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A pickle jar can function as a tiny jet engine. The setup is simple: a glass jar with a small hole in the lid holds a volatile fuel like methanol, which evaporates to create a fuel and air mixture inside. A flame brought to the hole ignites it, and... the cycle begins. Here is what happens in each pulse. Combustion sends a sharp pressure spike through the jar, forcing hot gas out the lid hole as thrust. The escaping gas creates a brief partial vacuum inside, which pulls fresh air back in through the same hole. Residual heat ignites the new mixture automatically, and the cycle repeats dozens to hundreds of times per second. The jar and hole act as a resonant cavity, which is why it pulses instead of burning steadily. A single opening cannot handle exhaust and intake at the same time, so the system locks into a natural rhythm. It produces almost no real thrust, but it is a clear window into how actual pulsejet engines work, and the physics on display are the same ones used in real aerospace propulsion. Follow for more!show more

Mechanical Knowledge

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When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.

When a gas chamber filled with a fuel-air mixture is ignited, the flame does not instantly appear everywhere. Instead, it starts at the ignition point and spreads outward as a moving "flame front." For combustion to happen, fuel molecules must react with oxygen molecules. When a spark or flame provides enough energy, the first few molecules ignite and release heat. This heat then warms the nearby unburned gas, causing those molecules to reach their ignition temperature as well. The process repeats rapidly, creating a chain reaction that pushes the flame through the chamber. Think of it like a row of dominoes. The spark knocks over the first domino, which triggers the next one, and so on. In a gas chamber, heat and highly reactive particles called free radicals play the role of the falling dominoes. As the flame spreads, the hot combustion gases expand dramatically. This expansion creates pressure waves that move ahead of the flame. The speed of flame propagation depends on factors such as the fuel type, the fuel-to-air ratio, temperature, pressure, and turbulence inside the chamber. Turbulence mixes the gases more effectively, allowing the flame to spread much faster. In engines, this controlled flame spread is essential because it releases energy smoothly. However, if the flame spreads too rapidly or transitions into a shock wave, it can become a detonation or explosion,producing a sudden and destructive pressure spike. In short, a flame spreads because each burning region heats and ignites the next region, creating a self-sustaining wave of combustion that moves through the fuel-air mixture.

Mechanical Knowledge

11,937 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

Forget matches; this is how our ancestors used the laws of thermodynamics to start fires in seconds using nothing but wood and air. The secret lies in the sudden increase in pressure. By trapping air in a narrow tube and forcing a piston down, you are doing work on the gas. In a closed system like this, that work translates directly into thermal energy. Because the movement is so fast, it is considered "adiabatic," meaning no heat escapes. The resulting flash of heat is intense enough to create a glowing ember, which is then transferred to a larger "tinder bundle" and blown into a flame.

Forget matches; this is how our ancestors used the laws of thermodynamics to start fires in seconds using nothing but wood and air. The secret lies in the sudden increase in pressure. By trapping air in a narrow tube and forcing a piston down, you are doing work on the gas. In a closed system like this, that work translates directly into thermal energy. Because the movement is so fast, it is considered "adiabatic," meaning no heat escapes. The resulting flash of heat is intense enough to create a glowing ember, which is then transferred to a larger "tinder bundle" and blown into a flame.

Mathematica

195,902 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

The F-16’s afterburner boosts thrust by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust stream after the gases have already passed through the turbine. This creates a second stage of combustion that dramatically increases engine power. In normal operation, the engine compresses incoming air, burns it in the main combustion chamber, and uses the resulting energy to drive the turbine. The hot, high-speed exhaust then flows into the afterburner section, which contains flame holders—metal structures designed to stabilize the flame in the fast-moving airflow. When the pilot engages the afterburner, fuel is sprayed into this exhaust stream and ignites almost instantly. Because the exhaust still contains unused oxygen, the added fuel burns intensely, causing the gases to expand and exit the nozzle at much higher velocity. To maintain smooth airflow and prevent excessive pressure buildup, a variable-area nozzle opens wider. The outcome is a massive thrust increase—often 50% or more—accompanied by the bright, fiery plume that appears when the afterburner is active. 🔥✈️ 📸 by ig/fighteraircraft

The F-16’s afterburner boosts thrust by injecting additional fuel into the exhaust stream after the gases have already passed through the turbine. This creates a second stage of combustion that dramatically increases engine power. In normal operation, the engine compresses incoming air, burns it in the main combustion chamber, and uses the resulting energy to drive the turbine. The hot, high-speed exhaust then flows into the afterburner section, which contains flame holders—metal structures designed to stabilize the flame in the fast-moving airflow. When the pilot engages the afterburner, fuel is sprayed into this exhaust stream and ignites almost instantly. Because the exhaust still contains unused oxygen, the added fuel burns intensely, causing the gases to expand and exit the nozzle at much higher velocity. To maintain smooth airflow and prevent excessive pressure buildup, a variable-area nozzle opens wider. The outcome is a massive thrust increase—often 50% or more—accompanied by the bright, fiery plume that appears when the afterburner is active. 🔥✈️ 📸 by ig/fighteraircraft

aircraftmaintenancengineer

227,987 просмотров • 11 месяцев назад

A Pratt & Whitney F100 turbofan is one of the most successful fighter jet engines ever built. First run was in 1972, it still powers the F-15 and F-16 more than 50 years later. Over 7,200 engines have been built, collectively logging 32+ million flight hours. At full afterburner, it produces up to 129 kN or 29,000 lb of thrust while burning roughly 800-900 litres of jet fuel every minute. The afterburner, it's a second combustion stage that ignites fuel in the exhaust stream to generate maximum combat thrust. This test cell isn't checking if the engine starts. It's measuring vibration, temperatures, pressures, fuel flow, and thrust while a machine producing 29,000 pounds of force is bolted to the ground. What here looks like a routine engine test is actually one of the most demanding demonstrations of precision engineering in aerospace, Each brand new F100 engine is worth roughly $5-8 million, reflecting five decades of continuous refinement in fighter propulsion. 🎥kaydenh0dge

Ammanichanda

127,116 просмотров • 4 месяцев назад

The SR-71 Blackbird converts supersonic air to subsonic speeds using a movable, conical "spike" in the engine inlet that generates a series of shock waves, slowing air from over Mach 3 to roughly Mach 0.4 before it reaches the compressor. This process, crucial for the J58 engine, transforms high-speed, low-pressure air into high-pressure air at a manageable speed, generating a majority of the total thrust. Mechanism for Slowing Air •Inlet Spike Position: The sharp, cone-shaped spike moves up to 26 inches backward as the aircraft accelerates, optimizing shock wave alignment. •Oblique Shock Waves: At supersonic speeds, the spike produces a series of angled oblique shock waves that slow and compress the air. •Normal Shock Wave: A terminal shock wave forms at the inlet mouth, effectively slowing the air to subsonic velocity. •Variable Geometry: The inlet computer automatically manages the spike position and bypass doors to prevent "inlet unstart"—an immediate loss of thrust caused by shock wave misalignment. Benefits and Components •Pressure Conversion: The inlet acts like a "garden hose in reverse," where the reduction in speed is converted into massive pressure increase. •Subsonic Compression: The engine itself is a turbojet, which can only function on subsonic air. •Bypass Air: Excess air is bled off and reintroduced at the exhaust, adding more efficiency and thrust. •YouTube : How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird works by Amimagraffs

The SR-71 Blackbird converts supersonic air to subsonic speeds using a movable, conical "spike" in the engine inlet that generates a series of shock waves, slowing air from over Mach 3 to roughly Mach 0.4 before it reaches the compressor. This process, crucial for the J58 engine, transforms high-speed, low-pressure air into high-pressure air at a manageable speed, generating a majority of the total thrust. Mechanism for Slowing Air •Inlet Spike Position: The sharp, cone-shaped spike moves up to 26 inches backward as the aircraft accelerates, optimizing shock wave alignment. •Oblique Shock Waves: At supersonic speeds, the spike produces a series of angled oblique shock waves that slow and compress the air. •Normal Shock Wave: A terminal shock wave forms at the inlet mouth, effectively slowing the air to subsonic velocity. •Variable Geometry: The inlet computer automatically manages the spike position and bypass doors to prevent "inlet unstart"—an immediate loss of thrust caused by shock wave misalignment. Benefits and Components •Pressure Conversion: The inlet acts like a "garden hose in reverse," where the reduction in speed is converted into massive pressure increase. •Subsonic Compression: The engine itself is a turbojet, which can only function on subsonic air. •Bypass Air: Excess air is bled off and reintroduced at the exhaust, adding more efficiency and thrust. •YouTube : How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird works by Amimagraffs

Habubrats SR-71

71,946 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

A Stirling engine burns no fuel inside itself. It runs on nothing but a difference in temperature. The same sealed gas stays inside forever. Heat one end and it expands and pushes a piston, then it gets shuffled to the cool side, contracts and pulls back. Scottish minister Robert Stirling patented the idea in 1816, and small versions can run on the warmth of a hand. I'm surprised these aren't on every desk.

A Stirling engine burns no fuel inside itself. It runs on nothing but a difference in temperature. The same sealed gas stays inside forever. Heat one end and it expands and pushes a piston, then it gets shuffled to the cool side, contracts and pulls back. Scottish minister Robert Stirling patented the idea in 1816, and small versions can run on the warmth of a hand. I'm surprised these aren't on every desk.

Epic Vault

15,530 просмотров • 22 дней назад

White Hole - A Black Hole With Time Reversed A White Hole is the time-reversed shadow of a Black Hole. It appears in the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity. The exterior geometry is the same ds² = −(1 − 2M/r)dt² + (1 − 2M/r)⁻¹dr² + r²dΩ² The difference is causal. A Black Hole lets paths enter but not escape. A White Hole lets paths emerge but not enter. No White Hole has been observed. But inside the equations of GR, the question is real: What does a Black Hole look like when time runs the other way?

White Hole - A Black Hole With Time Reversed A White Hole is the time-reversed shadow of a Black Hole. It appears in the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution of General Relativity. The exterior geometry is the same ds² = −(1 − 2M/r)dt² + (1 − 2M/r)⁻¹dr² + r²dΩ² The difference is causal. A Black Hole lets paths enter but not escape. A White Hole lets paths emerge but not enter. No White Hole has been observed. But inside the equations of GR, the question is real: What does a Black Hole look like when time runs the other way?

Mathelirium

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The hardest thing for a robot hand is precision and force at the same time. Elon's test is picking up a small screw, pushing and twisting it into wood, then opening a pickle jar with the same hand. He says no hand he's seen can do it, not even in a demo. Jeff Lutz 🔋 notes that most bot makers just post highlight reels, while Tesla is talking about the hard parts in public. The other gate is wear. Either the material gets better before production, or the part becomes swappable in the field, like a keyboard. Internal use can ship as is. A million a year can't. $TSLA

The hardest thing for a robot hand is precision and force at the same time. Elon's test is picking up a small screw, pushing and twisting it into wood, then opening a pickle jar with the same hand. He says no hand he's seen can do it, not even in a demo. Jeff Lutz 🔋 notes that most bot makers just post highlight reels, while Tesla is talking about the hard parts in public. The other gate is wear. Either the material gets better before production, or the part becomes swappable in the field, like a keyboard. Internal use can ship as is. A million a year can't. $TSLA

Herbert Ong

15,487 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Hyundai Rotem has released a video introducing the LRAAM missile. It is currently being jointly developed with LIG Nex1. The integrated ducted ramjet propulsion is shown briefly. ●The difference from the initially revealed LRAAM is the addition of strakes. ●Since South Korea's numerous air-launched strike missile programs are considered first and the existence of the MBDA Meteor, the development period is generous and is scheduled to end in 2032. ●The consortium is competing with Hanwha Aerospace. ●The SRAAM short-range air-to-air missile is being developed by LIG Nex1. ●The solid fuel gas generator generates fuel-rich gas through primary combustion. Air entering through the air intake is mixed with the fuel-rich gas and then combusted a second time in the combustor to generate thrust. ●Ducted ramjet or ducted rocket propulsion systems simplify the fuel supply system and are lighter than liquid-fuel ramjet propulsion systems. Liquid-fueled ramjets offer better fuel efficiency and fuel supply control. However, they require additional fuel handling and are more expensive and heavier. ●As part of the recent success of its ground-launched hypersonic cruise vehicle, Hyundai Rotem also released CG of an air-launched hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile. The disclosed information mentions the use of hypersonic cruise missiles on land, sea, and air, and Hyundai Rotem is considered to be leading the way in cutting-edge engine and materials technology. ADD and Hanwha Aerospace are also participating in this sensitive program.

Hyundai Rotem has released a video introducing the LRAAM missile. It is currently being jointly developed with LIG Nex1. The integrated ducted ramjet propulsion is shown briefly. ●The difference from the initially revealed LRAAM is the addition of strakes. ●Since South Korea's numerous air-launched strike missile programs are considered first and the existence of the MBDA Meteor, the development period is generous and is scheduled to end in 2032. ●The consortium is competing with Hanwha Aerospace. ●The SRAAM short-range air-to-air missile is being developed by LIG Nex1. ●The solid fuel gas generator generates fuel-rich gas through primary combustion. Air entering through the air intake is mixed with the fuel-rich gas and then combusted a second time in the combustor to generate thrust. ●Ducted ramjet or ducted rocket propulsion systems simplify the fuel supply system and are lighter than liquid-fuel ramjet propulsion systems. Liquid-fueled ramjets offer better fuel efficiency and fuel supply control. However, they require additional fuel handling and are more expensive and heavier. ●As part of the recent success of its ground-launched hypersonic cruise vehicle, Hyundai Rotem also released CG of an air-launched hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile. The disclosed information mentions the use of hypersonic cruise missiles on land, sea, and air, and Hyundai Rotem is considered to be leading the way in cutting-edge engine and materials technology. ADD and Hanwha Aerospace are also participating in this sensitive program.

Mason ヨンハク

71,114 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

A laser can ride a falling stream of water. Shine it through a hole in a milk-clouded soda bottle and the beam stays trapped by total internal reflection, the same physics as fiber optics, just liquid and gravity doing the guiding.

A laser can ride a falling stream of water. Shine it through a hole in a milk-clouded soda bottle and the beam stays trapped by total internal reflection, the same physics as fiber optics, just liquid and gravity doing the guiding.

Bluntly Put Philosopher (BPP)

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In offshore operations, excess gas cannot be released into the air, whilst pressure buildup inside pipelines is extremely dangerous. A flare gun fires a burning charge toward the flare stack. The gas ignites at a controlled point.

In offshore operations, excess gas cannot be released into the air, whilst pressure buildup inside pipelines is extremely dangerous. A flare gun fires a burning charge toward the flare stack. The gas ignites at a controlled point.

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840,960 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

A computer that needs fire instead of a power outlet Enthusiast built a real steampunk computer that generates electricity from a flame. No batteries or power supply — the fire heats a miniature Stirling engine, which drives a generator to produce electricity. The principle is simple: heated gas inside the engine expands and pushes a piston, then cools and contracts. The cycle repeats, spinning a flywheel that turns the generator. The system produces only about 150 mW, so the computer is extremely energy-efficient. It uses an ESP32-C3, a monochrome 128×64 OLED display and a 16-key keyboard. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled, and the processor clock speed has been reduced. Yet even that tiny amount of power is enough to run CHIP-8, including games such as Tetris, Snake and Pong. The creator also built in a simple editor that lets users write their own programs directly on the “fire-powered” computer. And the Stirling engine itself is more than two centuries old — Robert Stirling patented it back in 1816. Video: YouTube/PickentCode

A computer that needs fire instead of a power outlet Enthusiast built a real steampunk computer that generates electricity from a flame. No batteries or power supply — the fire heats a miniature Stirling engine, which drives a generator to produce electricity. The principle is simple: heated gas inside the engine expands and pushes a piston, then cools and contracts. The cycle repeats, spinning a flywheel that turns the generator. The system produces only about 150 mW, so the computer is extremely energy-efficient. It uses an ESP32-C3, a monochrome 128×64 OLED display and a 16-key keyboard. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled, and the processor clock speed has been reduced. Yet even that tiny amount of power is enough to run CHIP-8, including games such as Tetris, Snake and Pong. The creator also built in a simple editor that lets users write their own programs directly on the “fire-powered” computer. And the Stirling engine itself is more than two centuries old — Robert Stirling patented it back in 1816. Video: YouTube/PickentCode

NEXTA

43,825 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

💦 Let the Water Flow!! A Fun Water Pressure Experiment! 💦 Ready for a little water magic? This simple experiment lets kids explore how air pressure affects the flow of water! What you need: 🔹 1 clear plastic bottle with a plastic lid 🔹 2 straws 🔹 A drill (adult use only) 🔹 A glass 🔹 Water 🔹 Food coloring (optional) Let’s get started! 1. Have an adult drill one hole in the bottle lid and another in the side of the bottle. 2. Insert a straw into each hole. Make sure the straw through the lid extends down into the bottle and sits below the side straw. 3. Fill the bottle with water and add food coloring if desired. 4. Screw the lid on tightly. 5. Place a glass under the straw on the side of the bottle. 6. To start the experiment, gently pull the top straw upward until its bottom end is above the side straw. 💦 Watch the water flow out of the side straw and into your glass! But why does it happen? 🤔 It’s all about air pressure! When the top straw is lowered into the water, it helps keep the bottle sealed. When you lift it above the side straw, air can enter the bottle through the top straw. That air pressure helps push the water out through the side straw. A fun way to introduce children to air pressure and how something we can’t see (air!) can make something happen that we can see! Science is everywhere! Have fun experimenting! ❤️. #science #stem #family #kids #familyfun

💦 Let the Water Flow!! A Fun Water Pressure Experiment! 💦 Ready for a little water magic? This simple experiment lets kids explore how air pressure affects the flow of water! What you need: 🔹 1 clear plastic bottle with a plastic lid 🔹 2 straws 🔹 A drill (adult use only) 🔹 A glass 🔹 Water 🔹 Food coloring (optional) Let’s get started! 1. Have an adult drill one hole in the bottle lid and another in the side of the bottle. 2. Insert a straw into each hole. Make sure the straw through the lid extends down into the bottle and sits below the side straw. 3. Fill the bottle with water and add food coloring if desired. 4. Screw the lid on tightly. 5. Place a glass under the straw on the side of the bottle. 6. To start the experiment, gently pull the top straw upward until its bottom end is above the side straw. 💦 Watch the water flow out of the side straw and into your glass! But why does it happen? 🤔 It’s all about air pressure! When the top straw is lowered into the water, it helps keep the bottle sealed. When you lift it above the side straw, air can enter the bottle through the top straw. That air pressure helps push the water out through the side straw. A fun way to introduce children to air pressure and how something we can’t see (air!) can make something happen that we can see! Science is everywhere! Have fun experimenting! ❤️. #science #stem #family #kids #familyfun

Living Well with Mimi

18,400 просмотров • 5 дней назад

How complex is it to build a fighter jet engine? Neeraj Khandelwal: "At least 3 to 4 times more complex than building a rocket engine." "Technically, they are challenging because increasing the thrust of fighter jet engines is very complex. They have to rely on air for oxygen to burn the fuel." "And fighter jet engines need to run for hours and hours. They require a different level of reliability, and they carry people. The fighter jet itself is expensive, and the testing, reliability requirements and qualification criteria for the engine are very stringent."

How complex is it to build a fighter jet engine? Neeraj Khandelwal: "At least 3 to 4 times more complex than building a rocket engine." "Technically, they are challenging because increasing the thrust of fighter jet engines is very complex. They have to rely on air for oxygen to burn the fuel." "And fighter jet engines need to run for hours and hours. They require a different level of reliability, and they carry people. The fighter jet itself is expensive, and the testing, reliability requirements and qualification criteria for the engine are very stringent."

The Offline Network

131,884 просмотров • 16 дней назад

A chemical anchor works by bonding a steel rod or bolt into concrete with a two-part resin instead of relying on expansion. You drill a hole, clean it, inject or insert the resin (or a capsule), then push in the threaded rod. Mixing the resin and hardener starts a chemical reaction. As it cures, it fills the hole, grips the threads, and locks the fastener into the concrete. Once set, the load is carried by the bond, not by wedging the hole open.

A chemical anchor works by bonding a steel rod or bolt into concrete with a two-part resin instead of relying on expansion. You drill a hole, clean it, inject or insert the resin (or a capsule), then push in the threaded rod. Mixing the resin and hardener starts a chemical reaction. As it cures, it fills the hole, grips the threads, and locks the fastener into the concrete. Once set, the load is carried by the bond, not by wedging the hole open.

World of Engineering

125,288 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

When NYC Gamecocks needed a spot to meet, they found the Mason Jar in NYC. It was the perfect home with Southern fare on the menu and a Southern symbol as the name. Now, the Mason Jar is filled for many #Gamecock sporting events.

When NYC Gamecocks needed a spot to meet, they found the Mason Jar in NYC. It was the perfect home with Southern fare on the menu and a Southern symbol as the name. Now, the Mason Jar is filled for many #Gamecock sporting events.

University of South Carolina

21,106 просмотров • 1 год назад