowing protons to spin its flagellum hundreds of times a second through water. Inside, thousands of nanomachines operate in a dense labyrinth of DNA that spans a thousand times the cell's length. As food grows scarce, surface receptors trigger a messenger that reverses the motor. The cell tumbles, recalibrates, and races off in a new direction. By repeating this cycle, these invisible organisms successfully hunt for food and navigate their environment.
iJEP Studio1,000,000 просмотров • 7 дней назад
Bacteria Flagellar Motor #learnontiktok #intelligentdesign #evolution #molecular #nanomachine #learning #funfacts #biotok #science #stem #3danimation #atp #biochemistry #coolscience #simulation #atpsynthase #ATP #blender3d A cut-open E. coli slice simulated based on real structures and biology, every molecule you see is a real one: its shape was worked out atom by atom by scientists,using electron microscopes ,X-ray crystallography et al. Everything is drawn to true scale; only time is slowed, about 200×.The sound is not REAL though :) The yellow machine is the flagellar motor: a rotor about 50 nm across, driven by protons flowing through its stator units, turning the hook and filament at ~100 turns per second. Watch how the singal travel to falgelar motor. The teal structures at the lower right are the cell’s “nose” (chemoreceptor array): they sense what’s outside. When the "smell" (for example, nutrient molecules) changes, a protein at their base hands a chemical tag (phosphorylation) to a small messenger. The tagged messenger (orange, cheY) drifts across the cell and latches onto the bottom ring of the motor. When enough of them are attached, the ring flips — the flash is the switch — and the motor runs backwards. Backwards, the propellers fly apart and the cell tumbles; forwards again, it sets off in a new direction. That’s how a cell with no brain finds its way to food. Also in the picture: two more rotary machines (ATP synthase)at the upper left that make the cell’s fuel from the same ion current, a pump that throws out toxins, DNA being copied, a ribosome building a protein, and the three-layer wall with its sugar forest on the outside.
iJEP Studio1,200,000 просмотров • 1 месяц назад
DNA relication machinery #learnontiktok #atpsynthase #flagellum #biotok #funfacts #biology #nanomachine #learning #molecularbiology #coolscience #scienceanimation #molecularmotor #biochemistry #stem Every time a bacterium divides, it must copy more than four million letters of DNA with astonishing accuracy. Behind this feat is a molecular assembly line called the replisome. At the front is the helicase, a ring-shaped motor made of six subunits. Fueled by ATP, it races along the DNA, pulling apart the double helix and exposing two single strands. But exposed DNA is unstable. Single-strand binding proteins quickly coat the strands, keeping them separated and protecting them until they can be copied. Now comes the copying machinery: two DNA polymerases, one for each strand. Each polymerase grips the DNA through a sliding clamp, a molecular ring that keeps it attached while it adds thousands of new DNA letters. But there's a problem. DNA polymerases can only build in one direction: from 5′ to 3′. At the replication fork, that creates two very different jobs. The leading strand runs in the right direction, allowing its polymerase to follow the helicase and copy DNA continuously. The lagging strand faces the opposite direction. It must be copied in short, separate pieces called Okazaki fragments. First, primase lays down a short RNA primer, creating a starting point for DNA synthesis. Then comes the clamp loader. Powered by ATP, it opens a sliding clamp, positions it around the primer, and snaps it shut, ready for the next round of copying. The lagging-strand polymerase then grabs the new clamp and starts building an Okazaki fragment. As synthesis continues, the DNA template loops out, forming a remarkable trombone-like structure. Once the polymerase reaches the previous fragment, it releases the DNA and jumps to a freshly loaded clamp to start again. Flexible tau proteins connect both polymerases and the helicase to the clamp loader, coordinating the entire machine into one synchronized molecular factory. Together, they can copy roughly a thousand DNA letters every second. And accuracy is just as remarkable as speed. A proofreading subunit catches many incorrectly paired letters and removes them before they become permanent mistakes. Finally, the RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA, and DNA ligase seals the remaining gaps, joining all the fragments into one continuous strand. Two complete DNA molecules, copied from one, ready for the next generation.
iJEP Studio91,400 просмотров • 7 дней назад
What sunlight actually hits inside a leaf #photosynthesis #chloroplast #molecularbiology #biochemistry #scienceanimation #learnontiktok #learning #funfacts #coolscience #simulation #nanomachine #biotok #science #3danimation From a leaf to the atoms that catch the light, in one continuous dive. Every molecule here is a real structure from crystallography and cryo-EM: photosystem II (the water-splitting machine), cytochrome b6f, photosystem I, and ATP synthase, the rotary motor that makes ATP. Red and blue photons land on the antenna, the energy hops chlorophyll to chlorophyll into P680, electrons flow across the membrane, and protons spin the rotor.#atpsynthase #ATP #atp
iJEP Studio270,000 просмотров • 26 дней назад
Watch hemoglobin grab oxygen, one at a time#learnontiktok #scienceanimation #coolscience Your blood is never blue 🩸 Veins only look blue because skin bounces blue light back while dark blood soaks up the red. The red is hemoglobin: 4 protein chains (2 α, 2 β), each holding a heme with an iron atom at its heart. When the first O₂ lands, the iron pulls on a histidine, a helix shifts… and the whole molecule rocks from the tense T state to the relaxed R state. Each oxygen makes the next one easier: that’s cooperativity. Fully loaded in the lungs, it lets go in your tissues. Carbon monoxide is deadly because it grabs those same irons and won’t let go.#biochemistry #learning #nanomachine #biology #science #molecularbiology #biochemistry #blood #oxygen #learnontiktok #scitok #animation #blender3d #protein #structuralbiology
iJEP Studio21,000 просмотров • 24 дней назад
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